Psych Ch 24

Sleep deprivation can lead to weight gain, reduced muscle strength, suppression of the cells that fight common colds, and most likely which of the following? Increased feeling of well-being Sleep apnea Decreased mistakes on homework Increased productivity Depression

Depression

Which of the following is bad advice for a person trying to overcome insomnia? Avoid caffeine during the evening. Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime. Drink a glass of milk 15 minutes before bedtime. Avoid taking short naps during the day. Awaken at the same time every day even if you have had a restless night.

Drink a glass of wine 15 minutes before bedtime.

Which of the following dream theories states that dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories? Physiological function Neural activation Information-processing Neural disconnection Wish-fulfillment

Information-processing

After two nights without sleep, which of the following can be expected? An increase in night terrors Manifest content dreams Sleep apnea Narcolepsy REM rebound

REM rebound

Evidence suggests that we consolidate our memories of recent life events through dissociation. REM sleep hypnagogic sensations. neuroadaptation. parallel processing.

REM sleep

Brain regions that are active as rats learn to navigate a maze show similar activity patterns again as the rats later experience REM sleep. dissociation. hypnagogic sensations. NREM sleep. neuroadaptation.

REM sleep.

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________. NREM-2 sleep; NREM-1 sleep REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep delta waves; alpha waves NREM-3 sleep; NREM-2 sleep narcolepsy; sleep apnea

REM sleep; NREM-3 sleep

Which of the following is the best advice for a person concerned about occasional insomnia? Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime. Eat a big dinner late in the evening so you'll feel drowsy at bedtime. Be sure to sleep later than usual once you do get to sleep. Engage in some form of vigorous physical exercise shortly before bedtime. Relax with a drink of your favorite alcoholic beverage just before bedtime.

Relax and drink a glass of milk before bedtime.

Shortly after falling asleep, and hundreds of times during the night, Paola wakes up after a loud "snore" of breath, because she has stopped breathing. With which sleep disorder would she most likely be diagnosed? Nightmares Night terrors Sleep apnea Narcolepsy Insomnia

Sleep apnea

Which of the following is true of night terrors? They involve the temporary inability to breathe.T hey jolt the sleeper to a sudden state of full waking alertness. They are typically accompanied by a state of temporary muscular immobility or paralysis. They typically occur during NREM-3 sleep. They are usually recalled vividly for days following their occurrence.

They typically occur during NREM-3 sleep.

Daniel Kahneman and his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were most heavily influenced by a good night's sleep. job security. their ability to purchase luxury goods. weather conditions. dissociative episodes.

a good night's sleep.

Which theory suggests that dreams are mental responses to random bursts of neural stimulation? activation-synthesis theory paradoxical sleep theory social influence theory Freud's dream theory dissociation theory

activation-synthesis theory

As a participant in a sleep-research study for the past three nights, Tim has been repeatedly disturbed during REM sleep. Tonight, when allowed to sleep undisturbed, Tim will likely experience dissociation. sleep apnea. an increase in REM sleep. an increase in NREM sleep. insomnia.

an increase in REM sleep

Sleeptalking may occur during any stage of sleep. NREM-1 sleep REM NREM-3 sleep NREM-2 sleep

any stage of sleep.

Dreams often involve sudden emotional reactions and surprising changes in scene. This best serves to support the theory that dreams represent both latent content and manifest content. strengthen our memories of the preceding day's events. prepare us for the stress and challenges of the following day. are triggered by random bursts of neural activity. reflect one's level of cognitive development.

are triggered by random bursts of neural activity.

Prior to age 9, children's dreams seem more like a slide show and less like an active story in which the dreamer is an actor. This best illustrates that the content of dreams reflects children's night terrors. latent content. cognitive development. manifest content. psychological dependence.

cognitive development.

Sleep deprivation has been shown to increase attentiveness to highly motivating tasks. decrease narcolepsy. reduce hypertension. diminish immunity to disease. decrease tolerance and increase withdrawal.

diminish immunity to disease

One theory suggests that the brain activity associated with ________ is helpful for developing and preserving neural pathways in the brain. night terrors sleep apnea near-death experiences hypnagogic sensations dreaming

dreaming

The occurrence of REM rebound supports the notion that dreams are triggered by random bursts of neural activity. dreams help to solidify our memories of daytime experiences. as people grow older they need to spend progressively more time dreaming. dreams represent unconscious wishes and anxieties. humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep.

humans, like most other mammals, need REM sleep.

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time. increase; decrease increase; increase stay the same; stay the same decrease; increase decrease; decrease

increase; decrease

Research indicates that the percentage of total sleep spent in REM sleep is higher in ________ than in ________. artists; scientists higher economic classes; lower economic classes older adults; adolescents infants; adults females; males

infants; adults

Layla has difficulty going to sleep and staying asleep. Layla is most likely suffering from insomnia. sleep apnea. paradoxical sleep. night terrors. hypnagogic sleep.

insomnia.

According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to the sensory stimuli in the sleeping environment that are incorporated into the dream. its underlying but censored meaning. the story line of our dreams. its accompanying brain-wave pattern. the previous day's events that prompted the dream.

its underlying but censored meaning.

