Psych 405 Exam 2

Which disease involves degeneration of the frontal and temporal lobes?

Pick's Disease

Symptoms of PTSD are grouped into which of the following major categories?

Re-experiencing of traumatic event, avoidance of stimuli associated with event, negative alterations in mood or cognition, dissociation, and increased arousal or reactivity

The following are causal factors associated with Alzheimer's dementia except: a. PS1 (presenillin 1) gene b. APOE (apolipo protein E) gene c. PS2 (presenillin 2) gene d. APP (amyloid precursor protein gene)

b

All of these treatments for panic disorder use similar techniques EXCEPT: Relaxation + exposure Interoceptive exposure Cognitive-behavioral therapy Panic Control Therapy

cognitive behavioral therapy

The idea that some people may be able to compensate for neurocognitive diseases by using alternative brain networks, cognitive abilities or cognitive strategies such that cognitive symptoms are less pronounced is called

cognitive reserve

A person says "I've been diagnosed with social anxiety disorder, and my therapist wants me to use drug therapy, not psychological therapy. I don't know which to choose." Based on current research, the BEST answer would be:

"Some therapists think psychological therapy should always be used, even with drug therapy; there's less chance of relapse."

The percent of individuals who develop PTSD in their lifetime is

8%

What is one way obsessions and compulsions are related?

Compulsions help people control their obsessions.

In order of increasing severity, which of the following is CORRECT? Cyclothymia, Bipolar II, Bipolar I Bipolar II, Bipolar I, Cyclothymia Bipolar II, Rapid cycling, Bipolar I Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Cyclothymia

Cyclothymia, Bipolar II, Bipolar I

A person is being treated for a social anxiety disorder. A therapist watches the person act out a social scene, points out what she did correctly and incorrectly, and praises her for what she did well. What behavioral technique did the therapist NOT use?

Modeling

Jason was in a car accident two months ago. He keeps seeing the accident in his mind and it feels just like the other car is coming at him again. He feels angry much of the time about careless drivers and he avoids driving anywhere near the site of the accident. He is easily startled by unexpected sounds. Jason is most likely experiencing:

PTSD

An individual suffering from a neurological disorder shows no evidence of infection or poisoning but experiences tremors, rigidity, and unsteadiness. The MOST probable diagnosis is:

Parkinson's disease

All of the following are obsessions except: a. repeatedly checking that the car doors are locked b. constant thoughts of impending economic failure c. images of accidentally running over a small animal d. fearing that the effectiveness of your vaccination has expired

a

Brain mechanisms implicated in obsessive compulsive disorder include all of the following EXCEPT: a. underactivity in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex b. smaller caudate nuclei c. overactivity in basal ganglia d. overactivity in orbitofrontal cortex

a

Research suggests that Alzheimer's disease can be delayed or prevented by all of the following EXCEPT: a. listening to music that was popular during one's youth b. engaging in physical exercise c. performing simple calculations and reading aloud d. doing cognitively stimulating activities on a computer

a

Which of the following individuals is at GREATEST risk for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease? a. Carola, who has 2 APoE-E4 alleles b. Daniella, who has 1 APoE-E4 and 1 APoE-3 allele c. Aubrey, who has 1 APoE-E3 allele and 1 APoE-E4 alleleE d. Barron, who has 1 APoE-E2 allele and 1 APoE-3 allele

a

Alloy and Abramson revised the learned helplessness theory to highlight __________________________ as a crucial cause of many forms of depression.

a sense of hopelessness

Whitney has an extreme fear of heights. When she registers for classes at college, she makes a point of signing up for classes that are held on the first floor of the buildings. Whitney might be diagnosed as having

a specific phobia

You are a frontline intake worker responsible for making referrals to mental health treatment centers. You assess a person who is clearly experiencing symptoms of obsessions and compulsions. Which of the following options would be a reasonable treatment referral for this first-time client?

a treatment center that offers exposure with response prevention

All of the following treatment options have reportedly been effective for people experiencing trauma EXCEPT: a. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing b. Therapy using Virtual Reality (VR) c. Eye movement desensitization and preprocessing (EMDR) d. Psychotherapy plus antidepressants

a. Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Carla is an attractive, college-educated 30-something who is successful in her career. Her marriage is going well. Yet, she's experiencing subjective distress. In fact, she can identify her feelings and identify the symptoms. She's depressed. You suspect that there may be a strong biological component contributing to her depression. Which of the following aspects might you investigate?

abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis

If one were to develop drugs that increase or maintain the production of __________________, then this could be used to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease.

acetylcholine

A woman constantly avoids crowded streets and buildings, and she is very reluctant to leave home, even with a friend. Recently, she has started experiencing extreme, sudden fear every time she enters a crowded street. MOST likely, this woman would be diagnosed with:

agoraphobia with panic disorder

Pasha is a medical student who was referred to the psychiatry clinic because of his increasing depression. He is promptly diagnosed with the melancholic subtype of depression, because of his early morning awakenings, anhedonia, and lack of appetite. He is open to treatment, but warned the psychiatrist that he is preparing to study for his final exams, so he cannot tolerate anything sedating and he is seriously involved with a woman whom he plans to marry, so he doesn't want anything with potential sexual side effects. Which of the following treatments would be a reasonable option for Pasha?

an atypical antidepressant such as Welbutrin (Buproprion)

Research on the cognitive explanation for the development of generalized anxiety shows that people with generalized anxiety symptoms:

are more likely to have fast and strong physical reactions to stress.

