psychology
What are some common effects of rape on the victim?
Extreme anxiety Terror Shock
This STI often has no symptoms but can be cured with antibiotics.
Gonorrhea
Which gender generally has higher self-esteem?
Men
Which of the following is not a gender stereotype ascribed to men in cross-cultural research?
Men are superstitious.
Which view states that premarital sex is allowed for both sexes if it occurs within a long term, committed, or loving relationship?
Permissiveness with affection
If left untreated, this STI can affect the brain, heart, and a developing fetus, and can even be fatal.
Syphilis
When research cites a gender difference, such as all men are more aggressive than women, what does this mean?
The average man is more aggressive than the average women.
is a well-known medication that treats erectile disorder.
Viagra
tend to be more jealous in cases of emotional infidelity as compared to sexual infidelity.
Women
For many decades, researchers assumed that ______ have better verbal abilities.
females
The term ______ is used to describe people whose genitals and/or chromosomes don't fit a typical pattern.
intersex
In most instances the perpetrator of child sexual abuse is a
male heterosexual.
About what percentage of boys will be sexually abused at some point in their childhood?
20
Experts estimate that around _________ of males have had at least one gay experience during adulthood.
20-25%
In child sexual abuse, in what percentage of cases is the abuse carried out by a stranger?
25%
Most experts suggest that about _____ percent of both men and women are exclusively gay or lesbian during extended periods of their lives.
5 to 10
About what percentage of men under 50 have had erectile dysfunctions?
5-10%
Overall, approximately ______ of all women will be harassed at some point, either in school or on the job
50%
Experts estimate that each year about how many children are sexually abused?
A half million
What do we usually call acquired immune deficiency syndrome?
AIDS
Worldwide, how many people have already died from AIDS?
About 25 million
Worldwide, about how many people are living with AIDS?
About 33 million
About what percentage of men experience problems associated with sexual performance?
About 33%
Which of the following have proven to be effective for reducing your risk of contracting an STI?
Abstinence Using a condom
are male sex hormones produced by the testes at puberty.
Androgens
produce secondary sex characteristics in males, such as the growth of body hair and a deepening of the voice, and increase the sex drive.
Androgens
Which of the following is NOT a long-term effect of childhood sexual abuse?
Anger and hostility
Which of the following are true about the impact of rape on victims?
Anxiety and suspiciousness are common effects. Victim-blaming can intensify the impact.
What is benevolent sexism?
Attitudes that seem at first to be beneficial to women, but actually harm them
A minority woman earns about how much for every dollar earned by a man?
Between 62 and 69 cents
explanations for sexual orientation suggest there are genetic causes.
Biological
is defined as sexual attraction towards both sexes.
Bisexuality
Which of the following are true about societal beliefs regarding men and women in the workplace?
Both men and women can expect higher pay if they go into careers considered appropriate for their gender. Most people now believe that men and women should be equal in the workplace. Women are often considered best suited for jobs that result in low pay and low status.
Which statements about men's and women's sexual fantasies are correct?
Both men and women often have sexual fantasies during nonsexual activities. Both men and women report wishing they kissed more than they actually do.
This STI causes a burning sensation during urination and a discharge from the penis in men. If left untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammation, urethral damage, arthritis, and even sterility.
Chlamydia
Who is more likely to commit childhood sexual abuse—a close acquaintance or stranger?
Close acquaintance
ejaculation disorder is when it takes an extended period of sexual stimulation for a male to ejaculate.
Delayed
Which of the following are immediate effects of childhood sexual abuse?
Depression Fear Anxiety
"The fact that some people prefer to have sex in the kitchen as opposed to the bedroom hardly seems worthy of concern." This is a criticism of which approach to sexual normality?
Deviation from the average
Which approach to sexual normality states that we need to simply observe which behaviors are rare and uncommon in society and label those departures from the norm as abnormal?
Deviation from the average
is a male's inability to achieve or maintain an erection.
Erectile disorder
Which of the following childhood sexual abuse experiences are the most damaging to the victim?
