Psychology - Altered States of Consciousness (7)
Which of the following is not a factor in determining the possible effects of a drug?
the legality of the particular drug
A ritualistic practice of clearing the mind in order to achieve relaxation and inner peace is known as ___________.
B. meditation
Peyote contains a psychotropic drug called __________.
B. mescaline
Biofeedback can be used to control all of the following except __________.
B. muscle growth
Drugs that slow down the nervous system are known as ___________.
B. sedatives
Meditation is most similar to which of the following?
B. studying
When in a hypnotic state, a person's brain waves will be most similar to what other state of consciousness?
B. waking state
Which statement is true about dopamine?
B. (92%) Drug-addicted brains become used to tolerating higher levels of dopamine.
The effectiveness of biofeedback has been a subject of controversy because biofeedback __________.
B. (92%) cannot be effectively tested
Mindful meditation encourages practitioners to __________.
B. (92%) focus on one particular image or thought
According to Ernest Hilgard, hypnosis is the result of __________.
D. the effects of a "hidden observer" in the unconscious
People who are hypnotized _________.
D. won't do something they don't want to
Louis is 90 years old and suffers from Alzheimer's disease. Olivia is 24 years old and does not want to be hypnotized. Frank is 16 years old and has attention deficit disorder. Alice is 30 years old and is a successful business woman. All of these subjects are otherwise healthy. Based on the information above, which of these subjects would most likely be easily hypnotizable?
D. (92%) Alice
Which of the following statements about illegal drugs is false?
D. (92%) Measuring the proper dosage of an illegal drug is easy.
Which researcher theorized that hypnosis comes about as a form of roleplay between hypnotist and subject?
D. (92%) Milton Erickson
Forms of meditation hail from which traditions?
Eastern and Western traditions
When Rodney practices transcendental meditation, he tries to keep an empty mind.
False
All drugs that are capable of producing an altered state are illegal.
(92%) False
Everyone can be hypnotized.
(92%) False
Meditation is only effective when sitting in the lotus position.
(92%) False
Ancient oracles often entered so-called "ecstatic states" when they received visions. The oracles claimed that these ecstatic states were caused by __________.
A. contact with spirits and gods
Biofeedback promotes _______________ in order to treat health conditions.
A. focusing the mind
Biofeedback depends on one's ability to __________.
A. learn from feedback
Being able to enter a flow state while doing an activity is usually the result of __________.
A. mastery of the activity being done
Drugs that are taken to relieve pain are called __________.
A. narcotics
A person who has an addiction might do all of the following except __________.
A. only get the drug from a legitimate doctor
When a person comes to believe that they need a drug, it can be said that the individual is experiencing __________.
A. psychological dependence
Savannah has been diagnosed with panic attacks. She and her doctors are trying to figure out how to get her panic attacks under control. She is hooked up to a machine that beeps when her heart rate speeds up so that she can concentrate on lowering her heart rate and keeping calm. Savannah's doctors are more than likely using __________ to help her control her panic attacks.
A. (92%) biofeedback
What is the typical minimum duration of a meditation session?
B. 15 minutes
Which figure was responsible for the initial use of hypnosis as a medical treatment?
B. Franz Mesmer
Which of Franz Mesmer's claims about his mesmerism abilities eventually led to his downfall?
B. He could mesmerize and magnetize trees.
Of the following statements, which is not a common myth regarding hypnosis?
B. Hypnotized people are less focused on their surroundings.
The physician who was inspired by traveling mesmerists and who coined the term hypnosis was ____________.
B. James Braid
The French neuroscientist who helped legitimatize the practice of hypnosis was ____________.
B. Jean Charcot
Which event led to the decline of Franz Mesmer's brand of hypnosis?
B. a scientifically controlled experiment
The brain rewards certain activity by releasing the neurotransmitter __________.
B. dopamine
Choose the correct cycle of addiction.
B. drug use, tolerance, dependence, addiction, withdrawal
A state of joyful activity in which the subject performs an action effortlessly and skillfully is known as a(n) __________.
