Psych Unit 3 Exam

What is considered the normal range of body mass index (BMI) for adults? 10.5-18.5 18.5-24.9 25.0-30.0 30.0-40.0

18.5-24.9

The DSM-5 includes _________ clusters of personality disorders. 5 11 3 9

3

To be classified as a specific phobia, a fear must be significant enough to disrupt everyday life and have lasted for at least _____ months. 4 3 6 12

6

Al must build 25 radios before he receives $20. What schedule of reinforcement is used? A fixed-interval schedule A fixed-ratio schedule A variable-ratio schedule A continuous schedule

A fixed-ratio schedule

Which two brain regions are involved in the experience of fear and anxiety and appear to play a significant role in most anxiety disorders? Amygdala and insula Insula and hypothalamus Prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus Amygdala and temporal lobes

Amygdala and insula

Angelo has been in and out of prison three times for battery and assault. He recently broke into an elderly woman's home where he robbed and severely beat her. He showed no feelings of remorse or regret about his actions. Which personality disorder would be the most appropriate for Angelo? Avoidant Obsessive compulsive Narcissistic Antisocial

Antisocial

Phil wants to train his parrot to kick a ball into a soccer net. Which of the following should he do? Use positive punishment until the parrot kicks the ball into the net. Begin by reinforcing when the parrot goes near the ball. Wait until the parrot kicks the ball into the net on its own and then give it a food treat. Use negative punishment until the parrot kicks the ball into the net.

Begin by reinforcing when the parrot goes near the ball.

A person who is experiencing a delusion may: Believe their baseball team is the best even though the team loses most games, but eventually they concede that other teams have better records and season outcomes. Hear voices telling them they are lazy and dumb. Believe they are from the planet Mars and have special powers. See fairies dancing in their backyard.

Believe they are from the planet Mars and have special powers.

Bill hates to clean up after dinner. One night, he volunteers to bathe the dog before cleaning up. When he finishes with the dog and returns to the kitchen, his wife has cleaned everything up for him. Which of the following statements is most likely true? Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog. Bill will start cleaning up the kitchen before he bathes the dog. Bill's wife has positively reinforced him for bathing the dog. Bill will never bathe the dog again.

Bill's wife has negatively reinforced him for bathing the dog.

____________ is the process of reinforcement of complex behaviors by rewarding the small steps in the overall sequence of behaviors. Classical conditioning Chaining Observational learning Operant conditioning

Chaining

Isabella fears she will have a panic attack in the grocery store and not be able to escape. She thinks every time her heart beats fast she is having a heart attack. Dr. Meyer believes Isabella negatively interprets her bodily symptoms and overestimates the danger in public situations. Dr. Meyer subscribes to which psychological approach to understanding Isabella's anxiety symptoms? Biological Cognitive Behavioral Biopsychosocial

Cognitive

Matias is having many negative thoughts about his performance at work. He thinks he is a loser and his boss is out to get him. He believes that only bad things happen to him. He has been feeling extremely depressed lately. Which approach would explain Matias's symptoms by focusing on his negative thought patterns? Psychodynamic Cognitive Behavioral Sociocultural

Cognitive

Which approach focuses on a person's maladaptive beliefs and negative thoughts to explain psychological disorders? Behavioral Cognitive Psychodynamic Biological

Cognitive

You put a dollar in a soda machine and are rewarded with a bottle of root beer. When you put in another dollar, you get another soda. Assuming that the machine has a limitless supply of root beer, which kind of reinforcement schedule does this machine operate on? Interval reinforcement Continuous reinforcement Partial reinforcement Ratio reinforcement

Continuous reinforcement

Which two disorders are diagnosed more frequently in women? Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia Substance abuse and antisocial personality disorder Depression and anxiety disorders Dissociative identity disorder and substance abuse

Depression and anxiety disorders

Meg is a 13-year-old girl who wears a super hero cape to school each day. Even though other students laugh at her, Meg continues to wear the cape. Meg's behavior fits with which of the 4 D's of abnormal behavior? Danger Dysfunction Deviance Distress

