Psych Quiz
hypothesis
"Children who play violent video games will become more aggressive." Based on the scientific research method, this statement is most likely a __________. theory conclusion fact hypothesis
operational definition
A precise statement of how a variable in a study will be observed and measured is called a(n) __________. empirical study conceptual variable operational definition theory
basic research to applied psychology
A psychologist has been working in a university for 15 years and has an opportunity to work with a technology company that is just getting popular. She decides to go for the money and work for the company. She has moved from ______________________. applied psychology to basic research basic research to applied psychology applied psychology to mental health
Individual differences/personality
A psychologist is interested in studying how the character traits that a person has inherited influence the ability to handle stress. This study most likely reflects the contemporary __________ perspective. Biological Individual differences/personality Social Cognitive
Differences versus similarities
You are interested in studying the parenting skills of Americans and Europeans. As a psychologist, your research is attempting to answer which enduring question? Nature versus nurture Automatic versus controlled processing Differences versus similarities Mind versus body
theory; hypothesis
A __________ is a general, tentative explanation that tries to account for diverse findings on the relationships between variables and therefore provides ideas for future research, whereas a __________ is a specific prediction about the relationship between two or more variables that is to be tested. hypothesis; theory theory; hypothesis
Mental health
A counseling psychologist is most likely to be working in which of these general areas? Applied psychology Basic research Mental health
Social
A current research study has found that parenting styles differ among people from the United States, China, and Australia. This type of research best represents which contemporary psychology perspective? Behavioral neuroscience Cognitive Developmental Social
nature versus nurture
A psychologist's research focuses on whether a person's personality is determined by the genes inherited from parents or by childhood and adolescent experiences. This type of research is attempting to answer the question of _________________. mind versus body automatic versus controlled processing differences versus similarities nature versus nurture
conceptual
A researcher hypothesizes that children who play violent video games will become more aggressive. The variables "play violent video games" and "become more aggressive" are ____________ variables. precise conceptual operational
basic
A study is conducted to determine the extent of damage, if any, to the brains of three groups of people who have had high blood pressure for either 5 years, 10 years, or 15 years. This study is an example of ________ research. unethical applied ethical basic
each person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual
Humanism which developed as a reaction to the behaviorism and psychodynamic schools of psychology, emphasized that ___________________________. each person is negatively affected by unconscious thoughts, feelings, and memories each person is inherently good, but therapy is needed to become a healthy individual each person is inherently good and motivated to be a healthy functioning individual each person is born a blank slate and needs to learn to become a healthy individual
Clinical
Maria is experiencing several personal setbacks, including academic problems, marital difficulties, and a dyingmother who needs her help. Maria is feeling overwhelmed, sad, and lonely. A psychologist who represents the _________ perspective could best help her. Clinical Individual differences/personality Biological Cognitive
Potential and dysfunction
Mental health psychologists are most likely to be concerned with which of the following topics? Potential and dysfunction Mental processes Self and others
Behavioral neuroscience, biological and cognitive
Neuroimaging techniques are used by which contemporary perspectives? Biological and clinical Cognitive, personality and social Behavioral neuroscience, biological and cognitive Behavioral neuroscience and personality
Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory to study the mind.
Psychology made the transition from philosophy to a scientific discipline with which event? Rene Descrate discovered that the pineal gland controlled the body. Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychological laboratory to study the mind. Charles Darwin influenced the field of psychology with his theory of natural selection. Edward B. Titchener brought methods of introspection to the United States.
biological
Research based on the _____________ perspective would focus on the connections of the nervous system and the neurotransmitters that affect feelings such as of sadness and despair. biological individual differences/personality social cognitive
applied research
Research conducted specifically for the purpose of solving practical problems and improving quality of life is called _____________. applied research a theory a hypothesis basic research
psychodynamic; cognitive
Sigmund Freud founded the early school of ____________ psychology while Jean Piaget influenced the development of the ____________ school of psychology. psychodynamic; behaviorism cognitive; humanism functionalism; cognitive psychodynamic; cognitive
described the elements of sensations and perceptions
Structuralism, an early school of psychology ________________________. focused on behavior that could be observed described the elements of sensations and perceptions was interested in how unconscious thoughts affected behavior rejected the use of introspection as a research tool
Behaviorism
The Sea World animal trainers use rewards (reinforcements) to teach whales, sea lions and dolphins to perform tricks. These training techniques are based on principles from which early school of psychology? Behaviorism Structuralism Cognitive Functionalism
Jean Piaget recorded the progressive development of infants and children's thinking through four major stages.
