Psych Final Exam

Which of the following correlation coefficients is indicative of the strongest reaction?

-0.87

Aaron wants to study people's reaction to violent images. He lets all the participants of his experiment know that they will be subjugated to violent images and asks if they are willing to participate. In this scenario Aaron is:

Obtained informed consent from the participants.

In the context of the cerebral cortex, the area critical for processing visual info is:

Occipital lobe

Zues was injured in a mining accident and suffered severe brain damage. The only change was in his personality. The lobe in the cerebal cortex that was damaged was the

Frontal

Chris makes an observation that the longer a classroom lecture, the lower the attentiveness of students in the class. In the context of correlational research, the length of the lecture and level of attentiveness are said to have a

Negative correlation

Irrelevant and annoying stimuli are known as

Noise

After delivering its message, some of the neurotransmitter is used up in the production of energy and some of it is reabsorbed by the axon that released it to await the next neural impulse.

Reuptake

Professor Stevenson is examining the effects of color on patients anxiety levels. She randomly assigns patients to either a room painted white or a room painted black, and then she records their blood pressure. In this case, the independent variable is the:

Room color

Kenny has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease and has been prescribed medication to manage some of his symptoms. The medication elevates the levels of dopamine in his system. If the levels of dopamine in his system become excessive, Kenny is most likely to exhibit symptoms associated with

Schizophrenia

The act of focusing on a specific aspect of experiences while ignoring others is called

Selective attention

The process of receiving stimulus energy from the environment and transforming it into neural energy is called:

Sensation

When Carlos first arrived to his friends party the music was so loud he had to cover his ears after a few hours the music stopped bothering him. This change is known as

Sensory adaption

organisms learn the associations between two stimuli in this type of learning

classical conditioning

what is the learning process in which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an intimately meaningful stimulus and acquires the capacity similar response

classical conditioning

dr. Myers is known fo this hard pop quizzes. before he announces a pop quiz, he closes his class door. his students learn to anticipate a pop quiz when he closes the door. in CC closing the door becomes:

conditional stimulus.

which of the following statements us true of echoic and iconic memory

echoic memory lasts longer than iconic memory

positive psychology

emphasizes human strengths

Sarah is reading a book on different species of insects in the amazon. in this scenario Sarah in primarily

encoding info into her memory

Grayson's dog salivates each time he hears the fridge door open. Grayson stops giving the dog food when he opens the fridge. the dog salivating whenever the fridge opens. this is

extinction

what is a disorder caused by a genetic mutation involving a progressive inability to sleep

fatal familia insomnia

Biological Approach

focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system

the organism learns through experience with negative stimuli that it has no control over negative outcomes

learned helplessness

Melvin is an elementary school teacher who rewards his students with extra playtime whenever they do well on a test/class assignment. what technique is he using to motivate his students?

positive reinforcement

what is the activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remembering new info better and faster

priming

what is an implicit memory process that involves memory for skills

procedural memory

an unconditioned stimulus

produces a response without prior knowledge

Kate tries to learn the definition of "osmosis" from her class notes. she repeats the definition over and over again until she knows it. what memory method is she using?

rehearsal

The stroop effect

represents a failure of selective attention

Isabella was born in a poor family and had to face many adversities in life, but she never let any loss or set back affect her performance at school. She is grown to become a very capable and responsible person. This shows her:

resilience

Jenna was in an accident a week before her wedding due to injuries in the head. she rememberers that she's getting married and her appointments for the week but she has no memory of how she met her fiancé or how long they were dating. what part of her memory is damaged?

retrospective memory

a person is most likely to store a 7 digit phone number in this memory

short term memory

when Sarahs grandpa stops snoring he looks like he is not breathing, then he coughs and resumes snoring. what is wrong with him?

sleep apnea

George has a history exam the next day so he's been studying hard. if he wants to remember most of what he has studied he should go to sleep rather than

stay awake all night

ms. graham is the principal of a high school. she enforces the practice of pop quizzes in the school because she knows that students will be more likely to study if they cannot predict when they will be tested. in this scenario ms. graham uses this schedule of reinforcement

variable-interval

Dr. Ambrose feels that a particular intelligence test is probably culturally biased. Which of the following test questions would concern Dr. Ambrose the most?

what month of the year is the super bowl played?

