Psychology 1 Chapter 1-5 Homework and Quizzes

the hallmarks of psychology as a science are

careful experimentation and the application of critical thinking.

______ taught at Wellesley College for more than 30 years and was the first woman president of the American Psychological Association.

Mary Whiton Calkins

One of the most pervasive psychological myths is that

humans use only 10 percent of their brains.

The study of the nervous system is called

neuroscience

A _______ is most likely to study the brain activities that underlie human behavior.

neuroscientist

The social brain hypothesis states that

people can keep close tabs on only about 150 different personal relationships

Which of the following approaches to psychology did Edward Titchener advocate in the late 1800s?

structuralism

The idea that children are born with no knowledge or "content" whatsoever and are "filled" by life experiences is called

tabula rasa.

A researcher presents his participant with a series of flashing lights at varying intervals. After each presentation of a light, he asks the participant to fully describe her internal experiences, a method known as

introspection

A quarter in your hand casts a different image on your retina than a quarter taped to the wall across the room, yet you know that the quarters have exactly the same dimensions. This phenomenon would be best explained by a

Gestalt psychologist.

When the U.S. Supreme Court was deliberating on whether to require schools to integrate black children and white children, their decision to strike down laws permitting segregated schools was greatly influenced by the "Doll Test," conducted by

Kenneth Clark and Mamie Phipps Clark.

Cognitive psychology focouses

on how people think, remember, store, and use information.

The study of how physical events, such as lights and sounds, affect our senses is called

psychophysics

Plato's allegory of the cave indicates that

truths about reality are not always obvious.

What is a mainstream psychologist most likely to think about Sigmund Freud?

Freudian theory is untestable and not grounded in science.

How is natural selection related to psychology?

Humans behave as they do in part because that behavior promotes survival.

In Plato's cave allegory, a prisoner was temporarily unchained and allowed to see the fire at the mouth of the cave. When he returned to the chains, the other prisoners

refused to believe him.

The discipline of psychology can most accurately be defined as the study of

the mind and behavior

The followers of _______ argue that there is a close relationship between animal behavior and human behavior.

Charles Darwin

Gestalt psychologists such as Max Wertheimer and Wolfgang Köhler argue

argue that the overall experience of human perception is greater than the sum of its parts.

Which pair of scientists most closely shared views of behavior? a. William James and Wilhelm Wundt b. Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike c. B. F. Skinner and William James d. Mary Whiton Calkins and Edward Titchener

b. Ivan Pavlov and Edward Thorndike

Which statement reflects a reasonable attitude for a good student of psychology to have toward any claim about human behavior? a. It is fine to accept an idea until it is proven wrong. b. Skepticism is advisable until an idea is proven right. c. The older an idea is, the more likely it is to be correct. d. The more popular an idea is, the more likely it is to be correct.

b. Skepticism is advisable until an idea is proven right.

An overwhelming amount of scientific evidence indicates that a. exposing young children to classical music increases their IQs. b. subliminal advertising can compel people to buy things they do not really want. c. the crime rate increases dramatically around the time of a full moon. d. people are born with specific sexual orientations.

d. people are born with specific sexual orientations.

For a behaviorist, the goal of psychology is to

determine how various experiences result in different behaviors.

Parents who agree with John Locke's notion of tabula rasa would most likely

expose their children to a rich variety of sensory experiences.

A proponent of functionalism would most likely be found in a

forest, studying the observable behavior of animals.

Which of the following perspectives argues that human behavior develops in certain ways because it serves a useful purpose?

functionalism

According to René Descartes, the very fact that he is thinking proves that

he exists.

The year 1879 might be thought of as the beginning of psychology as a science because that is the year

Wilhelm Wundt developed and opened the first psychology laboratory.

your uncle tells you about an interesting magazine article explaining that humans use only 10 percent of their brains. As a student of psychology, your response should be: a. "Well, research actually shows that almost all of the brain is continually active." b. "I know! Isn't that just astonishing?" c. "In fact, most neuroscientists would say the figure is closer to 5 percent." d. "The data aren't conclusive on that yet, but most psychologists would agree with you."

a. "Well, research actually shows that almost all of the brain is continually active."

Which of the following is a myth of psychology? a. We are consciously aware of only a small part of our mental activity. b. Heritable traits, such as IQ, cannot be altered by experience. c. Experience physically alters the structure of the brain. d. The mind is a product of a physical machine, the brain.

b. Heritable traits, such as IQ, cannot be altered by experience.

A _______ would be most likely to argue that a 13-year-old boy took up smoking because his father, older brothers, and friends were smokers

behaviorist

An important principle to remember when studying psychology is that a. genetics has very little influence on our behavior. b. we are consciously aware of all the events that affect our behavior. c. the act of learning changes the physical structure of the brain. d. adults rarely alter their behavior according to what those around them are doing.

c. the act of learning changes the physical structure of the brain.

In the late 1800s, a student of Edward Titchener would likely have been trained to

carefully examine his own internal experiences.