Josef, a high school student, tells his therapist that he has had a recurring dream in which he hunts and kills a ferocious tiger. The therapist explains that the dream reflects Josef's unresolved feelings of hostility toward his father. According to Freud, the therapist is revealing the possible ________ content of Josef's dream. manifest delta dissociated latent circadian

latent

Sigmund Freud believed that a dream's _____ content reflected the deep, underlying meaning of the dream. circadian dissociative manifest cognitive latent

latent

Greg remembered a recent dream in which his girlfriend suddenly grabbed the wheel of his speeding car. Greg's therapist suggested that the dream might be a representation of the girlfriend's efforts to avoid sexual intimacy. According to Freud, the therapist was attempting to reveal the ________ of Greg's dream. latent content neuroadaptation NREM cycle manifest content circadian rhythm

latent content

According to Freud, the personally threatening and censored meaning of a dream is its social influence. latent content. hallucinatory content. dissociated content. manifest content.

latent content.

The emotional tone of our dreams is especially likely to be influenced by activation of the ________ during REM sleep. limbic system pineal gland MDMA area sensory cortex frontal lobes

limbic system

As Inge recalled her dream, she was dancing with a tall, dark gentleman when suddenly the music shifted to loud rock and the man disappeared. According to Freud, Inge's account represents the ________ content of her dream. hypnagogic hallucinatory manifest latent paradoxical

manifest

Freud called the remembered story line of a dream its ________ content. delusional paradoxical latent manifest dissociated

manifest

Shane, a straight-A student, remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test. According to Freud, Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream. paradoxical delusional dissociated manifest latent

manifest

The best indication that dreaming serves a necessary biological function is provided by the fact that the disruption of REM sleep leads to narcolepsy.sexual tension is naturally discharged during REM sleep. most mammals experience REM rebound. most dreams are psychologically meaningless. manifest content often replaces latent content in NREM dreams.

most mammals experience REM rebound

The lack of the neurotransmitter orexin has been linked to which of the following? sleep apnea paradoxical sleep sleepwalking insomnia narcolepsy

narcolepsy

Which of the following sleep disorders would have the most negative impact for a commercial bus driver? sleepwalking night terrors sleep apnea insomnia narcolepsy

narcolepsy

About three hours after he falls asleep, Bobby often sits up in bed screaming incoherently. His mother tries to awaken him, but with no success. His pulse races and he gasps for breath. The next morning, he remembers nothing. It appears that Bobby suffers from narcolepsy. sleep apnea. insomnia. sleep spindles. night terrors.

night terrors.

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote insomnia. obesity. withdrawal. night terrors. sleep apnea.

obesity.

Research studies of the content of dreams indicate that hypnosis increases the amount of time we spend in NREM sleep, which interferes with dreams. the genital arousal that occurs during sleep is typically related to sexual dreams. most dreams are pleasant, exotic, and unrelated to ordinary daily life. men are less likely than women to report dreams with sexual overtones. people are more likely to dream of failure than of success.

people are more likely to dream of failure than of success.

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams. some people experience insomnia throughout their lives. people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep. most dreams are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events. dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolically disguised form.

people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.

Some researchers suggest that the brain activity associated with REM sleep provides the sleeping brain with periodic stimulation. This finding supports which of the following dream theories? developmental information-processing physiological wish-fulfillment activation-synthesis

physiological

Obesity is a risk factor for developing which of the following sleep disorders? night terrors sleep talking sleepwalking insomnia sleep apnea

sleep apnea

Mr. Dayton occasionally stops breathing while sleeping. He wakes up to snort air for a few seconds before falling back to sleep. Mrs. Dayton complains that her husband snores. Clearly, Mr. Dayton suffers from aphasia. night terrors. insomnia. narcolepsy. sleep apnea.

sleep apnea.

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds spend less time in NREM-1 sleep. spend less time in deep sleep. complete REM rebound more often. spend more time in paradoxical sleep. complete the sleep cycle more slowly.

spend less time in deep sleep.

REM rebound involves the replacement of REM sleep with NREM sleep. unusual symptoms of tiredness and irritability that follow periods of REM sleep deprivation. tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation. increase in REM sleep that characteristically follows intense learning episodes or stressful daytime experiences. tendency for REM sleep periods to become increasingly longer and more frequent as a normal night of sleep progresses.

tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.

Sleep apnea is a disorder involving the cessation of breathing during sleep. periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness. the excessive use of sleeping pills or other sleep-inducing drugs. screams and panic during deep sleep. hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating weightlessly.

the cessation of breathing during sleep.

After suffering a trauma, people commonly report an increase in narcolepsy. threatening dreams. the hollow face illusion. apnea. latent content.

threatening dreams.

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to night terrors. viral infections. dissociation. sleep apnea. insomnia.

viral infections

People with sleep apnea do not recall being awake and gasping for air, then falling back to sleep. Which of the following best explains this phenomenon? Activity in the limbic system is inhibited during REM sleep. The hormone orexin, which is lacking in such patients, hinders the consolidation of memory. Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory. The free radicals produced during sleep weaken unused neural connections and affect memory formation. Dreams that occur during NREM sleep are rarely recalled.

Anything that happens during the 5 minutes just before we fall asleep is typically lost from memory.