Deviance

Which disorder has produced controversy within the field of psychology to where some psychologists don't believe it is a real disorder? Dissociative identity disorder Schizophrenia Functional neurological symptom disorder Dissociative amnesia

Dissociative identity disorder

Joanne has been diagnosed with a psychological disorder characterized by the existence of two or more personalities, marked with periods of memory impairment, and amnesia for certain events. Joanne has the symptoms of which disorder? Dissociative amnesia Dissociative fugue Schizophrenia Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Which neurotransmitter has been linked to the positive symptoms of schizophrenia? Endorphins Glutamate Serotonin Dopamine

Dopamine

Which schedule of reinforcement tends to get the highest response rate? Variable ratio Fixed interval Fixed ratio Variable interval

Fixed ratio

Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her. According to observational learning theory, what must occur for Cheryl to be effective? Her son must always model the behavior immediately. Cheryl must show her son how to do the laundry while she is making dinner. Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry. Her son must be able to complete other tasks while watching her.

Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry.

What are the 3 I's in borderline personality disorder symptoms? Identity problems, intense feelings, and image issues Instability in relationships, identity disturbance, and impulsive behaviors Issues management, intensity of feelings, and identity problems Impulsive actions, issues of stability, and identity fraud

Instability in relationships, identity disturbance, and impulsive behaviors

What is it called when learning has taken place but has not yet been demonstrated? Observational learning Latent learning Classical conditioning Instinctive drift

Latent learning

What is it called when a person experiences a period of euphoria (excessive happiness), elevated self-esteem, increased talkativeness, enhanced energy, and a decreased need for sleep? Mania Depression Anti-depression Manic-depression

Mania

Dad is watching a home improvement show about how to install a new sink. He really wants to do it and watches the show intently. He knows his wife will reward him when he is done. However, when he tests the new sink, water spurts everywhere. Taking the new sink apart, he finds that he has left out the crucial washers in the faucet assembly even though this was emphasized in the TV show. What part of Bandura's theory of the necessary components of observational learning is most likely the reason for this disaster? Memory Imitation Motivation Inadequate motor skills

Memory

Michael grows up in a home where his father is generally unloving toward his mother. He observes his father yell and degrade his mother, and he notices that his mother never resists this treatment. Based on the work of Bandura, what might we predict about Michael's own relationships when he is older? Michael will probably treat women very well, as he rebels against the behaviors he saw in his father. Michael will always be very distant from his father, as he has learned that his father does not care about anyone but himself. Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father. Michael will probably have no relationships with women, as his father has taught him that relationships are not worth having.

Michael may treat women with discourtesy and disrespect, as he repeats the behavior he saw in his father.

What type of neurons fire if a monkey observes another monkey engaging in an action? Mirror neurons Sensory neurons Motor neurons Magnetic neurons

Mirror neurons

Low levels of which neurotransmitters are linked with depression? Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin Dopamine, endorphins, and glutamate Norepinephrine, glutamate, and dopamine Serotonin, endorphins, and glutamate

Norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

Which type of learning occurs when we observe how other people act? Classical conditioning Operant conditioning Observational learning Insight learning

Observational learning

___________________ reinforcement occurs when something pleasant follows a behavior. Compound Negative Positive Neutral

Positive

Which disorder requires an exposure to a terrifying or life-threatening event to qualify for the diagnosis? Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Which of the following is true of research on insight? Researchers have proven that all creatures, even one-celled organisms such as the amoeba, are capable of insight learning. Researchers have found that only human beings are capable of insight learning. Researchers have found support for the existence of both human and animal insight learning. Researchers have found that apes are capable of insight only after being taught this by humans.

Researchers have found support for the existence of both human and animal insight learning.

