Psych 7A Chapter 14
Researchers recently estimated that approximately ___ percent of adult Americans had suffered a clinically significant psychological disorder during the prior year
26
In which of the following disorders is a person continually tense, apprehensive, and in a state of autonomic arousal?
Generalized anxiety disorder
The surging rates of violent crime in Western nations during the past 40 years or so are best understood in terms of
a biospychosocial approach
Several weeks after being fired from a job he had held for more than 20 years, Landon awoke one morning in a state of bewildered confusion. He had little sense of who he was and even failed to recognize his wife. Landon's experience is most indicative of
a dissociative disorder
Phobias are most likely to be characterized by
a persistent, irrational fear of a specific object or situation
A lack of conscience is most characteristic of those who experience ____ disorder
antisocial personality
A post-traumatic stress disorder is considered to be a(n) ____ disorder
anxiety
Matt is restless and often jumps out of his seat or interferes with ongoing class activities in response to the sound of outside traffic. Matt most clearly exhibits symptoms of
attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
It is most helpful to use the _____ for explaining why certain psychological disorders occur only in particular cultures
biopsychosocial approach
Mania is most likely to be experienced by those suffering
bipolar disorder
Learned helplessness is most closely associated with
depression
The number one reason people seek mental health services is
depression
In a study by David Rosenhan, researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be "hearing voices". This study best illustrated the negative effects of
diagnostic labels
Dissociative disorders are most likely to be characterized by
disruptions in conscious awareness and sense of identity
Ongoing patterns of behavior that interfere with normal day to day life are best characterized as
dysfunctioal
The hallucinations experienced by those who suffer from schizophrenia are most likely to involve ____ things that are not there
hearing
A psychotherapist is most likely to use the SM-IV-TR in order to ____ various psychological disorders
identify
Personality disorders are best described as
inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning
In terms of neurotransmitter levels, depression is associated with
low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels
The conception of psychological disorders as biologically based sicknesses is known as the
medical model
Psychological disorders characterized by emotional extremes are called
mood disorders
An anxiety disorder characterized by unwanted repetitive thoughts and actions is called
obsessive compulsive disorder
Of all the twins who share identical genes with a schizophrenia victim, about ___ do not themselves develop schizophrenia
one half
Anxiety is considered disordered if it is
persistent and distressing
Psychiatrists and psychologists are most likely to consider socially unusual behavior as disordered if it is
personally distressing
Cancer survivors who develop a fresh delight in their children and savor the joy of each new day best illustrate
post traumatic growth
The chances for recovery from schizophrenia are considered to be greatest when the disorder develops
rapidly in response to a stressful life situation
Compulsions are best described as
repetitive behaviors
Which group of severe disorders is characterized by disorganized thinking, disturbed perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and actions?
schizophrenia
If individuals expect someone labeled as mentally ill to be hostile, they may act in unfriendly ways that provoke that person to respond with hostility. This illustrates the dangers of
self-fulfilling prophecies
Manuel is extremely shy and is so easily embarrassed when he is with other people that he often misses his college classes just to avoid social interactions. Manuel appears to suffer from
social phobia
A rape victim may experience a panic attack when she sees anyone wearing a coat that resembles the one worn by her attacker. This reaction best illustrates the process of
stimulus generalization
The vicious cycle of depression is often initiated by
stressful life experiences
To call psychological disorders "sicknesses" is especially likely to encourage research supporting
the medical model