PSYCH 280 Exam 2 questions

Amanda is at home during Winter break and is telling her mom about the personalities of different majors. She says that theater majors are outgoing, physics majors are studious, and engineering majors are ambitious, but when her mom asks about her major, she draws a blank. "I don't know," says Amanda, "we don't really have a 'group personality'. All of us are really different." What best explains the difference in Amanda's thinking about her own group versus others? a. The outgroup homogeneity effect b. Own-race identification bias c. Stereotypes d. Discrimination

a

Atencio is sixteen years old and has four very close friends, all of whom smoke. Atencio has never had any particular desire to smoke cigarettes, and his friends have never asked or told him to smoke. Nevertheless, he feels like if he wants to fit in he has to start smoking. The force that is pushing Atencio to start smoking is known as a. Normative influence. b. compliance. c. Informational influence. d. obedience

a

Claudio and Kyle are classmates. After an exam, they decide to go out for drinks, and Claudio pays for both of them. To ensure that Claudio doesn't feel that the situation is unfair, Kyle says: "Thanks man, I'll get the next round". Which of the following best describes Claudio and Kyle's relationship? a. Exchange relationship b. Communal relationship c. Equity relationship d. Acquaintances

a

Derren juggles really well when he is on stage in front of an audience and when he is performing on the street and people are passing him by paying no attention to him, but his juggling isn't as good when he is by himself. Juggling is likely _____ for Derren, and his performance supports the ________ account of social facilitation. a. Easy; mere exposure b. Easy; evaluation apprehension c. Hard; mere exposure d. Hard; evaluation apprehension

a

Kendra reacts with disgust when she is near homeless people. What is Kendra's reaction an example of? a. Prejudice b. Stereotype c. Discrimination d. Realistic group conflict theory

a

Mark wants to wash and wax the car. Before he can get started, his son asks him to fix his tricycle. Then his daughter asks him to show her how to throw a curveball. Finally, when his wife asks him to help her take down the storm windows, he aggressively throws down the hose and curses. Mark's behavior is most consistent with a. the frustration aggression hypothesis. b. scapegoat theory. c. the socialization hypothesis. d. instinct theory of aggression.

a

Philip's friend Ryan is trying to convince his whole friend group to run a marathon with him. Most of the friends agree to do it, but Philip announces that he will not be running the marathon because he does not believe in the cause the proceeds will go to. The other friends hear his reasoning and decide to decline the marathon invitation also. What best explains why the other friends ultimately decide not to run the marathon? a. minority influence b. compliance c. informational influence d. obedience

a

Research consistently indicates that the majority of college students drink alcohol moderately or rarely. Nonetheless, research also indicates that a majority of college students overestimate the rates at which their peers drink. In this case, college students are misperceiving a(n) ______ norm. a.descriptive b.injunctive c.justified d.situational

a

Sterling and Mari have been married for 50 years. They share a durable, interdependent bond. While their relationship is not as passionate and intense as it once was, they are still extremely committed to each other. Sterling and Mari are experiencing _____ love a. companionate b. fatuous c. romantic d. consummate

a

Walter is sixteen years old and has four very close friends, all of whom play video games. Walter has never had any particular desire to play video games, and his friends have never asked or told him to do so. Nevertheless, he feels compelled to start playing video games. What concept best explains this? a. normative influence b. compliance c. informational influence d. obedience

a

who do you believe? a. I don't remember what your bike looks like, but the person who stole it was Jenna. b. I saw the whole thing. It was a blue bike with a lock around it and a yellow helmet on the handlebars. It was stolen by Sharon

a

Paula is a sophomore in college. When she first started her program, she didn't know anyone, but now she has a group of close friends. She notices that most of her friends have the same major as her. Which of the effects we talked about in class might account for this? Select all that apply. a. Similarity b. Functional distance c. Complementarity d. The Halo Effect e. Investment in Offspring

ab

Suppose that you are tutoring in your home town over the summer, and you learn that your class will consist of students from two rival high schools. The two high schools are very competitive and can be aggressive toward one another, but you hope that by being in the same tutoring program and getting to know one another, they can leave some of their animosity behind. How can you make it more likely that being in your class together will help the students get along? Select all that apply. a. Encourage the students to work together to achieve a class goal, such as cleaning the classroom b. Set up class discussions where individuals from the two schools talk one-on-one with others in the same year c. Tell students at the beginning of the summer that you are aware of the aggressive norms within their groups and that aggressive behavior will not be tolerated d. Set up class discussions where individuals from the two schools talk one-on-one with others in a different year

ab

In the Milgram Obedience Study, many normal participants obeyed the experimenter even when it meant giving potentially dangerous shocks to another person (the learner). In follow-up studies, which of the following factors helped decrease obedience? Select all that apply. a. The participant had to physically hold the learner's hand on the shock generator b. The participant was high in empathy c. The researcher delivered the instructions over the phone d. The researcher was affiliated with Yale e. The learner was in a different room than the participant f. There was another researcher who disagreed with the researcher giving the instructions g. The participant had received a shock before the experiment so they would know how it felt h. The learner was in the same room as the participant

