Psych exam 7

Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level?

Following orders from an authority figure

Which of the following best describes the relation of money to subjective well-being?

Money can boost happiness, but it does not guarantee it, and can interfere with happiness if a person values money too much.

What part do negative feelings play in subjective well-being?

Negative feelings are functional and should be experienced as appropriate but only some of the time

The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process?

Normative influence

When people are worried about what others think of them and decide to go along with the crowd is known as what?

Normative influence

If a researcher is studying how people react to a command of an authority figure, then he/she are most likely studying what?

Obedience

What is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors?

Persuasion

___________ relies on psychological techniques; whereas, ______________ emphasizes communicating objective information.

The peripheral route processing; the central route processing

According to research what is one of the most stressful events in a person's life?

When they experience a loss of a relationship.

Jacinta believes that people who are military veterans are all brave, honorable and respectable. These beliefs represent a(n) ______ that she has for veterans.

attitude

The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person.

attraction

Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?

inoculation

Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group?

observing just one person disagreeing with the majority

________ are opinions, feelings, and beliefs that a person holds about another person, a concept, or a group.

Attitudes

Which of the following is NOT part of the proposed Triad of Trustworthiness?

Attractiveness

The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called?

Conformity

Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?

Descriptive norm

What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms?

Descriptive norms

What are some factors that increase social integration?

Large support network and many social roles in a community

When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of:

reciprocity

Which is NOT one of the routes of processing?

sequential

What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world?

social cognition

Much of what we do, as individuals in society, is a reflection of:

those we encounter

In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer.

76%

Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram?

All are correct

What is it when behaviors provide an advantage or disadvantage to people based on group membership?

Discrimination

__________-focused coping is when one regulates their emotional reaction to stress, and _____________-focused coping is addressing the stressful event.

Emotion; problem

Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience and more recent replications have shown that:

Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies which was approximately 65% of participants.

Lulu has never been to the United States and is unsure what behavior is socially appropriate in certain situations. As a result, she conforms by going along with the crowd in order to understand the norm. Which of the following terms BEST describes this example?

Informational influence

What does happiness result from?

Internal and external causes

Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer? (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")

They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.

What is the most accurate statement about stress and health?

Those highly stressed are more likely to get sick

What factors increase your susceptibility to social proof?

Uncertainty and similarity

What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness?

Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors

Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique?

Word of mouth

Prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination:

can occur independently but are related

What is the highest level of analysis in psychology?

culture and the environment

Devin is interviewing candidates to work at the cash register in his convenience store. When Margaret applies, she indicates on her application that she has been in rehab for drug addiction, and that she has been clean and sober for over 3 years. Devin decides not to hire her, because he thinks people with drug habits are not trustworthy. Devin's actions are demonstrating ______.

discrimination

Which type of coping regulates the negative emotions associated with stressful events?

emotion-focused coping

Of all the possible stress reduction techniques which of the following has the most health benefits?

exercise

The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?

fixed action patterns (FAPs)

The tendency to overemphasize the importance of personality factors when explaining someone else's behaviors while overemphasizing situational factors when explaining your own behaviors, is called the ______.

fundamental attribution error

Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?

have the speaker present his/her message as educational or objective information

Which research method is used in social psychology to avoid the problem of having participants change their thoughts or behaviors as a result of being watched?

naturalistic observation

Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:

not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened

In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of analysis has this scientist made his observations?

physiology

Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week.

social proof

Examples of external or bottom-up causes of subjective well-being include:

sufficient material resources, sufficient social resources, and living in a desirable society

Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?

sunk costs

The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it

takes advantage of your need to be consistent.

Jessica thinks the guy who cut her off on the freeway is a jerk. When she needs to exist herself, she cuts off the driver next to her as she switches lanes. She does not believe that she, herself, is a jerk; instead she thinks the situation led to her behavior. This is an example of:

the fundamental attribution error

Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?

word of mouth