psych ch 1 312 McG

The median age for menarche in Africa ranges from about ______ to ______ years.

14-17

Today, about ______% of teenagers report getting adequate sleep most nights.

25

what ethnic group is least likely to diet

African American girls

sexual maturation effects _____

An adolescent's self-image Sexual activity among adolescent boys How an adolescent is perceived by others

Early-maturing boys are more likely than their later-maturing peers to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Be truant from school Have academic problems Use drugs and alcohol Get involved in minor delinquency

Professor Dawson is interested in the influence of the broader environment on the timing and tempo of puberty. Which two sets of findings would be most helpful in his research?

Comparisons of the average age of menarche across countries Changes in the average age of menarche over time

Which of the following is a marker of the conclusion of puberty?

Epiphysis - the closing of the end bones of the body

Which of the following is an example of a behavioral change caused by hormone levels at puberty?

Exhibiting emotional and behavioral problems

______ are organs that stimulate particular parts of the body to respond in specific ways.

Glands

Which of the following factors likely contributes to the decline in the average age of puberty among American adolescents? (Select all that apply.)

Increased rates of obesity artificial light chemicals in cosmetics

Which of the following is true of the secular trend around the world?

It affects both industrialized and developing countries.

Why do researchers often use menarche to study group differences in pubertal maturation?

It can be measured more reliably than other indicators.

Which of the following best describes the purpose of the endocrine system?

It produces, circulates, and regulates levels of hormones.

Tori suffers from clinically significant disordered eating. This type of eating is also associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Poor interpersonal relationships Substance use Depression Poor body image

Which of the following is true of the effect of genetics on the timing of puberty?

Researchers have identified a specific gene sequence associated with pubertal timing

Identify the factors that contribute to teenagers' late-night bedtimes.

TV Electronic media Increased homework loads Extracurricular activities

Which of the following results from adrenarche?

The beginning of sexual maturation The development of body odor

Maturation of the adrenal glands is called

adrenarche

The Joneses are a White family with two children entering puberty. They can expect ______.

an increase in family conflict

Because of their physical maturation, early-maturing boys are ______.

are less likely to be supervised by their parents

Environmental exposure to ______ can suppress melatonin levels and hasten puberty.

artificial light

Girls who are most susceptible to feelings of dissatisfaction with their bodies during adolescence are those who ______.

begin dating early

The endocrine system receives its instructions to increase or decrease hormone levels from the

central nervous system

Chronic levels of the stress hormone ______ can cause brain cells to die.

cortisol

___ is a pattern of sleep characterized by later sleep and wake times, which usually emerges during puberty.

delayed phase pattern

what are puberty's 3 chief physical manifestations

development of primary sex characteristics development of secondary sex characteristics acceleration in growth in height in weight

If the ______ hypothesis is accurate, both girls and boys should experience more difficulty if they mature early than if they are on time or late, but the difficulty should be temporary.

developmental readiness

Which of the following are the sex hormones released by the ovaries?

estrogens

One possible explanation for the earlier maturation of girls in certain ethnic groups in the United States is differences in ______.

exposure to environmental chemicals

True or false: Black adolescent girls who mature early and are not dating are less likely to be depressed than those who are romantically involved.

false

True or false: Late-maturing boys experience psychological difficulties beyond the adolescent years due to their late maturation.

false

True or false: There is a strong relation between the age at which puberty begins and the rate at which pubertal development proceeds.

false

The HPG axis is an example of a(n) ____ correct loop.

feedback

A cycle through which two or more bodily functions respond to and regulate each other, such as that formed by the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the gonads, is called a ____________

feedback loop

Many of the hormones that play important roles at puberty carry their instructions by activating certain neurons in the brain, called ______ neurons.

gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Which of the following plays a part in stimulating the adolescent growth spurt?

growth hormones thyroid hormones androgens

Adult height and weight are best correlated with ______.

height and weight during childhood

Hormonal levels in the endocrine system are set at a certain level, which may differ depending on the stage of development. This is part of the ______.

hormonal feedback loop

The brain chemical believed to trigger the onset of puberty is called ____

kisspeptin

The sequence of development of sex characteristics among girls is (less/more) ___ regular than it is among boys.

less

Today, adolescent girls' attitudes toward menarche are (more/less) ____ negative than they appear to have been in the past.

less

physically mature kids are _____

more likely to have friends who are also physically mature.

The distancing effect of puberty on adolescent-parent relationships is ______.

not as consistently observed in ethnic minority families

in females, gonads are ________

ovaries

Obesity is most prevalent among ______.

poor youth

Neuroimaging studies show that individuals who are at risk for obesity show greater activation in the brain's ______.

reward centers

Researchers categorize the growth of pubic, facial, and body hair under the label of ______________ sex characteristics

secondary

During puberty, the development of breasts, the growth of facial and body hair, and changes in the voice are referred to as ___

secondary sex characteristics

When hormone levels reach the ______, the hypothalamus responds by inhibiting its stimulation of the pituitary gland.

set point

an ______ is a physiological level of setting that the body attempts to maintain through a self-regulating system.

set point

Cortisol is referred to as a __________ hormone

stress

Approximately one year after the growth of testes and the appearance of pubic hair in boys,

the growth spurt in height begins.

Today, young people reach puberty at earlier ages than in their grandparents' generation. This is known as the secular

trend