Psych 370 unit one

Late adulthood

_____ has the longest span of any period of development and the number of people in this age group has been increasing dramatically.

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to:

a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics.

Sixty-year-old Betty is in great physical shape. Her bones are strong with no sign of osteoporosis, and her internal organs are in near perfect condition. This means that Betty is young in terms of her _____ age.

biological.

Going by current trends, 86-year-old Matilda is likely to be living:

by herself.

According to Freud, our adult personality is determined by:

the way we resolve conflicts between sources of pleasure at each stage and the demands of reality.

Palma and her husband Frankie are in their mid-forties. Which of the following developmental periods are they in?

Middle adulthood

organization and adaption

According to Piaget's theory, two processes underlie children's cognitive construction of the world:

microsystem.

According to Urie Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, a person's family, peers, school, and neighborhood constitute his/her:

Brittany is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Her thoughts are more logical, abstract, and idealistic. She is also experiencing rapid physical changes such as gains in height and weight. Which of the following periods of development is Brittany most likely in?

Adolescence

Joey has shot up in height over the past year, has developed a deeper voice, and is starting to grow facial hair. He is preoccupied with the pursuit of independence and identity and is spending more time with friends and less with family. Which of the following periods of development is Joey in?

Adolescence

Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons older individuals are happier and report more satisfaction with their lives?

An increase in physical problems

Which theory stresses the importance of the environment in all facets of development?

Behavioral

isolation

Caitlin, age 25, has a good job as a financial analyst but she has few friends and has had no success in dating. She admits that being close to others is a problem for her. According to Erikson's psychosocial theory, Caitlin is at a risk of reaching the state of:

Which of Urie Bronfenbrenner's environmental systems consists of the patterning of environmental events and transitions over the life course, as well as sociohistorical circumstances?

Chronosystem

observational learning

Danny's mother is even-tempered, fair, and tactful. Seeing this, Danny, too, is growing up to be a polite, good-natured boy. This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of _____ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.

biologial

Determining _____ age involves knowing the functional capacities of a person's vital organs.

emphasize that individuals manipulate information, monitor it, and strategize about it.

Dr. Alondro is an information-processing psychologist, thus he is most likely to:

intimacy versus isolation

During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of _____ occurs.

_____ is a time of establishing personal and economic independence, career development, and, for many, selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way, starting a family, and rearing children.

Early adulthood

eight; late adulthood.

Erik Erikson's developmental theory consists of _____ stages that last from the first year of life to:

critical period.

In Lorenz's view, imprinting needs to take place at a certain, very early time in the life of the animal, or else it will not take place. This period of time is called the:

Jonathan is almost completely dependent on his parents for his wants and needs and is only just beginning to acquire language skills and sensorimotor coordination. Which of the following development periods is Jonathan in?

Infancy

life review, adjustment to new social roles, and diminishing strength and health.

Late adulthood is a time of:

start at birth and continue through adulthood.

Piaget's four stages of cognitive development:

eclectic

Professor Vaugn believes that while individual theories are adequate to explain various elements of our physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development, no single theory is adequate to explain all facets of human development. Professor Vaugn believes in the ______ theoretical orientation.

biological

Ramada, 69, an avid golfer and fitness enthusiast, recently got a comprehensive health exam done, and her physician remarked that her vital organs were in such good shape that her _____ age was about 10 years less than her chronological age.

Amir is 18 months old. According to Piaget, he is in which of the following stages of cognitive development?

Sensorimotor

biological

Sixty-year-old Betty is in great physical shape. Her bones are strong with no sign of osteoporosis, and her internal organs are in near perfect condition. This means that Betty is young in terms of her _____ age.

a person's position within society based on occupational, educational, and economic characteristics

Socioeconomic status (SES) refers to:

_____ processes involve changes in the individual's relationships with other people, changes in emotions, and changes in personality.

Socioemotional

exosystem

The _____ consists of links between a social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the individual's immediate context.

has not changed since the beginning of recorded history

The maximum life span of humans:

nature vs. nurture

The question of whether Ted Kaczynski was a born killer or was turned into one by life's experiences is the focus of which developmental issue?

Two-year-old Julia is learning to talk, and her parents would say that her favorite word is "no." This would be considered normal for a child in Erik Erikson's life-span stage of:

autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Dr. Wong is a cognitive developmental theorist, so we know that he will stress the importance of _____ in understanding development.

conscious thoughts

Roger looks back on his life and feels that he failed to reach his potential, squandered opportunities, and hurt a lot of people. At 82 years of age, he knows it is too late to make amends. Roger is slipping into:

despair.

The connection across biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes is most obvious in the two rapidly emerging fields of:

developmental cognitive neuroscience and developmental social neuroscience.

Two concepts that help provide a framework for describing and understanding an individual's development are:

developmental processes and periods.

The maximum life span of humans:

has not changed since the beginning of recorded history.

The term "generativity" as described in Erikson's seventh stage of development primarily reflects a concern for:

helping the younger generation to develop and lead useful lives.

Dr. Perkins predicts that children who spend years playing a musical instrument are smarter than children who do not play music. This testable prediction is known as a(n):

hypothesis.

Jessica, 16, is in the process of deciding what she wants to study in college. She wants to be an engineer one day and a painter the next day. Erik Erikson would say that Jessica is in the _____ stage of development.

identity versus identity confusion

During early adulthood, Erik Erikson's developmental stage of _____ occurs.

intimacy versus isolation

As defined by Erik Erikson, a crisis:

is not a catastrophe but a turning point of increased vulnerability and enhanced potential.

When teaching his psychology class, Professor Sharma emphasizes that developmental change occurs throughout adulthood as well as childhood. Professor Sharma is taking a(n) _____ approach to developmental change.

life-span

The _____ involves the culture in which individuals live.

macrosystem

The _____ involves relations between microsystems or connections between contexts.

mesosystem

Compared with earlier decades, U.S. adults today are:

more likely to be childless.

Psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, neuroscientists, and medical researchers all share an interest in unlocking the mysteries of development through the life span. This indicates how development is:

multidisciplinary.

Danny's mother is even-tempered, fair, and tactful. Seeing this, Danny, too, is growing up to be a polite, good-natured boy. This imitation or modeling of behavior mirrors the concept of _____ in Bandura's social cognitive theory.

observational learning

Bandura's most recent model of learning and development includes three elements: behavior, environment, and:

person/cognition.

The _____ period is the time from conception to birth.

prenatal

Lynne, 5, loves to draw and color. She represents the world with words and her drawings. According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, Lynne is in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

preoperational

Dr. Berenstein holds the view that behavior is merely a surface characteristic and that a true understanding of development requires analyzing the symbolic meanings of behavior and the deep inner workings of the mind. Dr. Berenstein can be described as a(n):

psychoanalytic theorist.

Fernando believes that as individuals adapt to their environment, development, or phylogeny occurs. He further believes that there are critical periods that have also been selected for. He is most likely taking a(n) _____ approach.

social cognitive

Kelly responds to her infant son's needs in a consistent and timely way. When he is tired she puts him down for a nap, and when he is hungry she feeds him. Erikson would say that Kelly is helping her son to develop a sense of:

trust

The first stage in Erikson's theory is:

trust versus mistrust.