What is the mode in the annual earnings: 21k, 19k, 24k, 19k, 430k

19k

In the context of sensation and perception, what is the minimum amount of stimulus energy that a person can detect:

Absolute threshold

Annetta is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety. Dr. Benson's treatment plan for focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears. In this scenario, Dr. Benson adheres most closely to this approach.

Behavioral

As in-depth look at an individual

Case study

In the context of the divisions of the nervous system, the brain is categorized with what type of nervous system

Central nervous system

Tricia suffers a stroke at the age of 35 years. As a result, her motor functioning is severely impaired. Her movements become awkward, jerky, and uncoordinated. In this scenario, her symptoms are most likely caused by damage to the _____.

Cerebellum

When psychological researchers use the correlational method to study variables, the degree of relation between two variables is expressed as a numerical value known as:

Correlational coefficient

Aaron wants to study the link between sleep deprivation and the number of hours spent on computer every day. He wants to determine whether and how the increase/decreasing one variable is associated with the increase/decrease in the other variable. What research method is most effective.

Correlational research

What is a type of psychological research that uses surveys, case studies, and interviews to find out the basic dimensions of some variable.

Descriptive research

Neither the participants nor the experimenter administering the treatment are aware of which participants belong to the experimental group and which are part of the control group is a:

Double-blind experiment

In the contest of experimental research, internal validity refers to the:

Extent to which changes in the dependent variable are genuinely due to the manipulation of the independent variable

Walter has multiple sclerosis. In the context of specialized cell structure his disease causes

Hardening of the myelin sheath

Jessica investigates the relationship between caffeine intake and performance on a class test for high school students. Before her sample of students takes an exam, she notes the number of cups of coffee they consumed two hours before the test. She obtains their scores after the test is over. She then calculates the correlation coefficient between the two variables and finds it to be +0.82. Which of the following conclusions should Jessica draw from this value?

Higher caffeine consumption is related to higher exam scores

Joe suffered a massive stroke. Since then he has started repeating many of his actions though the day. This is because he is unable to retain any memories of his actions. This is caused by damage to:

Hippocampus

The neurotransmitter

Is involved in miracle action, learning, and memory

The neurotransmitter serotonin

Is involved in the regulation of mood and attention

The neural pathway of smell

Is unlike the other fear main senses, it does not pass through the thalamus

this is a flashbulb memory

Isabel remembers the day her first baby was born

Median in statistics

It in the score that falls directly in the middle

When conducting an experiment on time management, Jamie assigns everyone who arrives noon to the experimental group and everyone who arrives after noon to the control group. In the context of experimental research methods, what is wrong with Jamie's experiments?

Jamie is not using a true random assign

This is an example of damage to Broca's area in the brain

Jamie is unable to produce any words

Vincent observes the eating behavior of 5-year old's in a school. Then analyzes the eating behavior of the same group of children when they are 12 years of age. He continues to analyze the changes in their eating behavior when they are in their early 20s. What type of study is this?

Longitudinal

Dr. Gordon conducts an expiremt on Johnny who displays a symptoms of ADHD. She postulates that Johnny hyperactivity will by measured by the number of times he moves about while in the middle of a conservation. Dr. gordon's postulation is the:

Operational definition

Natural selection by Darwin

Organisms that are best adapted to their environment will survive and produce

Which nervous system is part of the automatic nervous system that calms the body

Parasympathetic nervous system

skeptical

Questioning what everybody knows

In inferential statistics, the difference observed between two guys are large enough that it is highly unlikely that those differences are merely due to chance is called the:

Statistical significance

In psychological research, a correlational study is used to determine

The link between variable

Participants in an experimental research study listen to a lecture either in a lecture hall filled with natural light or in a lecture half with no windows and artificial light. Before leaving the lecture halls, the participants fill out a mood survey. What is the independent variable in this study?

The type of light in the rooms

Which of the following statements is true of the results we discussed about social media use?

There can be positive results for those that actively post but those that only view other accounts tend to have a negative results

Perceptual sets

They act as psychological filters in processing info about the environment

Which of the following statements is true of the practitioners of the psychodynamic approach?

They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way we think.