acfh

Additionally, college students perceive that underage drinking during college is acceptable and should not be penalized. This is an example of a(n) ______ norm. a.descriptive b.injunctive c.justified d.situational

b

Every year, Annie's big family talks about having a family reunion. But no one ever actually plans a family reunion, and thus it never occurs. This is an example of what phenomenon? a. Pluralistic ignorance b. Diffusion of responsibility c. The bystander effect d. Competitive altruism

b

Greta wants to watch her favorite show on TV. Before she can start watching, her mom asks her to clean her room. Then, her grandma asks her to help her with her computer. When she finally gets to the TV and sees her brother already there watching cartoons, she screams and throws the TV remote at him. Greta's behavior is most consistent with a. the negative state relief model. b. the frustration-aggression hypothesis. c. realistic group conflict theory. d. evolutionary theory of aggression.

b

Hugo makes lunch for his daughter Rose every day to help her get ready for school. Even if Hugo and Rose have an argument, he still makes lunch for her and he does not expect anything in return. Their relationship is most likely characterized as a(n) ____________ relationship a. exchange b. communal c. equity d. investment

b

It is talent show time in the dorm. Rachael is nervous about singing. She sounds amazing when she practices in her dorm room. While she is performing, she does a great job, even better than when she practices alone. This is an example of _____ a. Social loafing b. Social facilitation c. Social inhibition d. Social roles

b

Jackie is going to the Michigan Theater ticket office to buy tickets for an upcoming concert. She doesn't know what to do, so when she gets there, she looks around to see what other people are doing. She sees a long line coming out of the box office, so goes and stands in line with the others. This is an example of what? a. Obedience b. Informational Influence c. Compliance d. Normative Influence

b

John has red hair. His teacher has told him that red headed people are very bad at math. Before a math test, John is asked to indicate what color his hair is. He continues to think about the question throughout the test because he fears he will confirm the negative belief his teacher has about his group. This is an example of: a. Discrimination b. Stereotype threat c. Social identity theory d. Individual differences

b

Georgia feels comfortable relying on her friends and having them rely on her, but she tends to keep her distance from her family, not telling them much about her day to day life or relying on them. In romantic relationships, she usually finds that she seeks more intimacy in the relationship than her partner and sometimes finds herself getting worried that her partner won't want to stay with her. Which adult attachment style best characterizes each of Georgia's relationships? Georgia's friendships: Georgia's family relationships: Georgia's romantic relationships: a. healthy b. secure c. Distant d. avoidant e. Spurious f. Neurotic g. anxious-ambivalent

bdg

A baby is playing with some blocks while his mother and a stranger watch. When his mother gets up to leave the room, he does not seem to be distressed and continues playing. When the mother returns and calls to him, he turns his head away from the direction of her voice and continues playing with his toys. What pattern of attachment does the baby seem to be exhibiting? a. Secure attachment b. Anxious ambivalent - insecurely attached c. Avoidant - insecurely attached d. Disorganized - insecurely attached

c

Betty missed several days of class because she was ill, so she asked Carlos if she could copy his notes. Carlos realized that Betty would probably flunk the next quiz if she didn't get the notes. And although he didn't care much for Betty, he felt distressed at the thought of contributing to anyone's failure. He also knew that Betty was responsible enough to return the notes promptly, so he agreed. Carlo's helping behavior is consistent with which theory? a. evolutionary b. empathy altruism c. negative state relief d. frustration aggression

c

Lana, a beautiful, tall young woman has just become engaged to her boss, Stephen, an unattractive, middle-aged, bald, short investment banker. Lana and Stephen's relationship seems to violate the a. contact hypothesis b. mere-exposure effect. c. matching hypothesis. d. norm of reciprocity.

c

Sam's girl scout troop wants to sell more cookies than a rival girl scout troop. While talking with the other girls in her troop, Sam talks about how immature, disagreeable, and unskilled at selling cookies the girls in the other troop are. What concept best describes Sam's comments? a. Benevolent sexism b. System justification c. Outgroup denigration d. Just world phenomenon

c

Suppose you're the warden at a prison and can select the temperature setting for the master prison thermostat, but the thermostat doesn't have enough settings, forcing you to choose between an uncomfortably cold setting and an uncomfortably hot setting. Which should you choose, and why? a. The uncomfortably hot setting, because crime rates are higher in December. b. It does not matter, because studies examining effects of heat on aggression are correlational and correlation does not equal causation. c. The uncomfortably cold setting, because heat increases aggression even when controlling for other factors. d. The uncomfortably hot setting, because cold increases aggression even when controlling for other factors. The uncomfortably cold setting, because crime rates are higher in the summer months.

c

Willow has an iPhone and hates getting those green messages from Android phones when someone texts her. Even though this is relatively arbitrary, she still finds herself hanging out with people who have iPhones more and treating them more nicely over text. What is this an example of? a. Stereotype threat b. Group polarization c. Minimal groups paradigm d. Prejudice

c

You ask your doctor to examine your sore throat. Surprisingly, she demands that you remove your Detroit Tigers hat and coat. If you take off your hat and coat, you have a. complied. b. conformed because of informational influence. c. obeyed. d. conformed because of normative influence.

