Psych Final

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified?

Archetype

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's second stage of psychosexual development, in which a sense of independence in many tasks develops?

Autonomy vs shame/doubt

Kaz wants to stop biting his nails, so he rubs a strong bitter paste under his nails to make his nails taste bad. What technique is Kaz using to stop biting his nails?

Aversive conditioning

Marcy is 15 months old, and her father is insensitive and inattentive her needs. Marcy reacts to him the same way she reacts to a stranger—she doesn't care if he leaves the room and when he returns she is slow to notice or react. What kind of attachment is this?

Avoidant

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.

Free association

When people reach their 40s, they enter the time known as middle adulthood, which extends to the mid-60s. This involves finding their life's work and contributing to the development of others through activities such as volunteering, mentoring, and raising children. What is the primary developmental task of this stage?

Generativity vs stagnation

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness.

26%

18-month-old Gordon learned the schema for apples. When Gordon sees tomatoes at the grocery store, he says, "Look mommy, apples!" His mother tells him that the food he sees at the store is a tomato, not an apple. He now has separate schemata for tomatoes and apples. This exemplifies ________.

Accomodation

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively.

Become neurotic strategies

The ________ is demonstrated by the attack on Kitty Genovese.

Bystander effect

Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied?

Children who are different from others are most likely to be bullied

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________.

Cognitive-behavioral therapy

During the ________ stage, children understand events and analogies logically, and they can perform simple mathematical operations.

Concrete operational

Mona works at a bank. When Luis, a Colombian man, arrives to drop off his paycheck she pretends to be busy and directs him to another teller. She does this whenever a non-White person wants assistance. This is an example of ________.

Discrimination

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________.

Dissociative fugue

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________.

Five Factor Model

People view the Environmental Protection Agency as competent and believe they know correct information regarding what individuals should do to protect the environment, so they possess ________ social influence when it comes to enforcing a group norm of recycling.

Informational

Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?

People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt.

Persona

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. While she was on patrol with her friend, an IED went off, killing her friend and injuring her. In the two months since her friend died, Cordelia has been jumpy, irritable, avoids talking about her friend, and once every few days experiences a flashback to the explosion. Cordelia is experiencing a ________ disorder.

Posttraumatic stress

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?

Psychiatric hospitals

Heather and Mike share the household chores as equally as possible. They take turns with the cooking and driving their son to daycare. Both of them work outside the home, and each of them takes responsibility for child care one night a week to give the other one a break. We can say that their relationship has ________.

Reciprocity

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify?

Regression

________ have over 85% of the l,669 federally designated mental health professional shortage areas.

Rural areas

Francis takes his six-month-old daughter to daycare. A substitute provider is there, and his daughter begins crying. She clings to her father and hides her face. What does this exemplify?

Stranger anxiety

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior?

Tyler visits his aunt once a week to bring her groceries

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament?

Yellow bile from the liver

What is the just-world hypothesis?

an ideology common in the US that people get the outcomes they deserve

Etiology is another word for ________.

causes

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Electroconvulsive therapy is effective in alleviating symptoms for people with ________.

severe depression who have not responded to traditional drug therapy

Due to Dominique' s obsessive-compulsive disorder, she may ________.

wash her hands every 10 minutes throughout the day

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away.

Disorganized thinking

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder

Dissociative identity

Jory, a six year old, is picking out a card for his mother's birthday. He picks the card with a picture of Lightning McQueen, reasoning that since he loves Cars his mother does to. What does this exemplify?

Egocentrism

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. Miguel probably suffers from ________.

Generalized anxiety disorder

Breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy.

Group

Stavros is arrested for drunk driving. His prison sentence includes attending therapy sessions to treat alcohol addiction. He doesn't want to attend these sessions, but his sentence will be extended if he doesn't attend them. What kind of treatment does this describe?

Involuntary

Which of the following is a benefit of group therapy?

It can decrease a client's shame and isolation about a problem

The concept conservation refers to ________.

Knowing that even if you can change the appearance of something, it is still equal in size as long as nothing has been removed or added

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is experiencing ________.

Mania

When Fay feels anxious, she retreats to her closet with a flashlight, using the closet as a private hideaway. What coping strategy is Fay using?

Moving away from people

Which of the following is an example of a diathesis-stress model? Ozzie treats his depression by exposing himself to a series of stressors so he can learn coping skills. Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died. Ozzie treats his manic episodes by using medication to induce depression. Ozzie's doctor does not believe that mental illness has a biological basis.

Ozzie has a genetic predisposition towards depression, but he did not experience depression until his mother and father died

Rochelle has a glass of Kool-Aid. She pours her Kool-Aid into a toy teacup, and then she pours the Kool-Aid from the teacup into a beer stein. She then pours it from the beer stein back into the original glass. She knows the amount of Kool-Aid has not substantially changed. What does this exemplify?

Reversibility

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles.

Rorschach

Penny gets an acting job on Friday that she attributes to her good acting. She doesn't get the next acting job; therefore, she blames the casting director for not wanting to hire a woman. This is an example of ________.

Self-serving bias

During Jean Piaget's ________ stage, the world is experienced through senses and actions.

Sensorimotor

Who called the stages of development psychosexual stages?

Sigmund Freud

In California, undocumented migrants are often blamed for high unemployment in the state, although statistics show that high unemployment is not related to the number of illegal migrants. In this example, illegal migrants are victims of ________: the act of blaming an out-group when the in-group experiences frustration or is blocked from obtaining a goal.

Scapegoating