Psych Test 1

The endocrine system consists of

glands

Which of the following is a function of the thalamus?

relaying information from the eyes to the visual cortex

The limbic system structure that regulates hunger is called the

hypothalamus

Which group of psychologists are most related to the computer model of human mind?

cognitive psychologists

Hindsight bias, overconfidence, and perceiving order in random events often lead us to overestimate the value of

commonsense judgments

Where is the temporal lobe located?

just above the ears

Research with split-brain patients suggests that the ________ typically constructs the theories people offer to explain their own behaviors.

left cerebral hemisphere

The brain devotes more tissue within the ________ for body areas requiring the most precise movement control such as the fingers.

motor cortex

Which part of the brain specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts?

somatosensory cortex

In December 1879, he created the very first psychology laboratory in Germany.

wilhelm wundt

When a negative event energizes the ________, the event becomes more memorable.

amydgala

Which lobe is located at the back of your head?

occipital

Psychologist Philip Tetlock collected more than 27,000 expert predictions of world events. He repeatedly found that experts were ________ percent confident in their prediction but were correct less than ________ percent of the time.

80; 40

When people were shown happy and angry faces, their ________ was found to activate in response to the angry faces.

amygdala

Which neural center in the limbic system plays an important role in emotions such as fear and rage?

amygdala

Wilhelm Wundt is famous for what contribution to the history of psychology?

being the founder of scientific psychology

The autonomic nervous system most directly controls

bladder contractions

Which is the following is NOT true about William James?

called the founder of behaviorism

After hitting her head on the cement pavement, Cassie has difficulty walking in a smooth and coordinated manner. She has probably suffered damage to the part of her brain called the

cerebellum

Your life would be most immediately threatened if you suffered destruction of the

cerebellum

The tendency to perceive meaningful patterns in random sequences of outcomes often leads us to underestimate the extent to which outcomes result from

chance

The motor cortex

controls voluntary movements

Which portion of the cerebral cortex is most directly involved in making plans and formulating moral judgments?

frontal lobes

Natural, opiate-like neurotransmitters linked to pain control are called

endorphins

Which lobe is located behind your forehead?

frontal

The limbic system's hippocampus

helps process explicit memories for storage

After the horror of 9/11, many people said the American government should obviously have foreseen the likelihood of this form of terrorism. This perception most clearly illustrates

hindsight bias

The brain area that processes memory formation is the

hippocampus

The endocrine system's glands secrete chemical messengers known as

hormones

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobes

Politicians who have no doubt that their predictions about the U.S. economy will come true most clearly demonstrate

overconfidence

Which hormone enables contractions associated with birthing and milk flow during nursing?

oxytocin

When the ________ nervous system is active, the pupils contract, heartbeat slows, digestion is stimulated, and the bladder contracts.

parasympathetic

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems make up the

peripheral nervous system

Which group of psychologists wanted to identify the hidden motivations and memories from unconscious mind?

psychoanalysts

To help psychologists separate uninformed opinions from examined conclusions, psychologists use ________ to conduct research.

scientific experiments

Which of the following is NOT a roadblock to critical thinking?

scientific inquiry

Stimulation of the reticular formation will cause a

sleeping cat to awaken

Cognitive decline in late adulthood can be partly attributed to a(n)

smaller hippocampus

Which group of psychologists wanted to identify the "building blocks (or basic units)" of consciousness?

structuralists

Enrique has just received a letter advising him that he has been accepted by the college of his choice. With his excitement, his heartbeat increases, his blood pressure rises, and he begins to perspire. Which nervous system is responsible for these physiological changes?

sympathetic

The nervous system that arouses and expends energy is the ________ nervous system.

sympathetic

The autonomic nervous system can be subdivided into the

sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Dualism discussed in class refers to which of the following positions?

that mind and body are two separate entities

Which method offers the most reliable way of assessing whether athletic performance is boosted by drinking soda with caffeine in it?

the experiment