c

An animal shelter is considering running one of two ads to increase fundraising: ad 1 which shows puppies happily playing in a sunflower field, and ad 2 which shows black-and-white images of puppies with big sad eyes. Based on the _________, you advise the animal shelter to run ad 2. a. Reciprocity norm b. Arousal cost model c. Social responsibility norm d. Negative state relief model

d

Edith and Wayne have been together for 45 years, and they have found that the passion has faded from their marriage. Yet, they are still quite committed to each other and they share their most intimate feelings. According to Sternberg's triangular theory, Edith and Wayne a. empty b. romantic c. consummate d. companionate

d

High school sweethearts Lindsey and Ryne are very physically and emotionally attracted to each other, but they are going to different colleges in the fall and decide that they should not commit to their relationship. According to Sternberg's triangular theory, they have ______ love. a. companionate b. consummate c. fatuous d. romantic

d

Janos sees Mariska in distress after class. According to Batson's empathy altruism hypothesis, Janos is most likely to help Mariska when helping her: a. maximizes rewards and minimizes costs for him b. ensures his genes get passed on to the next generation c. makes a difference in the world d. elicits feelings of concern for her well being

d

Lolita and Aurelius are both at the Apple store for black Friday (the biggest sale day of the year) with the intent to purchase new headphones at a heavily discounted price. However, there is only one pair of headphones left. Lolita pushes Aurelius to the ground so that she can get to the headphones first. Lolita's behavior is an example of: a. Hostile aggression b. Relational aggression c. Micro aggression d. Instrumental aggression

d

Suppose you have crash-landed on an alien planet. You notice that all of the aliens believe that their planet is flat. Although you have seen their planet from a distance on your spaceship and know for a fact that it is spherical, when you describe your descent, you say "when I saw that beautiful disc, I knew I had to land here", implying that the planet is flat. What phenomenon best explains your statement? a. An injunctive norm b. Informational social influence c. Internalization d. Normative social influence

d

Suppose your two friends, Timon and Nala, are not getting along because they had an argument. What is one way that you could help them avoid acting aggressively toward one another? a. Encourage each of them to take their aggression out on an inanimate object, such as by screaming into a pillow b. Threaten to stop talking to both of them unless they make up c. Aggression is inevitable, so you should encourage them to use instrumental aggression instead of hostile aggression in their conflict d. Encourage them to think about their argument from a third-party's perspective

d

When Katya got home from high school, she decided it would be nice if she did the dishes before her mom came home from work. When she was about to start washing, she got a text from her mom asking her to do the dishes. Suddenly, Katya didn't feel like doing the dishes anymore. What best explains Katya's feelings after seeing her mom's text? a. Compliance b. An injunctive norm c. Internalization d. Reactance theory

d

Nicki is 16 and is having a disagreement with her mom. Nicki is supposed to be home by 10:00 each night, and she wanted her mother to extend her curfew by one or two hours. Yesterday, she tried using the door-in-the-face technique by asking her mom to get rid of her curfew altogether, but when she asked, she and her mom had a huge argument and they have been mad at each other ever since. Today, her mom came into her room and said "I understand that you're growing up and you want more freedom; how about if we extend your curfew to 11?" Even though Nicki originally would have been happy with the extension, now it doesn't seem like such a good offer, and she refuses to make up with her mom. This is an example of: a. Relational aggression b. Reactive devaluation c. Hostile aggression d. Cognitive dissonance

b

Steve is walking in his local park and sees the following sign: "Many past visitors to this park have littered, making the park less enjoyable for other people." Despite the prominence of this sign, Steve notices that a lot of other people are still littering. What social psychological principle can best explain why people may still litter? a. obedience b. descriptive norms c. compliance d. injunctive norms

b

Suppose that every year, the male CEO of a small company always asks a female employee to take care of organizing the company's holiday party. When one female employee asks why he always gives this task to women, he says that women are better party planners than men. This is an example of: a. Paired distinctiveness b. Benevolent sexism c. This is not an example of bias d. Implicit bias

b

Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression? a. Scott has a quick temper and gets into fights at parties. b. An assassin kills a leader to ensure the success of a coup. c. Angry at her boyfriend, Liz destroys his stereo. d. Karin runs over her neighbor's cat.

b

Which of these statements about group polarization is FALSE? a. Group polarization happens because people gain more persuasive arguments. b. Group polarization is more likely when group members self- censor c. Risky shift is a form of group polarization. d. Group polarization happens because of social comparison.

b

Zrob is an alien visiting Earth. When he lands, the first human he sees happens to be riding a unicycle. He has never seen a human or a unicycle before, so he assumes that riding a unicycle is the primary mode of transportation on Earth. What best explains Zrob's conclusion? a. The Affect Misattribution Procedure b. Paired distinctiveness c. Stereotyping d. Subtyping

b

who do you believe? a. After 6 hours of questioning with no food or water... the person says that bike was stolen by suspect 1 b. After no questioning... the bike was stolen by suspect 5

b