Psych exam 7
Milgram's obedience study demonstrated what factor in participants willing to shock others to an extreme level?
Following orders from an authority figure
Which of the following best describes the relation of money to subjective well-being?
Money can boost happiness, but it does not guarantee it, and can interfere with happiness if a person values money too much.
What part do negative feelings play in subjective well-being?
Negative feelings are functional and should be experienced as appropriate but only some of the time
The line study conducted by Asch is a prime example of what process?
Normative influence
When people are worried about what others think of them and decide to go along with the crowd is known as what?
Normative influence
If a researcher is studying how people react to a command of an authority figure, then he/she are most likely studying what?
Obedience
What is the process by which a message induces change in beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors?
Persuasion
___________ relies on psychological techniques; whereas, ______________ emphasizes communicating objective information.
The peripheral route processing; the central route processing
According to research what is one of the most stressful events in a person's life?
When they experience a loss of a relationship.
Jacinta believes that people who are military veterans are all brave, honorable and respectable. These beliefs represent a(n) ______ that she has for veterans.
attitude
The study of ______, which is a major topic of focus for social psychologists, examines the psychological process involved in having a sexual interest in another person.
attraction
Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?
inoculation
Research on social pressure and conformity suggests which of the following factors can help individuals resist conformity in a group?
observing just one person disagreeing with the majority
________ are opinions, feelings, and beliefs that a person holds about another person, a concept, or a group.
Attitudes
Which of the following is NOT part of the proposed Triad of Trustworthiness?
Attractiveness
The tendency to act like those around us and be influenced by what they do is called?
Conformity
Kelly is at a college party and notices everyone is drinking. She concludes that the majority of students on campus must also drink alcohol frequently. What would we call Kelly's perception of what most people are doing?
Descriptive norm
What do we rely on in situations in which there are no clear societal norms?
Descriptive norms
What are some factors that increase social integration?
Large support network and many social roles in a community
When a bartender offers you a free taste, you feel obligated to purchase the drink. This is an example of:
reciprocity
Which is NOT one of the routes of processing?
sequential
What is the area of social psychology that focuses on how people think about others and about the social world?
social cognition
Much of what we do, as individuals in society, is a reflection of:
those we encounter
In Asch's line study roughly _______ of participants gave at least one wrong answer.
76%
Which factor decreased the rates of obedience in studies conducted by Milgram?
All are correct
What is it when behaviors provide an advantage or disadvantage to people based on group membership?
Discrimination
__________-focused coping is when one regulates their emotional reaction to stress, and _____________-focused coping is addressing the stressful event.
Emotion; problem
Stanley Milgram's studies on obedience and more recent replications have shown that:
Female participants obediently shocked the experimental victim at a rate similar to males in the Milgram and other studies which was approximately 65% of participants.
Lulu has never been to the United States and is unsure what behavior is socially appropriate in certain situations. As a result, she conforms by going along with the crowd in order to understand the norm. Which of the following terms BEST describes this example?
Informational influence
What does happiness result from?
Internal and external causes
Why do some salespeople try to start a new interaction by asking for something small from a potential customer? (e.g., "Just answer one quick question")
They know getting small acts of cooperation may lead to larger actions in the same direction.
What is the most accurate statement about stress and health?
Those highly stressed are more likely to get sick
What factors increase your susceptibility to social proof?
Uncertainty and similarity
What is one of the implications of the Triad of Trustworthiness?
Without carefully considering the facts, people will believe someone high on the three factors
Listening to your friend's advice for the best place to get ice cream over an ad that states the same place as the best ice cream shop in town is based on what technique?
Word of mouth
Prejudices, stereotypes, and discrimination:
can occur independently but are related
What is the highest level of analysis in psychology?
culture and the environment
Devin is interviewing candidates to work at the cash register in his convenience store. When Margaret applies, she indicates on her application that she has been in rehab for drug addiction, and that she has been clean and sober for over 3 years. Devin decides not to hire her, because he thinks people with drug habits are not trustworthy. Devin's actions are demonstrating ______.
discrimination
Which type of coping regulates the negative emotions associated with stressful events?
emotion-focused coping
Of all the possible stress reduction techniques which of the following has the most health benefits?
exercise
The peripheral route to persuasion takes advantage "trigger features" that activate sequential behavior in animals and humans. What is this sequence of behavior called?
fixed action patterns (FAPs)
The tendency to overemphasize the importance of personality factors when explaining someone else's behaviors while overemphasizing situational factors when explaining your own behaviors, is called the ______.
fundamental attribution error
Which of the following is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?
have the speaker present his/her message as educational or objective information
Which research method is used in social psychology to avoid the problem of having participants change their thoughts or behaviors as a result of being watched?
naturalistic observation
Persuasion is most effective when individuals are:
not feeling that their freedom to make a choice is threatened
In order to study fear, a neuroscientist connects Natalie to an electroencephalograph (EEG) and then shows her a brief video of scary animals. These include wasps, snakes, and alligators. He then observes at Natalie shows activation in her amygdala. At which level of analysis has this scientist made his observations?
physiology
Ben is playing basketball with his friends one day when he notices everyone else has name brand shoes. He is uncertain how the quality of his shoes compares to his friends but because of __________ he feels pressure to conform and ends up buying name brand shoes for himself by the following week.
social proof
Examples of external or bottom-up causes of subjective well-being include:
sufficient material resources, sufficient social resources, and living in a desirable society
Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?
sunk costs
The reason that a "foot-in-the-door" sales pitch technique works is that it
takes advantage of your need to be consistent.
Jessica thinks the guy who cut her off on the freeway is a jerk. When she needs to exist herself, she cuts off the driver next to her as she switches lanes. She does not believe that she, herself, is a jerk; instead she thinks the situation led to her behavior. This is an example of:
the fundamental attribution error
Yolanda is hosting a jewelry party during which her friends will come to her home and (hopefully) buy jewelry that she recommends. In this situation, there are many different ways in which perceptions of trustworthiness are being manipulated. Which of the following best describes why Yolanda might be successful in selling jewelry?
word of mouth