psych chapter 7

your professor asks you to get up in front of the class and repeat a long list of numbers that he or she reads to you. According to George Miller, what is the longest list of numbers you will most likely be able to remember?

7

Austin can't remember Jack Smith's name because he wasn't paying attention when Jack was formally introduced. Austin's poor memory is best explained in terms of

encoding failure

which brain region is responsible for episodic memory

frontal lobes

A teenager was given a new phone as a gift and thought the old phone should be thrown away, not realizing that the old phone could be used as a music player to avoid taking up space on the new phone. this example illustrates

functional fixedness

The Vietnamese Language has the sound that goes with the letters NG at the beginning of words, including names. Americans have difficulty hearing and speaking that sound. that sound is a kind of

phoneme

Rats given a drug that enhances long-term potentiation (LTP) will learn a maze with half the usual number of mistakes. This suggests that

LTP provides a neural basis for learning and remembering associations

for more than 30 years, the most influential researcher into eyewitness memory has been____.

Loftus

concepts are ideas that represent

a class or category of objects, events, or activities

while reading a novel at the rate of about 500 words per minute, Meghan effortlessly understands almost every word. this ability highlights the importance of

automatic processing

a teenager believes very strongly that a particular basketball player should not play on his favorite team. over the course of the season, the teenager focuses on every mistake, turnover, and missed shot the player makes. however, the teen doesn't notice how well the player passes, help the other teammates and rebounds. this teenager's behavior illustrates which of the following?

confirmation bias

Walking into your bedroom you think, "I need to get my backpack in the kitchen." When you reach the kitchen, you forget what you came there for. As you return to your bedroom, you suddenly remember, "Backpack!" This sudden recall is best explained by

context effect

According to Benjamin Whorf's linguistic relativity hypothesis, which of the following is true?

different languages predispose those individuals who speak them to think about the world in different ways

students often remember more info from a course that spans an entire semester than from a course that is completed in an intensive three-week learning period. this best illustrates the importance of

distributed practice

explicit memories are processed by the

hippocampus

Noam Chomsky's view of language purposes that

people have an inherent language acquisition device

the tendency for people to persist is using problem-solving patterns that have worked for them in the past is known as____

mental set

when confronted with the sequence "____N_____" at the end of a word in a crossword puzzle, Tony inserts the letters "I" and "G" in the two blanks because that procedure has led to the correct answer in previous puzzles. this example illustrates use of

mental set

which of the follow is not an example of effortful processing

parallel processing

when Elizabeth Loftus asked observers of a filmed car accident how fast the vehicles were going when they "smashed" into each other rather than "hit" or "contacted" each other, the observers developed memories of the accident that

portrayed the event as more serious than it had actually been

Under most circumstances, when you are intentionally trying to remember an item of information, _________ is an easier task than _________.

recognition; recall

Janie is taking an exam in her history class. On the exam, there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the four major cases of World War I. Janie remembers three of them. She knows there is a fourth but time is up. As Janie is walking down the stairs, all of a sudden, she remembers the fourth cause, but it is too late. Janie had a problem with

retrieval

______ is retention of memory for some period of time

storage

flashbulb memories

usually concern events that are emotionally charged

iconic memory is to echoic memory as

visual stimulation is to auditory stimulation

_____ is synonymous with short-term memory

woking memory