Psych final part 2 (chapter 14)

The fundamental attribution error is the tendency to...

over estimate the internal and underestimate the external factors when explaining the behaviors of others.

The strong tendency to view one's successes as stemming from internal factors and one's failures as stemming from external factors is called the __________.

self-serving bias

In the Milgram studies on obedience, what was a factor contributing to why people complied to perform immoral tasks?

lack of social comparison

How do we form attitudes?

Conditioning and observational learning

Central route to persuasion

Inspires consideration of evidence and arguments

Attitude

It is an enduring mental representation of a person, place, or thing that typically evokes an emotional response and related behavior.

Which of the following statements is true of social facilitation?

It is the process by which a person's performance is increased when other members of a group engage in similar behavior.

Yarema is a cyclist. He notices that whenever he trains with someone else, his time improves markedly. In the context of group behavior, this phenomenon occurs due to a process known as _________.

Social Facilitation

Which of the following characteristics is an aspect of groupthink that contributes to flawed decisions?

The group's belief in its rightness

Which of the following statements is true of attribution theory?

We are biased toward making dispositional attributions when we explain other people's behavior.

Fear appeal

a type of persuasive communication that influences behavior on the basis of arousing anxiety and concern instead of rational analysis of the issues.

People are said to __________ when they change their behavior to adhere to social norms.

conform

Lisa has been invited to a party. Immediately after receiving the invitation, she meets with her friends to decide what to wear for the party. Though she does not like to dress elaborately, she agrees to dress elaborately because her friends have planned to do so. In this scenario, Lisa's behavior demonstrates _________.

conformity

In Stanley Milgram's study, whenever some of the "teachers" would hesitate his research assistants would tell them things like...

"You must continue." "The experiment requires you to continue." "Although the shocks may be painful, there is no long term damage, so please go on."

Festinger Experiment

1. Leon Festinger and his colleagues wanted to observe the cult members, however their beliefs stated that they needed to stay isolated from non-believers2. They joined the cult in order to be able to observe them3. On December 21, when the world was supposed to end, they observed how the people reacted when it didn't4. They monitored the group members doubt, debate, and rationalization of what had taken place. The members still remained in their cult's beliefs even when the world did not end, making up a theory that God saved them through their prayers so that they could maintain their self-esteemCognitive dissonance The members blindly followed what they heard

Hal is experiencing a state of cognitive dissonance, which of the following scenarios will not help to reduce it?

A change in consequences.

bystander effect

An example of this would be that even though the accident happened directly in front of the crowd, no one called the authorities.

Peripheral route to persuasion

Associates objects with positive or negative cues

Solomon Asch Study

enacted to observe the effects of conformity (test subjects chose wrong answers to conform with the group)

Alex wants to be physically fit. As he cannot workout effectively at his home, he goes to a gym with his friends. At the gym, he works out better when his friends work out along with him. In the context of group behavior, this is the result of _________.

social facilitation

Cognitive Dissonance

the view that we are motivated to make our cognitions or beliefs consistent with each other and with our behavior

Persuasion

People with high self-esteem and low social anxiety are more resistant to social pressure

What type of attributional style claims that people who are kind are just "nice" people all around?

dispositional attributions

A research experiment was conducted on people's attitude toward a particular section of the society. After the experiment, the participants were requested to donate a small amount for the research organization. When they agreed and donated, they were followed with more requests for bigger donations. This is an example of ____________.

the foot-in-the-door technique

An example of the fundamental attribution error is...

when something bad happened to someone else, subjects blamed that person's behavior or personality 65% of the time.