psych unit 1

In lecture, Dr Henderson stated that in order to get published, there needs to be a correlation of at least a _____ or greater .50 .23 .70 .65

.50

Approximately 95 percent of the cases represented by the normal curve fall within ________ standard deviation(s) from the mean. 1 2 3 5

2

If IQ scores are normally distributed, having a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, approximately what percentage of people have IQ scores somewhere between 70 and 130? 34 50 68 95

95

As discussed in lecture, _______________ would be characterized as an evolutionary theorist? Charles Darwin Sigmund Freud BF Skinner Maslow

Charles Darwin

One of the last century's most influential observers of children was the Swiss biologist Edward Bradford Titchener. Margaret Floy Washburn. William James. Jean Piaget.

Jean Piaget.

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as Plato is to Aristotle. Watson is to Skinner. Aristotle is to Plato. Skinner is to Watson.

Plato is to Aristotle.

After discovering that their company's best software developers are highly analytical, personnel psychologists focused their employment ads for additional software developers less on applicants' experience and more on their ability to engage in logical problem solving. This best illustrates their commitment to 360-degree feedback. social leadership. structured interviews. a strengths-based selection system.

a strengths-based selection system.

Dr. Santaniello conducts research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. It is most likely that Dr. Santaniello is a(n) ________ psychologist. social clinical developmental industrial-organizational

developmental

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow promoted a historically significant approach known as behaviorism. humanistic psychology. cognitive neuroscience. behavior genetics.

humanistic psychology.

In a psychological experiment, the experimental factor that is manipulated by the investigator is called the ________ variable. dependent independent control experimental

independent

The unreliability of ________ led to the waning popularity of structuralism. introspection behavior genetics behaviorism humanistic psychology

introspection

Those who view their work as a necessary but personally unfulfilling way to make money are said to view work as a contract. job. calling. career.

job

Leaders who set target dates for the completion of specific measurable goals best illustrate transformational leadership. managing by objectives. 360-degree feedback. the experience of flow.

managing by objectives.

Which measure of central tendency is used to calculate the average of your school grades? standard deviation median mean mode

mean

In lecture we talked about statistics and Dr Henderson informed the class that a (n) ________________ can influence the mean of the data outlier number thrown into the mix odd number middle point

outlier

Megan was certain that she would never live far away from her family. However, when offered a job in another state, she decided to move. Megan's experience best illustrates hindsight bias. random assignment. the placebo effect. overconfidence.

overconfidence.

Dr. MacCollum analyzes a job, scripts interview questions, and trains interviewers to ask the same questions, in the same order, to all applicants, rating each applicant on an established scale. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist. personnel organizational human factors clinical

personnel

Dr. Thompson develops interview questions that will effectively predict job applicants' success in specific work positions. Her work best illustrates that of a(n) ________ psychologist. personnel organizational human factors clinical

personnel

As discussed in lecture, a study given between people who wear flip flops and temperature found that when temperature rises there is an increase in people who wear flip flops, this would be considered a ______________ relationship positive negative no moderate

positive

Humanistic psychologists focused attention on the importance of people's childhood memories. genetic predispositions. unconscious thought processes. potential for growth.

potential for growth.

To assess the impact of test difficulty on persistence of effort, researchers plan to give one group of children relatively easy tests and another group more difficult tests. To reduce the chance that the children in one group are more intelligent than those in the other group, the researchers should make use of random assignment. the double-blind procedure. naturalistic observation. operational definitions.

random assignment.

Dr. Mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. Which specialty area does his research best represent? cognitive psychology social psychology developmental psychology clinical psychology

social psychology

The on-time completion of major work projects is most clearly facilitated by reducing flow. scripting structured interviews. receiving 360-degree feedback. stating implementation intentions

stating implementation intentions

The on-time completion of major work projects is most clearly facilitated by reducing flow. scripting structured interviews. receiving 360-degree feedback. stating implementation intentions.

stating implementation intentions.