Changes in the following biochemicals are implicated in memory changes associated with dementia EXCEPT: a. glutamate b. dopamine c. acetylcholine d. calcium

b

How is body dysmorphic disorder similar to OCD? a. both spend inordinate amounts of time on their obsessions b. all of these are similarities c. both engage in compulsive behaviors d. both have obsessive preoccupations

b

Jack reports being in a wonderful mood. He has been very active at work lately, even working far into the night, as he seems to need only a few hours of sleep at night. He is very talkative and quickly moves from one topic to another, describing a scheme he has for making a fortune in the stock market. These behaviors represent a change from Jack's normal behaviors and have caused severe functional impairment. He reports no previous periods like this.Which of the following diagnoses would best fit Jack?

bipolar disorder

According to the Tripartite Model of Anxiety and Depression, how do the two conditions compare?

both anxiety and depression have high negative affect

Theories linking Alzheimer's disease to genetic factors make all of the following assumptions EXCEPT: a. excessive plaques and tangles produce Alzheimer's disease. b. abnormal protein activity produces plaques and tangles. c. genes create plaques and tangles. d. genes control the production of proteins.

c

A person who has an excess of plaques due to Alzheimer's would be likely to have

cell breakdown and neuron death

Repetitive behaviors or thoughts that the person feels compelled to perform to prevent distress or a dreaded event are also known as

compulsions

When Weijun was a young child and watching TV with her mother, a mouse ran by. Her mother screamed, scaring her. Ever since then, Weijun has been afraid of mice. In this example, the mouse is the:

conditioned stimulus

The only definitive way to diagnose Alzheimer's disease is to

conduct an autopsy to examine brain tissue after a person has died.

After Sept. 11, 2001, all of the following groups were at risk for the development of PTSD except for: a. the people who fled the area, fearing for their lives b. the first responders who were at Ground Zero c. the close relatives who lost loved ones on that day d. people who kept watching the planes flying into the Twin Towers and learning about the fatalities

d

What epidemiological findings do we know about cyclothymia? a. Up to 50% of people with cyclothymia will eventually develop a bipolar disorder. b. Individuals with cyclothymia have not experienced a major depressive episode. c. cyclothymia is genetically related to bipolar disorder. d. All of these epidemiological statements are true.

d

Which of the following statements is true? a. All people who experience manic symptoms will experience symptoms of depression at some point during their lifetime. b. An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar I. c. All of the above. d. An episode of depression is required for the diagnosis of Bipolar II.

d

Which of the following symptoms is NOT part of the diagnosis of Hoarding Disorder? a. compromise in the usefulness of living spaces due to the accumulation of possessions. b. difficulty discarding items regardless of their value. c. distress when thinking about discarding useless items. d. perceived flaw or flaws in the appearance of the home or workplace.

d

After being released from a brief hospitalization for minor surgery, 70 year old Mrs. Spencer seemed distractible and disoriented. She did not even recognize her husband when he came to pick her up from the hospital. After they returned home, they discussed their plans for the weekend and Mrs. Spencer seemed fine. However, as the night approached, she could not sleep and she began accusing Mr. Spencer of throwing away her belongings while she was away. Which of the following disorders best fits Mrs. Spencer's symptoms?

delirium

Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms may emerge ___ the trauma.

even months or years after

People with ____________________________ keep picking at their skin, resulting in significant sores or wounds.

excoriation disorder

The Caspi et al. study indicated that individuals with at least one short allele form of the serotonin transporter gene were more likely to display symptoms of depression if they experienced stressful life events than individuals who were homozygous for the long-allele form of the gene. This is an example of:

gene x environment interaction

A recent study showed that the use of antidepressants for people with bipolar disorder

helps combat depression more so than a mood stabilizer alone.

Treatment of acute stress disorder is

important, as it reduces the risk of developing PTSD.

Panic attacks are triggered in _____________________, the secondary anxiety is generated in the _____________________ and the goal-directed avoidance behavior is mediated by the _____________________.

locus coeruleus, limbic system, frontal cortex

The most prevalent psychiatric disorder in the U.S. is

major depressive disorder

According to Beck's theory, what is the correct order in terms of the development of depression?

negative schema, cognitive biases, depression

About 30 percent of those receiving outpatient therapy are diagnosed with an adjustment disorder. Some experts say adjustment disorders are:

overdiagnosed, because they are easy to apply to many problems and are less stigmatizing than other diagnoses

Dean was outside the parking garage when, out of nowhere, he suddenly felt overwhelming fear. Dean noticed that his fear increased. He started to feel out of control, and the intensity of the feelings seemed to reach a peak and then pass within a few minutes. This is an example of a

panic attack

A traumatic event is one part of a trauma-related disorder. The second part is how the person ____________________ and _________________________________.

perceives it; responds

Melody has been overly critical, complaining, and generally unpleasant to all those around her. She has not felt much energy, nor has she really been excited about anything for at least two years now. She occasionally cries, but mostly she just goes to work, comes home, and prepares for another day. She would most likely meet diagnostic criteria for which disorder?

persistent depressive disorder

Lydia finds herself pacing the floors, unable to sit still for any amount of time. She is restless in her chair, constantly getting up and down. In addition, she continuously shakes her foot and taps her fingers on the table. These behaviors can be characterized as _________________________.

psychomotor agitation

The first step in systematic desensitization treatment is

relaxation training

According to Beck, which of the following is an example of a cognitive distortion often found in depression?

selectively remembering more negative events than positive events

Recent trials of psychological treatment of bipolar disorder have shown that

there are several established treatments that can help people with bipolar disorder stay on medication and avoid hospitalization.

Lucy is considering taking an antidepressant that increases levels of serotonin and improves brain function for symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. She could expect that

this medication would lead to short-term relief, but relapse would occur if she stopped taking it.

Encephalitis : __________________________ :: Huntington's disease : __________________________

viral cause ; genetic cause

Trauma involving ___________________ is more likely to lead to a stress disorder than ___________________.

violence, natural disasters