________ is an operant-conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced. Shaping Stimulus generalization Stimulus discrimination Spontaneous recovery

Shaping

Lilly is 18 years old and terrified of speaking in front of people. She assumes people will laugh at her, notice her crooked tooth, and think she is ugly. She has felt like this since she was 15 years old, but the symptoms have worsened in the past year since she started college. What is a potential diagnosis for Lilly? Agoraphobia Social anxiety disorder Panic disorder Generalized anxiety disorder

Social anxiety disorder

This disorder involves the presence of physical symptoms combined with abnormal thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in response to those symptoms. Illness anxiety disorder Pain disorder Somatic symptom disorder Conversion disorder

Somatic symptom disorder

Martha trains her cat Whiskers to salivate to the sound of a bell. She rings the bell every 15 minutes and doesn't follow it with food for Whiskers. Whiskers salivates less and less and finally stops salivating at the sound of the ringing bell. A week later, she finds Whiskers salivating to the sound of a ringing bell. Which of the following terms explains this response? Stimulus discrimination Instinctive drift Counterconditioning Spontaneous recovery

Spontaneous recovery

In a conditioning experiment, a sound is paired with a brief puff of air to the eye of a rabbit. After several pairings, the rabbit ultimately blinks its eye when it hears the sound. Which of the following is true? The puff of air serves as the conditioned stimulus. The puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus. The blinking of the eye serves as stimulus. The blinking of the eye serves as the conditioned stimulus.

The puff of air serves as the unconditioned stimulus.

What is psychopathology? The study of symptoms and how they interfere with an individual's work and social activities The scientific study of mental/psychological disorders The scientific study of biological processes and how they interact with environmental stressors to create maladaptive behavior The study of brain abnormalities and how they impact daily functioning

The scientific study of mental/psychological disorders

What was the purpose of the classic 1970s study conducted by David Rosenhan, in which he had mentally healthy volunteers fake psychological symptoms, such as hearing voices, to get themselves admitted to a psychiatric facility? To illustrate the difficulties that patients have in communicating with doctors and other mental health professionals To illustrate the lack of adequate care in psychiatric facilities in the 1970s To demonstrate that labels such as schizophrenia can be stigmatizing and dehumanizing by emphasizing a person's diagnosis rather than their identity To demonstrate that diagnostic assessments are ineffective

To demonstrate that labels such as schizophrenia can be stigmatizing and dehumanizing by emphasizing a person's diagnosis rather than their identity

Ms. Wang gives a sticker for each book her 3rd grade students read. At the end of the year, any student with more than 10 stickers gets to attend a pizza party. What behavioral technique is Ms. Wang using? Negative reinforcement Shaping Token economy Classical conditioning technique

Token economy

________ classical conditioning, operant conditioning requires the organism to voluntarily produce the ________. Like; stimulus Like; response Unlike; response Unlike; consequence

Unlike; response

In order to get her 3rd grade students to memorize the poem written on the chalkboard, Mrs. Thyberg gives the students stickers for each poem they can recite from memory. After earning five stickers, a student gets to pick a prize out of the goody box. Mrs. Thyberg is using ________ to modify the children's behaviors. classical conditioning shaping a token economy negative reinforcement

a token economy

The application of operant-conditioning techniques called ________ has been used to help children with autism. stimulus generalization applied behavior analysis higher-order conditioning counterconditioning

applied behavior analysis

The application of operant-conditioning techniques to teach new responses or to reduce or eliminate maladaptive or problematic behavior is called ________. counterconditioning higher-order conditioning stimulus generalization applied behavior analysis

applied behavior analysis

Rats that have never received any reinforcement for finding the end of a maze are presented with food the next time they complete the maze. According to the theory of latent learning, the next time the rats enter the maze, their performance will be________________. as fast as rats who have always received reinforcement the same as when they were not reinforced slower than when they were not reinforced slower than rats who have always received reinforcement

as fast as rats who have always received reinforcement

Watson's experiment with Little Albert demonstrated that fears might be __________. based on the principals of observational learning based on Skinner's analysis of positive reinforcement based on classical conditioning deeply rooted in the innate unconscious of infants

based on classical conditioning

For observational learning to occur, each of the following must happen except ______. being reinforced for imitating the model remembering what the model did paying attention to what the model does doing what the model did

