Psychodynamic therapy

anal stage

- 1.5-3 years -key issue is control -parents impose control on child (toilet training and other forms of self control) - overly-demanding parents- control freaks- obsessiveness - overly- lenient parents- lax about organizations, slobs, disorganization

free associations

- client simply say whatever comes into mind without any self- censorship or self editing - not easy to allow self to be absolutely spontaneous - allow the unconscious to be expressed

why start with psychodynamic therapy?

- it came first in history - many other therapies were reactions against it - despite a recent decline, it still influences many clinical psychologists

dreams

- manifest content represents latent content which contains unconscious wishes

goal of psychodynamic therapy

- to make the unconscious conscious - insight into thoughts, feelings and other mental activity previously outside of awareness - the very presence of the unconscious was a fundamental idea of freuds

oral stage

-0-1.5 years - key issue is dependence/ trust - "Can I trust others to take care of me"? - Under indulgence- a trustful and pessimistic of others - over indulgence- have an overlying trusting - of course, blatantly or all behaviors can occur as well (smoking and over eating )

phallic stage

-3-6 years - key issue if self worth/ view of self - children seek to have special, chose relationships with parents - if parents respond to positively, children's sense of self becomes inflated (arrogant, egoistical)

transference

-client forms a relationship[ with therapist in which client unconsciously and unrealistically expels therapist to behave like important people from the client past - client bring similar transference issues to the client therapist relationship just as they do many of the other relationships in their lives -help clients become aware of their own transference tendencies and the way in which these unrealistic perceptions others affect their relations in their lives (interpretation, followed by working through phase)

resistance

-clients resist certain topics in therapy because they touch on certain unconscious feelings or thoughts - missed appoinemts lardiness, change subjects

more contemporary forms of psychodynamic psychotherapy

-ego psychology -object relations -self psychology

psychotherapy stages: clinical implications

1) oral stage 2) Anal stage 3) Phallic stage 4) latency stage

Termination

Psycholtherapy has arrive at by mutual and satisfactory agreement that the major goals of treatment have been attained.

• Regression

Temporary reversion of the ego to an earlier stage of development rather than handling unacceptable impulses in a more adult way, for example, using whining as a method of communicating despite already having acquired the ability to speak with an appropriate level of maturity

Level 1: Psychotic

When predominant, the mechanisms on this level are almost always severely pathological. These six defences, in conjunction, permit one effectively to rearrange external experiences to eliminate the need to cope with reality. Pathological users of these mechanisms frequently appear irrational or insane to others. These are the "psychotic" defences, common in overt psychosis. However, they are normally found in dreams and throughout childhood as well.[22] They include

projection

attribute to impulse to others (balance to others)-possessing a feeling that is deigned as socially unacceptable and instead of facing it, that feeling or "unconscious urge" is seen in the actions of other people

Working Alliance

completes this survey of major analytic concepts and processes. It is the relatively nonneurotic, rational relationship between the client and the therapist which make it possible for the client to work purposefully in the analytical situation.

reaction formation

do opposite of impulse-

most recent form of psychoanalytic

efficiency of brevity

self psychology

emphasizes parental roles in development of the self with special attention to narcissism

object relations

emphasizes relationships between internalized "objects"

ego psychology

emphasizes social relationships over psychosexual stages

assessing the unconcious

free association, Freudian slips, dreams, resistence

Interpretation

is a procedure which distinguishes psychoanalysis from all other therapies. to interpret means to make an unconscious phenomenon conscious.

Working through

is the final step in the process. Refers to a complex set of procedures and processes which occur after an insight has been given. It refers in the main to the repetitive, progressive, and elaborate explanations of the resistances which prevent an insight from leading to change.

Confrontation

is the first step in analyzing a phychic phenomenon. The phenomenon in question has to be made explicit to the clients awareness.

repressions

keep impulse in unconscious-when a feeling is hidden and forced from the consciousness to the unconscious because it is seen as socially unacceptable.-falling back into an early state of mental/physical development seen as "less demanding and safer

displacement

redirect impulse

sublimation

redirect impulse in a way that benefits others-seen as the most acceptable of the mechanisms, an expression of anxiety in socially acceptable ways

psychodynamic psychotherapy

refers broadly to Sigmaud Freuds approach to therapy and all subsequent efforts to revise and expand on it (psychoanalytic therapy and neo-Freudian therapy)

Clarification

refers to those activities that aim at placing the psychic phenomenon being analyzed in sharp focus.

blank session

role of the therapist facilitates transference

defense mechanisms

unconscious technique created by ego, as an attempt1 to handle conflict between id and super ego

Freudian slips

verbal or behavioral mistakes reveal the unconscious wishes

4 Levels of Defense Mechanisms

• Level I - pathological defences (psychotic denial, delusional projection) • Level II - immature defences (fantasy, projection, passive aggression, acting out) • Level III - neurotic defences (intellectualization, reaction formation, dissociation, displacement, repression) • Level IV - mature defences (humour, sublimation, suppression, altruism, anticipation)