Psych 2400 - Chap 9 Practice Exam

The evolutionary value of the Five-Factor Model dimension of Neuroticism is that such neurotic individuals have a greater likelihood of surviving because they: 1. are overly cautious and attuned to danger. 2. make better mates due to their heightened emotional sensitivity. 3. seem to be more able to obtaining material resources.

1

A cost-benefit analysis of the Five-Factor Model dimension of Conscientiousness suggests that: 1. a benefit is that it is associated with a longer life expectancy. 2. a cost is that it is associated with a lower likelihood of reproductive success. 3. a benefit is that such individuals are at less risk for certain eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

1 and 2

As a sales clerk employed at a gift shop working on commission, you are likely to make the most money if you target your efforts towards: 1. males who are buying gifts for women with whom they hope to become sexually involved. 2. males who are buying gifts to impress a new female romantic interest. 3. males who are buying gifts for women that they have been sexually involved with for an extended period of time.

1 and 2

Heidi tends to keep her emotions bottled up inside, which might explain why her: 1. cardiologists told her she is a high-risk candidate for heart disease. 2. dietitian told her she drinks too many energy drinks to keep herself driven. 3. clinical psychologists described her in his notes as having a Type D personality

1 and 3

From the evolutionary perspective, factors contributing to the problem of obesity include: 1. the presence of brain mechanisms similar to those of our hunting-and-gathering ancestors. 2. the reduced effort and energy necessary to obtain the food we eat today. 3. the greater variety of foods available for us to eat today.

1,2 and 3

From the principles based on the evolutionary viewpoint, gender differences in personality exist because: 1. men are more likely than women to be susceptible to the principles associated with the task of survival. 2. women are more susceptible than men to the principles associated with the task of reproduction. 3. such differences have evolutionary significance for the tasks of survival and reproduction for both men and women.

1,2 and 3

While developing his profile on a dating service where he hopes to find a partner for a "long-term relationship that could lead to marriage," Robert provides a list of book titles that he asks the female visitors to his site to note if they have read. Based on the evolutionary principles associated with characteristics males tend to prefer when selecting mates, the women who are most likely to get a reply from Robert would be those who indicate they have read: 1. "Fitness for Busy Females," which focuses on health and beauty tips. 2. "Cooking for Taste but Not Calories," which focuses on being a good cook. 3. "Living Better By Spending Less," which focuses on living within a budget

1,2 and 3

You are consulting with a group of evolutionary personality psychologists regarding developing a web site to focus on males who are seeking to make themselves more appealing to women in other countries. They would most likely advise you to instruct these males to include information on their profiles that emphasize their: 1. educational level, such as the schools from which they graduated and degrees obtained. 2. socioeconomic status, such as the price of their house compared to the average price of the houses in their neighborhood 3. level of intelligence, such as class ranking at graduation (e.g., 7th out of 300 classmates).

1,2 and 3

From the evolutionary viewpoint, variation in such physical characteristics as height and brute strength and personality characteristics such as cooperativeness and aggressiveness have emerged because they: 1. provide a biosocial basis of identity. 2. help individuals to adapt to environmental changes. 3. illustrate how physical characteristics evolve from personality characteristics. 4. illustrate how personality characteristics evolve from physical characteristics.

2

A characteristic strength of the evolutionary viewpoint of personality is that it: 1. makes it possible to test hypotheses based on evolution about personality characteristics that are different from physical characteristics 2. makes it possible to test evolutionary challenges that remain stable. 3. is linked with the scientific foundation of the theory of evolution

3

You are an entrepreneur and would like to secure a bank loan to start a business that specializes in cosmetic surgery for men called "Heads Up." According to consumer spending on cosmetic products based on the evolutionary viewpoint, you state in your business plan that "Heads Up" will focus on: 1. chemical peels for bald men. 2. liposuction and facial skelatherapy surgery. 3. hair transplants and hair restoration

3

A characteristic limitation of the evolutionary viewpoint of personality is that it 1. fails to consider the compensatory processes of diversity and reciprocity. 2. is based on a theory that assumes principles of individual differences are the same for both humans and animals. 3. is based on a theory that was designed primarily to explain variation in physical features, not personality characteristics 4. is based on a theory that cannot be disproved.

4

Jason is the center on the college basketball team while Joe is the smartest guy in the physics club. David is the president of the student government while Sammy is an all-conference sprinter in the 100-yard dash. Because they are all short of money, someone in a class they are all taking suggests that they could earn some extra money by becoming sperm donors. When these guys meet at a party two months later, _____ is probably going to have earned the most money from donating his sperm.

Jason

From the evolutionary viewpoint, which individual is LEAST likely to have a sexual harassment charged brought against him?

The owner of the company where the loading dock is located.

As an expression of intrasexual competition, while on spring break at a beach resort, you are likely to observe male college students engaging in leisure activities that are expressions of:

high risk

In response to his suspicious feelings of jealously, Ron is likely to:

ask his wife to take a paternity test after she gives birth.

Around the world, the tendency to be _______ was found to be associated with those individuals who were successful mate poachers.

attractive

Both Jack and Jill are married to other individuals. They first met at a weekly poets workshop held at a local community college. Over time, their love for poetry blossomed into a love for each other. As a result they decided to divorce their respective spouses and get married. Their actions illustrate ______ poaching:

co-mate

Ellen is reading the responses to the personal ad she posted on an online dating service. She is attracted to one response where the individual indicates that he has a financially secure job that involves a lot of world travel and would like to get married and start a family with "the right person." While Ellen is pleased that he has a good job, she is concerned about him being out of town too much to have a long-term relationship. Ellen is engaging the process of ________ in the evaluation of potential mates.

cost-benefit analysis

The logic accounting for the competition for hunting for animals engaged in by our prehistoric ancestors and those "hunting" for a better job to earn more money to buy food is consistent with the process of:

environment of evolutionary adaptedness (EEA).

Dana has been a bartender at the Study Break Bar for ten years. She notices that as the number of women in the bar increases relative to the number of men, there is a tendency for the men to be less generous with their tips and more unfriendly when interacting with her and the other women. Based on the process of ________, such variation in the expression of generosity and friendliness seems to be based on the men feeling that such traits are not that important when there are many more women than men at the bar.

frequency-dependent selection

Elaine is thinking about getting a new hairstyle to update her photograph on the web page she maintains on an online dating service. She hopes this will help improve her dating frequency and the possibility of finding someone, as she states, "for starting out as friends in the hopes of becoming a couple who have a couple of kids someday." As an evolutionary personality psychologist, you would advise Elaine to:

get hair extensions to make her hair longer and herself appear younger.

In the examination of mate poaching across a variety of cultures around the world, scores on the Sexy Seven measure were associated with mate poaching:

in a pattern consistent for men and women across cultures investigated

Eddie has been working at the Bookworm Bookmart at the mall for the past two summers. From the "Self-Enhancement" section of bookstore, he notices that women tend to purchase diet books more than men, but men tend to purchase books on financial investing more than women. Such tendencies are an example of:

sexual selection

You are a broker at an investment firm that specialized in long-term investments that offer a lower yield than most other firms but are rated as less risky. From the evolutionary viewpoint, your investments would be most appealing to:

single woman