being reinforced for imitating the model

The new eating disorder in the DSM-5 that involves recurrent episodes of binge eating without any subsequent compensatory behaviors is called ______. binge-eating disorder anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa persistent eating disorder

binge-eating disorder

The type of multidisciplinary approach to understanding psychological symptoms is referred to as ___________________. sociocultural biological cognitive biopsychosocial

biopsychosocial

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders-5th Edition (DSM-5) is the first edition to include ____________. both categorical and dimensional information a biological analysis of each disorder an online platform for mental health professionals to check their accuracy detailed case studies of each diagnosis

both categorical and dimensional information

Discrimination, generalization, and extinction can occur in ________________. classical conditioning only both operant and classical conditioning neither operant nor classical conditioning operant conditioning only

both operant and classical conditioning

Nada has been diagnosed with schizophrenia that includes excessive motor symptoms where she often paces frantically. This movement symptom is called _______________. motoria catatonia alogia anhedonia

catatonia

Reflexive learning is related to _____________, while learning related to voluntary behaviors is known as __________. observational learning; classical conditioning classical conditioning; observational learning classical conditioning; operant conditioning operant conditioning; classical conditioning

classical conditioning; operant conditioning

Scientists like Tolman and Köhler conducted important studies to help determine the role of _________ in learning. operant conditioning cognition reinforcement classical conditioning

cognition

In Watson and Rayner's "Little Albert" study, each time the rat was presented to the boy, it was accompanied by a loud noise which eventually led Albert to cry when presented with the rat. In this experiment, Albert's reaction of fear upon seeing the rat was a(n) ________ response. counterconditioned conditioned unconditioned latent

conditioned

John Watson offered a live, white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind Albert's head by striking a steel bar with a hammer. Eventually, the white rat alone made Albert cry. The white rat served as the ________ stimulus in this study. conditioned unconditioned discriminative counterconditioning

conditioned

Sal's dog loves to go on a walk and starts spinning in circles and wagging his tail in excitement when his lead is clipped onto his collar. Eventually Sal begins to notice that his dog starts to act excited when he puts on his tennis shoes before a walk. His dog's behavior of spinning in circles and wagging his tail when Sal puts on his tennis shoes is a ___________________. unconditioned stimulus conditioned response unconditioned response conditioned stimulus

conditioned response

In the past, thunder has made you flinch because the loud noise scares you. Lightning always comes before the thunder and after time, you begin to flinch as soon as the lightning strikes. In this scenario, lightning can be interpreted as a(n) ________. conditioned response unconditioned response conditioned stimulus unconditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

The neutral stimulus, when paired with an unconditioned stimulus, becomes a(n) ________ in classical conditioning. unconditioned response conditioned response unconditioned stimulus conditioned stimulus

conditioned stimulus

Cognitive psychologists view the development and/or maintenance of anxiety as a result of ____________. unconscious fear distorted, negative thoughts overactive amygdala reinforced fear

distorted, negative thoughts

The four D's of a psychological disorder include distress, deviance, ________, and sometimes danger. disturbance dysfunction depression debilitation

dysfunction

Research on mirror neurons shows that these neurons fire when an animal________________. is at rest either engages in a particular behavior or watches another animal engage in the behavior engages in a particular behavior only watches another animal engage in a particular behavior only

either engages in a particular behavior or watches another animal engage in the behavior

Mental health professionals who view depression from a cognitive-behavioral perspective explain it as an interaction between the individual's ________ environment and their ________ thoughts and beliefs. internal; internal external; internal internal; external family; irrational

external; internal

In classical conditioning, ________ occurs when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus. spontaneous recovery stimulus generalization extinction stimulus distinction

extinction

Reinforcement given for a response emitted after each hour and a half (e.g., 10 a.m., 11:30 a.m., 1 p.m.) is most likely a ___________________ schedule. variable-ratio fixed-ratio variable-interval fixed-interval

fixed-interval

Of the following, ________ would serve as a primary reinforcer for most people. food money attention praise

food

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park, you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven't seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of ________. spontaneous recovery unconscious trial-and-error imagery insight formation of a cognitive map