A part of David's brain was damaged in a ski accident. Once he was out of his coma, the doctors noticed that even though he could produce words in speech, he couldn't seem to understand the meanings of the words spoken by others. In this scenario, which of the following areas of David's brain was damaged that caused this symptom?

Wernicke's

Structuralism founder

William Wundt

according to Sigmund freud the dreams latent content is

a persons unconscious desires that he or she wishes to fulfill.

According to developmental psychologist, nurture refers to

an individuals environmental and social experiences

What's a teratogen?

any agent that causes a birth defect

ms. Goldman was a little startled when she realized that she didn't really remember driving the last mile. for ms. Goldman driving has become an

automatic process

Detective Dan is the primary detective in a case of homicide. In which of the following ways can he use the process of context-dependent memory to his advantage?

by taking witnesses back to the crime scene

a way to improve short term memory

chunking

what is the conscious recollection of info, such as facts events

declarative memory

Kevin is studying for a vocabulary test. When he studies the word "braggart," he thinks of how his childhood friend Billy acted whenever Billy was given a new toy. Which of the following is the highest level of processing Kevin has engaged in while encoding the word "braggart"?

deep

Ashley is in the habit of listening to music while studying. She usually puts her headphones on when she's reading through a textbook. In this scenario, Ashley is demonstrating

divided attention

what is the most common neurotransmitter activated by psychoactive drugs and found to be related to addiction

dopamine

her daughters eyes are moving up and down and left to right under her eyelids, it is likely that she is doing what in her sleep.

dreaming

Lolita uses her kitchen knife to cut vegetables. She always uses her knife for either slicing bread or for chopping meat. Despite these uses, Lolita also occasionally uses the knife to unscrew nails from her kitchen equipment. This alternate way of using the knife shows that Lolita has overcome

functional fixedness

Wendell always gets anxious before taking a math test because he is not good with numbers and formulas. When his teacher announces a physics test that requires him to apply numerical formulae, Wendell begins to feel anxious, even though he enjoys physics. What is Wendall most likely demonstrating in this scenario?

generalization in classical conditioning

what is an altered state of consciousness or psychological state or altered attention and expectation in which an individual is unusually perceptive to suggestion

hypnosis

what is the subconscious processing at least to a solution to a problem after a break from conscious thought about the problem

incubation

Jacob is a waiter at Alpines, a five-star restaurant. He is known for his excellent memory with regard to customer orders. He recalls each customer's order perfectly by associating the order with where the customer is seated and with the clothes the customer is wearing. In this scenario, which of the following encoding processes is Jacob most likely using to help him remember his orders?

mental imagery

The autonomic system

monitors processes such as breathing and digestion

During a heated argument with his teenage daughter, Mr. Reid suddenly lapsed into a state of REM sleep. Mr. Reid apparently suffers from

narcolepsy

Chemical substances that are stored in very tiny sacs within the terminal buttons and are involved in transmitting info across a synaptic gap to the next neuron are known as:

neurotransmitters

Ryan receives a scolding from his mother every time he picks his nose. Fearing retribution, Ryan hesitates to pick his nose whenever his mother is present with him. In this scenario, Ryan is demonstrating

operant conditioning

The batting averages of major league baseball players have shown a steady increase over the last 30 years. This parallels which observation made from the world of intelligence testing?

the Flynn affect

what is true of brain structures and memory functions in the long term memory

the amygdala is involved in emotional memories

the law of effect claims that

the consequence of a behavior influences the likelihood of that behaviors recurrence.

John is a six-year old who loves dogs, however after being bitten by one he starts to fear them in classical conditioning.

the dog becomes a conditioned stimulus after it bites John.

aversive conditioning

the form of treatment that consists of repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus

Juanita is one of the finalists in a televised game show. Juanita is able to remember the names of the contestants she met on the first day of the show but cannot remember the names of the contestants she met after that day. In the context of memory retrieval, Juanita's ability to recall only the names of the contestants she met on the first day exemplifies

the primacy effect

Psychology

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

what does the research say about birth order?

there is no support for birth order in determining personality

observational learning occurs

through the process of watching and imitating another's behavior

Kyles drug dealer sells him sleeping pills. after a couple of months, the pills do not have the same effect, so Kyle begins to take more. what is he demonstrating?

tolerance

the concept of theory of mind is best described as

understanding that everyone thinks, feels, perceives, and have private experiences.