psych quiz 3 - sleep

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

A recurring sleep stage during which most vivid dreams commonly occur is known as ________ sleep.

REM

Nightmares are to ________ as night terrors are to ________.

REM Sleep ; Sleep stage 4

At 3 o'clock in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurrence of

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes, more dreaming and bodily movement, faster pulse and breathing are especially likely to be associated with:

REM sleep

During the course of a full night's sleep, people are most likely to spend more time in

REM sleep than in Stage 4 sleep.

what is selective attention?

Selective attention is the process of focusing on a particular object in the environment for a certain period of time. Attention is a limited resource, so selective attention allows us to tune out unimportant details and focus on what really matters.

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hour cycle; tells our bodies when to sleep, rise, eat—regulating many physiological processes. This internal body clock is affected by environmental cues, like sunlight and temperature.

Jordanna has decided to go to bed early. Although her eyes are closed and she's very relaxed, she has not yet fallen asleep. An electroencephalograph is most likely to indicate the presence of

alpha waves

An impaired use of language is known as

aphasia

The most extensive regions of the brain, which enable learning and memory, are called the

association areas

Your conscious awareness of your own name and self-identity depends primarily on the normal functioning of your

cerebral cortex

Selective attention is best illustrated by

change blindness which is a perceptual phenomenon that occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it.

The benefits of brain plasticity are most clearly demonstrated in

children who have had a cerebral hemisphere surgically removed.

At 1:00 A.M., Luis gets out of bed and begins to sleepwalk. An EEG of his brain activity is most likely to indicate the presence of

delta waves

The large, slow brain waves associated with Stage 4 sleep are called

delta waves

The simultaneous processing of information at both conscious and unconscious levels is called

dual processing

Neurosurgeons have severed the corpus callosum (part of brain made up of more than 200 million nerve fibers) in human patients in order to reduce

epileptic seizures (nerve cell activity in brain is disturbed, causing seizures)

The motor cortex is located in the ________ lobes.

frontal

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

Failing to see visible gorillas when our attention is directed elsewhere is called

inattentional blindness. which is: the event in which an individual fails to perceive an unexpected stimulus that is in plain sight.

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

Because dual processing entails processing sensory information using both conscious and unconscious channels...

individuals with normal brains will report seeing a dead bug placed inside the hollow nose of a mask as being on the tip of the nose, and will reach inside the hollow nose to dig it out when they are asked to remove it

A recurring difficulty in falling or staying asleep is called

insomnia

When a person speaks, brain waves and blood flow are especially likely to reveal increased activity in the

left hemisphere

Compared with adults, children are

more likely to experience night terrors and more likely to experience sleepwalking.

Which sleep disorder is most likely to be accompanied by sleepwalking and sleeptalking?

night terrors

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Which lobes of the brain receive the input that enables you to feel someone scratching your back?

parietal

Narcolepsy is a disorder involving

periodic uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming daytime sleepiness.

Exposure to bright light causes the

pineal gland to decrease the production and release of melatonin.

Chronic sleep deprivation is likely to

promote obesity and impair memory.

Our inability to consciously process all the sensory information available to us at any single point in time best illustrates the necessity of

selective attention

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

selective attention being able to focus on a single conversation in a noisy room

A periodic, natural loss of consciousness that involves five distinct stages is known as

sleep

Which of the following disorders is characterized by the temporary cessations of breathing while asleep?

sleep apnea

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during Stage 2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

Damage to the left cerebral hemisphere is most likely to reduce people's ability to

solve arithmetic problems

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60-year-olds

spend less time in deep sleep

Those whose corpus callosum is surgically severed are said to be patients with

split brains.

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus.

Auditory stimulation is first processed in the ________ lobes.

temporal

Wernicke's area is typically located in the left ________ lobe.

temporal

Which of the following body parts is associated with the greatest amount of brain tissue in the motor cortex?

the face

REM sleep is called paradoxical sleep because

the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active

The corpus callosum is a wide band of axon fibers that

transmits information between the cerebral hemispheres.

The simultaneous processing of information on many parallel tracks is most closely associated with

unconscious mental activity

A picture of a dog is briefly flashed in the left visual field of a split-brain patient. At the same time a picture of a boy is flashed in the right visual field. In identifying what she saw, the patient would be most likely to

verbally report that she saw a boy.

Night terrors typically occur

within the first few hours of stage 4