formation of a cognitive map

The diathesis-stress model suggests people are ________ predisposed to schizophrenia but will only develop it if exposed to certain ________ during critical developmental periods. genetically; toxins environmentally; genetics genetically; stressors chemically; environments

genetically; stressors

John has been working on a math problem late at night without success, and he falls asleep. Upon awakening, he suddenly realizes how to answer the problem. This scenario best illustrates __________ learning. observational insight cognitive latent

insight

You need to remove a broken light bulb from a lamp. Without a pair of gloves, you are likely to cut yourself on the jagged glass. Suddenly, it occurs to you that you can use a cut potato to remove the light bulb from the socket. You have just demonstrated discrimination generalization latent learning insight learning

insight learning

Learning that occurs but is not immediately reflected in a behavior change is called ________. reflexive learning insight innate learning latent learning

latent learning

A behavioral approach to explain a person's fear of flying would focus on _______ patterns of behavior and experiences. biological cognitive learned unconscious

learned

Giada has an irrational fear of dogs. A behavioral psychologist would believe her anxious behavior was ______. unconscious socially constructed genetic learned

learned

Major depressive disorder is characterized by either depressed mood or __________ in activities and accompanied by ________ other symptoms that last for more than 2 weeks. lack of interest; 2 increased interest; 4 excessive participation; 6 loss of interest; 4

loss of interest; 4

Mary has missed the last 3 weeks of classes because she can't get out of bed. She also turns down invitations to go out with friends, hasn't showered in 3 days, and feels like her life is worthless. Mary is likely experiencing ___________. major depressive disorder (MDD) normal fluctuations in mood bipolar disorder seasonal affective disorder

major depressive disorder (MDD)

A __________ neuron fires not only when an animal engages in a particular action, but also if an animal observes another animal (or human) engaging in the same action. mirror motor reflex chaining

mirror

You listened to your psychology instructor talk about the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and you wondered if you qualified for that diagnosis. You recognize that you tend to worry about things, such as passing your classes and what to wear to the party. As you think more about it, you realize you don't experience the three additional symptoms required for the diagnosis. Those three additional symptoms could include ____________. muscle tension, fatigue, and lack of sleep lack of sleep, lack of motivation, and muscle tension difficulty concentrating, irritability, and appetite problems social problems, muscle tension, and lack of sleep

muscle tension, fatigue, and lack of sleep

Being grounded or put in "time out" effectively removes pleasant stimuli (e.g., attention from others) from the individual. This is called________________. positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment

negative punishment

When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response, it is known as ________. positive reinforcement negative reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment

negative punishment

Fred is afraid of spiders. He won't even watch a nature show on TV about them. When he sees a picture of a spider, he has a panic attack, but when he avoids looking at the image, his panic goes away. Fred's avoidance of spiders is ________. recovered spontaneously; he will never get better negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down positively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down extinguished; he feels anxious after doing so

negatively reinforced; he is rewarded by his anxiety going down

After watching her father slide through pictures on his smartphone using his index finger, Laura, a 5-year-old, learns to use her finger to slide the screen on his smartphone. Laura acquired this behavior through ________. observational learning classical conditioning operant conditioning counterconditioning

observational learning

Stefan is a bank executive who has intrusive thoughts throughout the day about germs and contamination. He constantly worries he will become sick and die from the germs. He has to interrupt important business meetings to wash his hands and refuses to shake hands with anyone. The thoughts have been a persistent problem for him for 10 years. Stefan's thoughts would be considered ____________. traumatic compulsions anxiety obsessions

obsessions

In schizophrenia, pathological excesses or distortions of normal functioning that include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thinking and speech are called _____________ symptoms. additional negative positive residual

positive

Kyla wants to make sure her dog Axel does not beg for food from the table. Every time Axel begs, Kyla says, "no" in a sharp, scolding voice and she never gives in. Kyla is using ________. negative punishment negative reinforcement stimulus generalization positive punishment

positive punishment

Dr. Sardis provides his students with extra credit points every time they speak in class to encourage class participation. Dr. Sardis is using________________. positive reinforcement positive punishment negative punishment negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement

The psychodynamic approach to understanding anxiety disorders suggests anxiety is the result of ________. the guilt produced by the ego powerful, repressed id urges attempting to surface strong defense mechanisms, which produce an overabundance of thoughts the superego attempting to control thoughts

powerful, repressed id urges attempting to surface

Certain underlying factors can make a person susceptible to a mental disorder. These can include genetics, birth defects, and certain toxins such as alcohol or viruses. These factors are called _______ causes. precipitating predetermining predisposing perpetuating

predisposing

Bethany unconsciously avoids talking about her childhood whenever possible. Her friend points out that she always changes the subject when her past is discussed. Surprised, Bethany denied this was true. However, her friend quickly replied "denial is a common way of handling unconscious anxiety—I wonder if there's something in your childhood that was traumatic enough for you to have completely repressed the memory?" Bethany's friend's view is typical of the ____________ approach to psychological symptoms. biopsychosocial behavioral cognitive psychodynamic

psychodynamic

Rami has been experiencing a number of concerning symptoms, so he makes an appointment to see a psychologist. After an assessment, the psychologist assigns a label to Rami's psychological symptoms by identifying and classifying them. Rami has received a ____________. biopsychosocial opinion medical diagnosis psychological diagnosis prognosis

psychological diagnosis

When the number of responses is important to a schedule of reinforcement, that schedule is called a ________ schedule. interval conditioned time-delayed ratio

ratio

Gary trains his hamster to roll a marble. First, he reinforces the hamster when it walks toward the marble, then he reinforces when it touches the marble with its nose. Finally, the hamster learns to roll the marble and is reinforced for it. This example illustrates ________. shaping the Premack principle counterconditioning classical conditioning

shaping

Every week, Jade spends her allowance on ½-pound of sour lemon gummy candies, even though they always make her mouth water. One day, as she is walking down the street, Jade sees a girl carrying a little white bag that looks like a candy shop bag! Jade notices that her mouth is puckering and overflowing with saliva. In this example, the unconditioned stimulus is the________________. sour lemon gummy candy little white bag puckering and saliva allowance money

sour lemon gummy candy

In Pavlov's studies, he was able to condition dogs to salivate in response to specific tones while not salivating to other similar tones. This is called ______________. stimulus discrimination behavior modification stimulus generalization extinction

stimulus discrimination

After Little Albert acquired a conditioned fear of rats, Watson wanted to see how he would react to a white rabbit, cotton wool, and a Santa Claus mask. He was studying whether or not ________ had occurred. extinction stimulus discrimination behavior modification stimulus generalization

stimulus generalization

A reinforcer is a consequence that ________ a behavior, while a punisher is a consequence that ________ a behavior. motivates; stimulates strengthens; weakens weakens; strengthens inhibits; motivates

strengthens; weakens

Promising yourself some kind of reward for completing a task you are not excited about is an example of________________. positive punishment the Premack principle negative punishment a token economy

the Premack principle

You decide to condition your dog to salivate to the sound of a metronome. You give the dog a biscuit, and then a second later you sound the metronome. You do this several times, but no conditioning seems to occur. This is probably because ________. the metronome should have been sounded before the dog ate the biscuit you should have had a longer interval between the metronome and the biscuit the metronome was not a distinctive sound Pavlov found that the CS and UCS must be only seconds apart to condition salivation

the metronome should have been sounded before the dog ate the biscuit

Normally, when food is placed in the mouth of any animal, the salivary glands start releasing saliva to help with chewing and digestion. In terms of Pavlov's analysis of learning, salivation would be referred to as a(an) ________. conditioned response unconditioned response voluntary response digestive reflux

unconditioned response

Borderline personality disorder is characterized by poor self-image, _______ moods, stormy and intense personal relationships, and impulsive behaviors. unstable angry manic depressed

unstable

With respect to suicide, _____________ are more likely to attempt suicide, while ___________ are more likely to die as a result of their suicide attempt. women; men men; women adults; adolescents White males; Black males

women; men