B. flow state
Which of the following categories of psychotropic drugs is the hardest to build a tolerance toward?
B. hallucinogens
Which of the following is one of the reported benefits of effective meditation?
B. increased positive emotions
It is typical for people in hypnotic trances to temporarily __________.
B. lose track of their immediate surroundings
__________ is a state of consciousness in which attention is focused very narrowly and the subject experiences increased suggestibility.
C. Hypnosis
The term hypnosis was coined by ___________.
C. James Braid
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about a person who has become physiologically dependent on a substance?
C. Their physical functioning will be reduced if they are deprived of that substance.
When a person who is meditating tries to focus on a single image, they are practicing which type of meditation?
C. concentrative
Which of the following is an effect of entering the state of hypnotism?
C. greatly increased focus
All of the following are examples of hypnotism methods except __________.
C. hypnosis certification
Which of the following is the most common pharmacological treatment for addiction?
C. methadone
All of the following are methods that drugs can be administered except __________.
C. peer pressure
What is the term used to describe the body's addiction to drugs?
C. physiological dependence
All of the following except __________ releases dopamine naturally.
C. sleeping
Drug abuse is best defined as __________.
C. the nonmedical or improper use of a drug that can interfere with a healthy life
The concept of "magnetisme animal" implied which of the following?
C. (92%) Every person has a raw, magnetic energy.
Which of the following statements about the technique of hypnotic regression is not true?
Courts often depend upon recovered memories.
Which of the following methods transmits a drug directly into the bloodstream?
D. intravenous
Which of the following people was one of Sigmund Freud's instructors and believed that hypnosis could cure hysteria?
D. Jean Martin Charcot
Why are drugs like sleeping pills described as the opposite of amphetamines?
D. Stimulants increase breathing and heart rate, while depressants slow these functions.
A state of consciousness in which there is a change in a person's awareness level or thought process is generally called a(n) __________.
D. altered state
A technique in which people use machines to learn how to control their bodies is known as __________.
D. biofeedback
The proper order of the cycle of addiction is __________.
D. drug use, tolerance, dependence, addiction, and then withdrawal
All substances that cause altered states are prohibited by governments.
False
Drugs always produce the same sensation in first-time users.
False
Drugs are substances that cause a change in a person's physical, not mental, state.
False
Mindful meditation should focus on the mental image that brings the most happiness.
False
Patients generally report conscious awareness of posthypnotic suggestions.
False
Posthypnotic suggestion can create a trigger in a person that causes them to react violently.
False
Prescription medicine may be safely taken by any person.
False
Spanish conquistadors were not concerned with Native American uses of peyote.
False
The intravenous method of transmitting drugs involves swallowing the drug.
False
Which of the following people came up with the term "hypnosis"?
James Braid
A drug like cocaine causes more dopamine to be produced in the brain.
True
Alcohol and tobacco are legal drugs, but have some restrictions as to their usage.
True
Biofeedback advocates say their treatment can help relieve tension headaches.
True
Hallucinogens distort an individual's perceptions of reality.
True
Hypnosis is commonly used by athletes to control their performance anxiety.
True
Hypnotic suggestion has been shown to help patients prep and recover from surgery.
True
Meditation can be done while standing.
True
Meditation is often prescribed by psychologists in conjunction with other types of treatment.
True
Self-hypnosis is generally regarded as a safe practice.
True
Some believe that the effects of hypnosis may not be from hypnosis but from people believing that hypnosis works.
True
Studies investigating the benefits of meditation and biofeedback have shown mixed results.
True
Those seeking professional hypnotherapy should look for professionals holding medical degrees from accredited and trusted institutions.
True
The purpose of biofeedback is to help subjects __________.
control their internal processes
What is the function of the blood-brain barrier?
keeping foreign particles out of the brain
Franz Mesmer's theory of medicine was that illnesses, especially hysteria, were caused by which of the following?
misalignment of the body's magnetic fluids