Psych Chapters 1 & 2

subjects' levels of honesty

A survey would be least useful in determining the

parasympathetic

After finishing a psychology test, you try to relax by engaging in some meditation techniques. Doing these exercises should increase the response of the _____ nervous system, which results in a slower heart and respiration rate and less muscular tension.

parasympathetic

After taking her English final, Natalie attempts to relax in her chair by meditating. She is attempting to reduce her heart and respiration rates, as well as her muscular tension. In this scenario, her physiological relaxation can be best attributed to the functioning of her _____ nervous system

behavioral

Annette is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety. Dr. Benson's treatment plan for Annette focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears. In this scenario, Dr. Benson adheres most closely to the _____ approach to psychology

complexity

Ashley, a secretary at Plato Inc., is typing on her computer, talking on the phone, and handing some papers to her colleague simultaneously. Which of the following characteristics of the nervous system is best illustrated in this scenario?

demand characteristics

Aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave are known as

experimenter bias

Brian conducts a study to examine the ability of boys and girls in solving difficult mathematical problems. He expects girls to perform much better than boys and communicates his expectation to the participants in a subtle manner. This is an example of

experimenter bias and participant bias

Dr. Aoki used double-blind procedures in his experiments to reduce the potential for

psychodynamic

During a therapy session, Mrs. Brown's therapist, Donald, asks Mrs. Brown about her dreams because he believes that they are a key to her unconscious mind. In this scenario, Donald is most likely using the _____ approach to psychology

socioculturalist

Elixir Inc. has a recruitment policy that favors hiring people from minority groups. To ensure that its diverse workforce helps rather than hinders business development, Elixir is seeking the guidance of a psychologist. Keeping its needs in mind, Elixir will most likely hire a(n)

adrenal

Ellie has recently experienced irregular mood swings. Her energy level has decreased and she seems to have greater difficulty coping with stress. Based on her symptoms, it seems as though Ellie may have problems with her _____ glands

electroencephalograph

Harry has been diagnosed with epilepsy by his neurologist. Which of the following should the neurologist use to assess Harry's epilepsy by studying his brain-wave activity?

sociocultural

If a psychologist studies about the behavioral differences between people from two religions, he or she is most likely following the _____ approach to psychology

structures/introspection

If you were a psychologist who adopted the structuralism approach, you would be interested in the _____ of the mind, using _____ as your primary research method

confounds

In correlations research, third variables are also called

too much glutamate

Melinda suffers from migraine headaches and seizures. In the context of neurotransmitter functioning, which of the following most likely plays a significant role in her symptoms?

corpus callosum

Neurosurgeons can reduce the unbearable seizures some epileptics experience by severing the

adaptability

Plasticity best reflects which of the following characteristics of the nervous system?

positive correlation

Professor Jordan has suggested to his students that as study time increases, grades increase. The professor is describing a

positron emission tomography (PET scan)

Stern Tyler, a neuroscientist who is collecting data for a new research study, uses techniques for monitoring the amount of glucose in various areas of the brain. Which of the following methods is Stern Tyler using in this study?

He will probably be unable retain any new conscious memories

Steven was in a serious automobile accident that caused a severe injury to his hippocampus. What type of problem is Steven likely to experience as a result of this brain injury?

cognitive/behavioral

The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system. This view contrasts with the _____ approach to psychology, which focuses on an organism's visible interactions with the environment

action potential

The brief wave of positive electrical charge that sweeps down the axon is

nucleus

The cell body contains the _____, which directs the manufacture of substances that a neuron needs for growth and maintenance

descriptive

The goal of _____ research is to determine the basic definitions and dimensions of the phenomenon under investigation

speech and grammar

The left hemisphere of the brain plays an important role in managing or regulating

speed up the transmission of nerve impulses

Which of the following is a function of the myelin sheath?

It examines neuronal functioning following brain-injuring events

Which of the following is true of the brain-imaging technique known as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)?

Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and emotions

Which of the following statements about critical thinking is FALSE?

Amy, a 30-year-old teacher, who is in shock after a car wreck

Who among the following is most likely to have elevated levels of endorphins?

structuralism

Wilhelm Wundt's approach to discovering the basic elements of mental processes is called

double-blind experiment

allows researchers to distinguish the specific effects of the independent variable from the possible effects of the experimenter's and participants' expectations about it

DNA

complex molecule in the cell's chromosomes that carries genetic information

myelin sheath

layer of fat cells that insulates most axons and speeds up the transmission of nerve impulses

double-blind experiment

neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated

longitudinal designs

provide ways by which correlational researchers may attempt to demonstrate causal relations among variables, even though the causal relationship may still be somewhat unclear