University of Texas students were fitted with electronically activated recorders so that researchers could sample their daily activities. The researchers employed a scientific method known as naturalistic observation. the double-blind procedure. experimentation. the case study.

the case study.

In a group of five individuals, two report annual incomes of $10,000, and the other three report incomes of $14,000, $15,000, and $31,000, respectively. The mode of this group's distribution of annual incomes is $10,000. $15,000. $16,000. $31,000

$10,000.

Which of the following correlation coefficients expresses the weakest degree of relationship between two variables? -0.12 -0.99 +0.25 -0.50

-0.12

Which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group? The experimenter exerts the greatest influence on participants' behavior. The research participants are exposed to all the different experimental treatments. The research participants are exposed to the most favorable levels of experimental treatment. The experimental treatment is absent.

The experimental treatment is absent.

Gamblers often throw dice gently for low numbers and hard for high numbers. This most directly illustrates an illusion of control. a scatterplot. the normal curve. regression toward the mean.

an illusion of control.

Early behaviorists such as John B. Watson would have considered the introspective study of self-esteem to be applied research. a positive psychology. an unscientific method. a biopsychosocial approach.

an unscientific method.

As demonstrated in lecture, the ____________ is the part of the body where you find fewer sensory neurons compared to the hand. back shoulder chest leg

back

Professor Brody attempts to measure the relative contributions of inborn traits and social influences on sexual preferences and behavior patterns. Her research efforts best illustrate the interests of the ________ perspective. behavior genetics psychodynamic behavioral cognitive

behavior genetics

Exploring how we humans are diverse because of our differing genes and environments is the focus of behavior genetics. cognitive psychology. evolutionary psychology. humanistic psychology.

behavior genetics.

Smiling is to feeling as ________ is to ________. evolution; natural selection behavior; mental process conscious; unconscious nurture; nature

behavior; mental process

The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by environmental circumstances. blood chemistry. unconscious conflicts. subjective interpretations.

blood chemistry.

The neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by

brain chemistry

Andrea views her work as primarily an opportunity to climb the corporate ladder in pursuit of increasingly better positions. Andrea apparently views her work as a calling. job. contract. career.

career.

As discussed in lecture, an experiment measures _______________________ cause and effect left and right right and wrong good and evil

cause and effect

Human factors psychologists would be most likely to aid in the design of computer keyboards. weight-reduction programs. protective clothing. classroom management techniques.

computer keyboards.

A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment is called a wording effect. correlation coefficient. placebo effect. confounding variable.

confounding variable

If participants in the experimental group of a drug treatment study are much younger than participants in the control group, the age of the research participants is a dependent variable. correlation coefficient. confounding variable. replication.

confounding variable.

When an arithmetic average is reported in the news, it is most important for readers to determine whether it is statistically significant. consider whether it is distorted by a few extreme cases. be sure that it represents a standard deviation. assume that it is the midpoint of a normal curve.

consider whether it is distorted by a few extreme cases.

To study the potential effects of social interaction on problem solving, some research participants were instructed to solve problems by working together; other participants were told to solve problems by working alone. Those who worked alone were assigned to the ________ group. experimental survey control correlational

control

As discussed in lecture, when identifying the _______________ ask yourself, "What's being measured?" dependent variable independent variable positive correlation negative correlation

dependent variable

A cross-sectional study is one in which the same people are retested over a period of years. different age groups are tested at the same time. different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time. the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.

different age groups are tested at the same time.

Critical thinking most clearly involves a biopsychosocial approach. introspection. evaluating evidence. the psychodynamic perspective.

evaluating evidence.

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group. control standardized baseline experimental

experimental

In which type of research would an investigator manipulate at least one factor and observe its effect on some behavior or mental process? the survey the case study experimentation naturalistic observation

experimentation

Alonso is so absorbed in solving complex engineering problems that he loses track of time as he spends entire weekends working. Alonzo's experience best illustrates the concept of strengths-based selection. managing by objectives. 360-degree feedback. flow.

flow.

