Psych Chapter 4 Test

Which of the following is NOT true about psychoactive drugs?

All of them produce physical dependence in users

_________________ suppress the sensation of pain by binding to and stimulating the nervous system's natural receptor sites for endorphins.

Narcotics

Clay told his therapist about a dream he had in which he was flying on an airplane, but he was unaware of his destination. Clay's therapist explained that the flying in his dream, in its latent context, represents freedom and independence from his parents; and the unknown destination exemplifies a sense of fear and doubt from no longer having parents as guides. Clay's therapist appears to be using _________ to explain his dream.

a Freudian psychoanalytic interpretation

A hallucination that happens just as a person is in the between-state of being in REM sleep and not-yet-fully awake is:

a hypnopompic hallucination

Opium and its derivatives, morphine and heroin, duplicate the action of which of the following?

endorphins

Rawnelle had a dream last night that she was floating down a river in a boat with no oars. According to her therapist, this means that she feels out of control in some area of her life. According to Freud, the latent content of her dream would be _________________________.

feeling out of control in some area of her life

Which is the most common sleep disorder?

insomnia

Debbie's psychoanalyst tells her that the monster in her dream symbolizes her abusive father. He is discussing the dream's:

latent content

In studies in which volunteers spend several days without access to information about day or night, their sleep-wake cycles:

lengthened

In a study on sleep deprivation, Dr. Smith of Trent University in Canada found that college students who stayed out late partying on a Friday night ________________.

lost 30% of the information they learned in classes just two days earlier

If you are dreaming that a monster is chasing you, the monster is the:

manifest content

As _______________________ accumulates in the body, a person will begin to feel sleepy

melatonin

Which of the following was actually used as an insecticide in the 1920s and 1930s?

nicotine

Jonah is often a victim of bad dreams, frequently centered around being left at a store or getting lost at an amusement park. He sometimes wakes up from them, and calls for his parents to help him calm down. Jonah is experiencing:

nightmares

The social-cognitive theory of hypnosis assumes that people who are hypnotized are:

only playing a role

Alcoholism has been linked to:

osteoporosis

Withdrawal is a sign of:

physical dependence on a drug

Dr. Elmer believes that sleep is needed to replenish the body's natural chemicals lost during daily activity. Dr. Elmer's belief of why we sleep relates most closely to the ______________ theory of sleep.

restorative

Paul is a snorer who sometimes gasps for air while sleeping. Paul mostly likely suffers from:

sleep apnea

An example of a biological rhythm is:

the beat of the heart

Freud used dreams as a way to get at patients':

unconscious conflicts stemming from childhood

In what state of consciousness are our thoughts and feelings most organized and clear?

waking consciousness

On Sara's walk to campus one morning, she was thinking about what a nice day it was, how many people were already on campus, and how she had to stop by the bookstore on her way to class. Sara was experiencing:

waking consciousness

How long does Stage 1 of our sleep cycle normally last?

5 minutes

How many minutes is the rest/activity cycle that is controlled partially by an internal clock in the anterior hypothalamus?

90

___________________ dependence is the most common in the United States after alcohol and nicotine.

Cannabis

_________________________ works to change the way people think about the stresses in their lives and react to those stressors, working toward more effective coping without using drugs such as heroin.

Cognitive-behavioral intervention

Which of the following is TRUE about REM sleep?

It is when 90 percent of dreams occur.

Why were the findings of the meditation and brain plasticity study so novel?

It showed that meditation has the power to physically change our brains and that it continues to be beneficial even when we are in a non-meditative state

Nina has planned on "tripping" tonight and is planning on ingesting a drug that is synthesized from a grain fungus called ergot. What will Nina be putting into her body tonight?

LSD

A hypnic jerk is likely to occur during:

N1 (R&K Stage 1)

Derek was lying on the couch and had fallen asleep when all of a sudden his body jerked and he woke up because he felt like he was falling. Derek was most likely in which stage of sleep?

N1 (R&K Stage 1)

So-called supernatural visitations can be explained by hypnogogic hallucinations common during:

N1 (R&K Stage 1)

The heart rate slows, breathing becomes more shallow and irregular, and an EEG would show the first signs of sleep spindles in:

N2 (R&K Stage 2)

Delta waves are predominant in which stage of sleep?

N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4)

The body is at its lowest level of functioning during:

N3 (R&K Stages 3 and 4)

__________________ is a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares.

REM behavior disorder

If the brain-wave pattern of a person playing a professional game of chess was recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG), what type of brain waves are most likely to be detected?

beta

Natural cycles of activity that bodies must go through are called:

biological rhythms

What causes sleep apnea?

blocked breathing passages

How is insomnia best treated?

caffeine and alcohol reduction and increase in exercise

A sudden loss of muscle tone is called:

cataplexy

For which of the following would hypnosis probably be most effective?

controlling pain

Astor wanted to try marijuana to experience the effects of which of the following class of drugs?

hallucinogen

According to researchers, men tend to:

have more physical aggression in their dreams than women

When a person is slightly sleep deprived, ______________ tasks will suffer less than ___________ tasks.

more complex; simple

Niles has begun to fall asleep suddenly during the day, sometimes in inappropriate places. Niles is most likely suffering from:

narcolepsy

Ecstasy is classified as a:

stimulatory hallucinogenic

Last night, Kayla thought she was awakened by a noise she heard outside of her bedroom door. As she tried to get up to see what was going on, she couldn't move. She tried to scream out and couldn't make a sound. After several minutes, she was finally able to sit up and wondered what had just happened. The best explanation for Kayla's experience, according to sleep researchers, is that she experienced ______.

sleep paralysis during REM sleep

The ___________________ of hypnosis suggests that people who are hypnotized are not in an altered state, but are playing the role expected of them in that situation.

social-cognitive theory