The difference between the cognitive research of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky is that ____________________. Jean Piaget observed the interactions of children and parents and identified a teaching technique called scaffolding. Jean Piaget recorded the progressive development of infants and children's thinking through four major stages Lev Vygotsky studied the social influences that guide a child's personality development. Lev Vygotsky developed a four-stage theory that tracks children's cognitive development.
must be informed as much as possible about the purpose and conditions of the research, and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any time
The ethical requirement of informed consent means that participants ___________________. must agree not to divulge any information about the study to any outside party must be informed as much as possible about the purpose and conditions of the research, and that they are free to withdraw from the research at any time may not withdraw from the study for any reason other than medical necessity, once they agree to participate must read and approve any written report of the research results before they are published
Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle
The field of psychology originated with the _________________. English philosophers such as John Locke French philosophers such as Rene Descartes Austrian physicians such as Sigmund Freud Greek philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle
cognitive
The invention of computer technology in the 1950's led to the development of the contemporary perspective of ________ psychology. developmental social clinical cognitive
the unconscious and early childhood experiences
The psychodynamic school of psychology emphasizes _____________________. the way in which the brain organizes perceptions of the world the unconscious and early childhood experiences how mental processes such as thinking, judgment and perception develop how behavior helps individuals adapt to demands of their environment
Biological Foundations
The study of brain systems (Unit: Brains, Bodies, and Behavior) and sensory processes (Unit: Sensing & Perceiving) are examples of what general theme? Potential and dysfunction Biological foundations Change
Developmental: emphasizes how cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional factors change and show stability across the lifespan
Which contemporary perspective in psychology is correctly matched with its emphasis? Clinical perspective: emphasizes the unique and individual differences of people Developmental: emphasizes how cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional factors change and show stability across the lifespan Cognitive psychology - emphasizes the unconscious influences on behavior Biological: emphasizes how people process information
Functionalism
Which early school of psychology focused on explaining behavior, emotion, and thought as active adaptations to environmental pressures? Psychodynamics Functionalism Cognitive Structuralism
When the experiment is over, the researcher tells the participant "thank you and goodbye" without disclosing any information or answering any questions.
Which of the following is a violation of the APA Ethical Code for Human Research? Questionnaire data is collected from students after obtaining written informed consent forms from them. Students are told that their scores on a timed math test will determine their final course grade. When the study is completed, the researcher discloses that the study was investigating the effects of anxiety and that the test results would not actually determine their math grade. A psychologist answers participants' questions about the research before it begins. When the experiment is over, the researcher tells the participant "thank you and goodbye" without disclosing any information or answering any questions.
Free choice about participating
Which of the following is not an APA Guideline on Humane Care and Use of Animals in Research? Free choice about participating Use of anesthesia for surgical procedures Supervision by experienced psychologists Proper training of all research lab assistants
Write hypothesis, conduct study, analyze data, write conclusion, publish article
Which of the following is the correct sequence of activities for a psychologist utilizing the scientific research method? Write theory, conduct study, write conclusion, analyze data Write hypothesis, conduct study, publish article Write hypothesis, conduct study, analyze data, write conclusion, publish article Conduct study, write hypothesis, write conclusion
Abraham Maslow
Which person is most credited with the school of humanistic psychology and the concept of self-actualization? Lev Vygotsky Carl Rogers Hermann Ebbinghaus Abraham Maslow
John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner
Which psychologists were proponents of studying only observable behavior and not the mind? John B. Watson and Jean Piaget Ivan Pavlov and William James John B. Watson and B. F. Skinner Wilhelm Wundt and Sigmund Freud
What is the reciprocal relationship between the mind and the body?
Which question about the mind versus body controversy MOST represents today's research by psychologists? Are the functions of the mind separate from actions of the body? Is the body a physical entity and the mind a nonphysical mysterious entity that controls the body? What is the reciprocal relationship between the mind and the body? Do our emotions originate entirely in the body?
Cognitive psychology
Which school of psychology originated with studying the growth of thought and language processes in infants and children? Cognitive psychology Humanistic psychology Evolutionary psychology Behaviorism
Each contemporary psychology perspective shares important information that influences the research of other perspectives.
Which statement about contemporary psychology perspectives is TRUE? There are only seven major contemporary perspectives in psychology. Each contemporary psychology perspective shares important information that influences the research of other perspectives. Each contemporary psychology perspective attempts to answer all psychological questions with its approach.