Psych Exam 2

_____ maturation in boys tends to produce boys who are more self-assured, popular, and independent.

Early

Which psychologist studied the development of taste aversions and how they could not be explained by the basic principles of classical conditioning?

John Garcia

In psychologist Robert Rescorla's classical conditioning experiment, one group of rats experienced a tone just before each of 20 shocks. A second group of rats experienced the same number of tone-shock pairings plus an additional 20 shocks with no tone. Rescorla found that the rats in the first group showed a much stronger conditioned fear response than the rats in the second group. How did Rescorla explain this finding?

The tone was a more reliable predictor of the shock for the first group of rats.

Ted is a mildly autistic adult who has difficulty empathizing with the feelings of others and inferring what emotions another person might be experiencing. Some theorists would speculate that this is because Ted has:

a broken mirror neuron system.

In using operant conditioning principles to train animals to perform tricks, Keller and Marian Breland found that:

an animal's inborn or instinctive behavior patterns could interfere with the operant conditioning of new behaviors.

Repeated exposure to graphic violence in movies, television, and violent video games may increase the likelihood of imitation of violent behavior and also tends to:

cause desensitization to observed violence.

Taste aversion is a real-life example of which of the following types of learning?

classical conditioning

The predictability of an association between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and an unconditioned stimulus (US) facilitates an organism's ability to expect or anticipate the occurrence of the US. This fact is most likely to be highlighted by a _____ perspective.

cognitive

Keller Breland and Marian Breland trained pigs to pick up large wooden "dollars" and deposit them in a piggy bank. Later the pigs would revert to their natural behavior: dropping the coin, pushing it with their snouts as pigs are prone to do, picking it up again, and then repeating the sequence-delaying their food reinforcer. The Brelands referred to the reason for this behavior as:

instinctive drift.

Learning by imitating the behavior of others is called _____ learning. The researcher best known for studying this type of learning is _____.

observational; Bandura

The concept of latent learning helps to demonstrate that:

rewards affect performance of what has been learned rather than the process of learning itself.

Four-year-old Katie observed Maggie, two years younger, begin to cry when she fell down. Katie immediately ran over to Maggie and patted her on the back and told her everything would be alright. She even began to cry herself. Katie's ability to infer Maggie's mental and emotional state is an example of:

theory of mind