Psychology - Altered States of Consciousness (7)

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the possible effects of a drug?

the legality of the particular drug

A ritualistic practice of clearing the mind in order to achieve relaxation and inner peace is known as ___________.

B. meditation

Peyote contains a psychotropic drug called __________.

B. mescaline

Biofeedback can be used to control all of the following except __________.

B. muscle growth

Drugs that slow down the nervous system are known as ___________.

B. sedatives

Meditation is most similar to which of the following?

B. studying

When in a hypnotic state, a person's brain waves will be most similar to what other state of consciousness?

B. waking state

Which statement is true about dopamine?

B. (92%) Drug-addicted brains become used to tolerating higher levels of dopamine.

The effectiveness of biofeedback has been a subject of controversy because biofeedback __________.

B. (92%) cannot be effectively tested

Mindful meditation encourages practitioners to __________.

B. (92%) focus on one particular image or thought

According to Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis is the result of __________.

D. the effects of a "hidden observer" in the unconscious

People who are hypnotized _________.

D. won't do something they don't want to

Louis is 90 years old and suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Olivia is 24 years old and does not want to be hypnotized. Frank is 16 years old and has attention deficit disorder. Alice is 30 years old and is a successful business woman. All of these subjects are otherwise healthy. Based on the information above, which of these subjects would most likely be easily hypnotizable?

D. (92%) Alice

Which of the following statements about illegal drugs is false?

D. (92%) Measuring the proper dosage of an illegal drug is easy.

Which researcher theorized that hypnosis comes about as a form of roleplay between hypnotist and subject?

D. (92%) Milton Erickson

Forms of meditation hail from which traditions?

Eastern and Western traditions

When Rodney practices transcendental meditation, he tries to keep an empty mind.

False

All drugs that are capable of producing an altered state are illegal.

(92%) False

Everyone can be hypnotized.

(92%) False

Meditation is only effective when sitting in the lotus position.

(92%) False

Ancient oracles often entered so-called "ecstatic states" when they received visions. The oracles claimed that these ecstatic states were caused by __________.

A. contact with spirits and gods

Biofeedback promotes _______________ in order to treat health conditions.

A. focusing the mind

Biofeedback depends on one's ability to __________.

A. learn from feedback

Being able to enter a flow state while doing an activity is usually the result of __________.

A. mastery of the activity being done

Drugs that are taken to relieve pain are called __________.

A. narcotics

A person who has an addiction might do all of the following except __________.

A. only get the drug from a legitimate doctor

When a person comes to believe that they need a drug, it can be said that the individual is experiencing __________.

A. psychological dependence

Savannah has been diagnosed with panic attacks. She and her doctors are trying to figure out how to get her panic attacks under control. She is hooked up to a machine that beeps when her heart rate speeds up so that she can concentrate on lowering her heart rate and keeping calm. Savannah's doctors are more than likely using __________ to help her control her panic attacks.

A. (92%) biofeedback

What is the typical minimum duration of a meditation session?

B. 15 minutes

Which figure was responsible for the initial use of hypnosis as a medical treatment?

B. Franz Mesmer

Which of Franz Mesmer's claims about his mesmerism abilities eventually led to his downfall?

B. He could mesmerize and magnetize trees.

Of the following statements, which is not a common myth regarding hypnosis?

B. Hypnotized people are less focused on their surroundings.

The physician who was inspired by traveling mesmerists and who coined the term hypnosis was ____________.

B. James Braid

The French neuroscientist who helped legitimatize the practice of hypnosis was ____________.

B. Jean Charcot

Which event led to the decline of Franz Mesmer's brand of hypnosis?

B. a scientifically controlled experiment

The brain rewards certain activity by releasing the neurotransmitter __________.

B. dopamine

Choose the correct cycle of addiction.

B. drug use, tolerance, dependence, addiction, withdrawal

A state of joyful activity in which the subject performs an action effortlessly and skillfully is known as a(n) __________.

B. flow state

Which of the following categories of psychotropic drugs is the hardest to build a tolerance toward?

B. hallucinogens

Which of the following is one of the reported benefits of effective meditation?

B. increased positive emotions

It is typical for people in hypnotic trances to temporarily __________.

B. lose track of their immediate surroundings

__________ is a state of consciousness in which attention is focused very narrowly and the subject experiences increased suggestibility.

C. Hypnosis

The term hypnosis was coined by ___________.

C. James Braid

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about a person who has become physiologically dependent on a substance?

C. Their physical functioning will be reduced if they are deprived of that substance.

When a person who is meditating tries to focus on a single image, they are practicing which type of meditation?

C. concentrative

Which of the following is an effect of entering the state of hypnotism?

C. greatly increased focus

All of the following are examples of hypnotism methods except __________.

C. hypnosis certification

Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment for addiction?

C. methadone

All of the following are methods that drugs can be administered except __________.

C. peer pressure

What is the term used to describe the body's addiction to drugs?

C. physiological dependence

All of the following except __________ releases dopamine naturally.

C. sleeping

Drug abuse is best defined as __________.

C. the nonmedical or improper use of a drug that can interfere with a healthy life

The concept of "magnetisme animal" implied which of the following?

C. (92%) Every person has a raw, magnetic energy.

Which of the following statements about the technique of hypnotic regression is not true?

Courts often depend upon recovered memories.

Which of the following methods transmits a drug directly into the bloodstream?

D. intravenous

Which of the following people was one of Sigmund Freud's instructors and believed that hypnosis could cure hysteria?

D. Jean Martin Charcot

Why are drugs like sleeping pills described as the opposite of amphetamines?

D. Stimulants increase breathing and heart rate, while depressants slow these functions.

A state of consciousness in which there is a change in a person's awareness level or thought process is generally called a(n) __________.

D. altered state

A technique in which people use machines to learn how to control their bodies is known as __________.

D. biofeedback

The proper order of the cycle of addiction is __________.

D. drug use, tolerance, dependence, addiction, and then withdrawal

All substances that cause altered states are prohibited by governments.

False

Drugs always produce the same sensation in first-time users.

False

Drugs are substances that cause a change in a person's physical, not mental, state.

False

Mindful meditation should focus on the mental image that brings the most happiness.

False

Patients generally report conscious awareness of posthypnotic suggestions.

False

Posthypnotic suggestion can create a trigger in a person that causes them to react violently.

False

Prescription medicine may be safely taken by any person.

False

Spanish conquistadors were not concerned with Native American uses of peyote.

False

The intravenous method of transmitting drugs involves swallowing the drug.

False

Which of the following people came up with the term "hypnosis"?

James Braid

A drug like cocaine causes more dopamine to be produced in the brain.

True

Alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs, but have some restrictions as to their usage.

True

Biofeedback advocates say their treatment can help relieve tension headaches.

True

Hallucinogens distort an individual's perceptions of reality.

True

Hypnosis is commonly used by athletes to control their performance anxiety.

True

Hypnotic suggestion has been shown to help patients prep and recover from surgery.

True

Meditation can be done while standing.

True

Meditation is often prescribed by psychologists in conjunction with other types of treatment.

True

Self-hypnosis is generally regarded as a safe practice.

True

Some believe that the effects of hypnosis may not be from hypnosis but from people believing that hypnosis works.

True

Studies investigating the benefits of meditation and biofeedback have shown mixed results.

True

Those seeking professional hypnotherapy should look for professionals holding medical degrees from accredited and trusted institutions.

True

The purpose of biofeedback is to help subjects __________.

control their internal processes

What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

keeping foreign particles out of the brain

Franz Mesmer's theory of medicine was that illnesses, especially hysteria, were caused by which of the following?

misalignment of the body's magnetic fluids