Psychology 200 Exam 2

Adaptation occurs quickly to pheromones.

False

Conductive deafness is primarily a problem with the auditory nerve.

False

Itching appears to be a type of pain message.

False

What is TRUE about altruistic behavior?​

It is difficult to explain from an evolutionary/genetic point of view.

​What occurs to a tone as the frequency increases?

Pitch gets higher.

Three small bones connect the tympanic membrane to the oval window. What is the function of these bones?

They convert airwaves into waves of greater pressure.

According to the place theory, the basilar membrane resembles the strings of a piano in that each area along the membrane is tuned to a specific frequency.

True

Taste receptors are continually being replaced.

True

The amplitude of a sound wave is its intensity.

True

The pinna helps us identify the location of a sound.

True

The structures within the ear amplify the sound waves coming into the ear.

True

There are hundreds of different types of olfactory receptors.

True

To what does "shape constancy" refer?​

We can recognize objects even at different orientations.

Given the characteristics of small-molecule transmitters and neuropeptides, we can conclude that small-molecule transmitters​

are well-suited to roles as neurotransmitters, whereas neuropeptides are well-suited to roles as neuromodulators.

A tonotopic map refers to a(n) ____.

auditory cortex map of sounds

The areas of the cortex used by expert video game players are most likely to ____ than the same cortical areas of those who do not play video games.​

be thicker

The scala media makes up part of the ____.

cochlea

Tinnitus may be ____.

due to a phenomenon like the phantom limb

Pitch is a perception related to which aspect of sound?

frequency

The one additional feature that hypercomplex cells have that complex cells do not is that hypercomplex cells ____.​

have a strong inhibitory area at one end of its receptive field

Kin selection as an explanation for altruistic behavior would argue that ____.​

individuals spread their genes by helping their relatives

The ability to detect movement better than color in our peripheral vision is largely due to ____.​

magnocellular neurons in the periphery

In the auditory system, hair cells are specialized receptors that respond to ____.

mechanical displacement

What kind of deafness is the result of damage to the cochlea or the hair cells?

nerve

Axons from the lateral geniculate extend to which area of the cerebral cortex?​

occipital lobe

The tympanic membrane connects to three tiny bones that transmit the vibrations to the ____.

oval window

Proliferation is the ____.​

production of new cells

The ____ of any neuron in the visual system is the area of the visual field that excites or inhibits it.​

receptive field

A trait not expressed when combined with a dominant trait is called a(n) ____ trait.​

recessive

In addition to having difficulty recognizing faces, people with prosopagnosia may have difficulty____.​

recognizing different kinds of plants and animals

Which theory can best explain why people that are wearing yellow-colored glasses can still identify the color of a green apple?​

retinex theory

Damage to the ventral stream may interfere with ____.​

the ability to describe the shape or size of an object

If a trait has high heritability, ____.​

the environment may possibly influence that trait

Evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is defined as ____.​

the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations

According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, what is the basis for color vision?​

three kinds of cones

The eardrum is also known as the ____.

tympanic membrane

How much alcohol, if any, can a pregnant woman drink without worrying about the negative effects on her child?​

​Unknown, and therefore abstention is recommended

Why do children with PKU develop intellectual disabilities?​

​Unmetabolized amino acids accumulate and affect the brain

What is the intensity of a sound wave called?​

​amplitude

Each spinal nerve has ____.

​both a sensory and a motor component

The scala vestibuli makes up part of the ____.

​cochlea

According to the retinex theory, we perceive color by ____.​

​contrasting the activity in one area of the visual field with that of the others

Vibrations in the fluid of the cochlea causes ____.

​hair cells to displace

What is the perception of the intensity of a sound wave called?

​loudness

The structure that we commonly refer to as the ear (on the outside of the head) is formally known as the ____.

​pinna

Pain receptors of the skin are ____.

​simple, bare neuron endings