The risk of being color deficient is greater for men than for women. This best illustrates an important conditioned response. psychodynamic perspective. empirical approach. gender difference.

gender difference.

When you read a bar graph, it is most important for you to mentally transform the data into a normal curve. identify the value of the standard deviation. note the range and size of the scale values. remember that correlation facilitates prediction.

mentally transform the data into a normal curve.

Organizational psychologists are most likely to be involved in matching job applicants with specific work assignments. modifying work environments in order to improve employee engagement. contributing to the design of user-friendly industrial machines. designing training programs to prepare unemployed persons for existing jobs.

modifying work environments in order to improve employee engagement.

A descriptive technique of monitoring and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to change or control the situation is called random sampling. naturalistic observation. replication. the double-blind procedure.

naturalistic observation.

Psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using a research method known as the survey. experimentation. naturalistic observation. the case study.

naturalistic observation.

Efforts to discover whether the intelligence of children is more heavily influenced by their biology or their home environments are most directly relevant to the debate regarding structuralism and functionalism. conscious and unconscious thought. observation and introspection. nature and nurture.

nature and nurture.

Lissette wonders whether personality differences between her friends who recently moved from Nigeria and those who moved from Thailand result primarily from biological influences or from cultural influences. In this instance, Lissette is primarily concerned with the relative contributions of neuroscience and cognition. nature and nurture. behavior and mental processes. conscious and unconscious thoughts.

nature and nurture.

As a business manager, Julie often calls her employees' attention to their occasional mistakes while withholding praise for their many accomplishments. Julie fails to take full advantage of a basic principle of 360-degree feedback. operant conditioning. task leadership. human factors psychology

operant conditioning.

A statement describing the exact procedures for measuring an anticipated experimental outcome is known as a(n) hypothesis. control condition. replication. operational definition.

operational definition.

To assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her school, Ariana sent a questionnaire to every fifteenth person in the registrar's alphabetical listing of all currently enrolled students. Ariana is ensuring that her survey results are accurate by using random assignment. naturalistic observation. replication. random sampling.

random sampling.

Six of the children in Mr. Myers' class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that random sequences of events often don't look random. events often seem more probable in hindsight. sampling extreme cases leads to false generalizations. correlation does not prove causation.

random sequences of events often don't look random.

The scientific attitude requires an open-minded humility because it involves a willingness to avoid multiple levels of analysis. reject any ideas that can't be scientifically tested. recognize the errors in our own ideas. respect political beliefs that contradict our own

recognize the errors in our own ideas.

The illusion that uncontrollable events are correlated with our actions is facilitated by a phenomenon known as regression toward the mean. the correlation coefficient. the central tendency. the standard deviation.

regression toward the mean.

By praising their employees' positive behaviors, managers often encourage their workers to continue laboring productively. This best illustrates the value of reinforcement. 360-degree feedback. a democratic management style. experiencing flow.

reinforcement.

SQ3R is a study method incorporating five steps: survey, question, read, ________, and review. revise reason retrieve research

retrieve

A graphed cluster of dots, each of which represents the values of two factors, is called a bar graph. scatterplot. normal curve. correlation coefficient.

scatterplot.

As discussed in lecture, the key components of psychology are _____________ science, behavior and mental processes psychology, behavior and processes mental processes, root of mind and behavior science, mental processes and growth

science, behavior and mental processes

Illusory correlation refers to the perception of a relationship between two variables that does not exist. a correlation that exceeds the value of +1.00. a random cluster of points on a scatterplot. the belief that correlations indicate relationships between causes and effects.

the perception of a relationship between two variables that does not exist.

The relief of pain following the taking of an inactive substance that is perceived to have medicinal benefits illustrates random assignment. hindsight bias. debriefing. the placebo effect.

the placebo effect.

Which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between the religious beliefs of Americans and their attitudes toward abortion? the survey naturalistic observation the case study experimentation

the survey