Experiences involving fathers Experiences involving use of force Experiences involving genital contact
True or false: Sexual problems are rare occurrences in most people's lives and their presence is an immediate cause for concern.
False
True or false: The average age of a male's first sexual experience has been increasing over time.
False
Experiences of childhood sexual abuse involving this family member are the most damaging?
Father
When it comes to cognitive differences in abilities between the sexes, what does research show?
Few differences between the sexes
Which of the following is NOT a way society as a whole communicates messages concerning gender differences to children as they grow up?
Genetic expression
This STI is characterized by small blisters or sores near the genitals that later break open, causing severe pain.
Genital herpes
What term refers to the unofficial but real barriers that often prevent women from being promoted to top levels of an organization?
Glass ceiling
Who is a mother likely to talk the most to?
Her daughter
is defined as sexual attraction toward the same sex.
Homosexuality
Some evidence suggests that differences in brain structures may be related to sexual orientation. What brain structure has been found to differ between male homosexuals and heterosexuals?
Hypothalamus
What are some things that have been identified as contributing to decreased frequency of sex between committed partners?
Increased age Length of marriage
Which statement about sexual orientation is true?
It is dependent on a person's sexual and romantic desires.
What does Kinsey's approach suggest about sexual orientation?
It is dependent on a person's sexual feelings and behaviors and romantic feelings.
What are stereotypes?
Judgments about individual members of a group on the basis of their membership in that group
n the late 1930s, (last name only) launched a series of surveys on the sexual behavior of people in the United States. This represented the first comprehensive attempt to see what people were doing sexually.
Kinsey
An expert suggests that Jeremy is gay because he had an unpleasant sexual experience with a woman as an adolescent. Which approach to sexual orientation is this expert applying?
Learning theory
Which of the following are long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse?
Low self-esteem Self-destructive behaviors Depression
What is the process by which the foreskin of the penis is surgically removed?
Male circumcision
By the age of 2, which gender displays more aggression?
Males
Which gender fantasizes about sex the most?
Males
is sexual self-stimulation.
Masturbation
Which gender considers themselves above average in overall academic and mathematical ability, competitiveness, and emotional health?
Men
About what percentage of men and women say they are faithful to their spouses when married?
Men 75%, women 85%
Which of the following statements most accurately reflects psychologists' current understanding of gender differences in cognitive abilities?
Men and women process information differently in the brain.
Which statements about gender are accurate?
Most people identify as male or female, but not all. Societal views of gender are becoming broader over time.
Which of the following are true about societal beliefs regarding men and women in the workplace?
Most people now believe that men and women should be equal in the workplace. Both men and women can expect higher pay if they go into careers considered appropriate for their gender. Women are often considered best suited for jobs that result in low pay and low status.
According to current research, how common is extramarital sex?
Not very common, about 80% of people are faithful to their spouse.
Which of the following is a potential reason that the U.S. has the highest rate of STIs among all the economically developed countries in the world?
People is the U.S. do not speak as frankly about sex or provide as much sex education as other developed nations.
ejaculation is the condition in which a male is unable to delay orgasm as long as he wishes.
Premature
is the condition in which a male is unable to delay orgasm as long as he wishes.
Premature ejaculation
This approach to sexual normality states that sexual behavior is considered abnormal if it creates a sense of distress, anxiety, or guilt, or if it is harmful to another person.
Psychological consequences
occurs when one person forces another person to submit to sexual activity such as intercourse or oral-genital sex.
Rape
Which of the following statements concerning rape is true?
Rape occurs more often than most realize and is typically committed by acquaintances of the victim
Women are traditionally considered best suited for what types of jobs?
Secretaries Jobs with low pay and low status like cashiers Nurses
What is the difference between sex and gender?
Sex is biological, while gender is psychological and social.
In the late 1930s, biologist Alfred Kinsey launched a series of surveys to learn about what behavior of U.S. citizens?
Sexual behavior
is when the motivation for sexual activity is restrained or lacking entirely.
Sexual interest/arousal disorder
HPV stands for and is the most common STI.
Syphilis papilloma virus
What is true about the rates of premarital intercourse for males?
Their increase in incidence of premarital sex has been less dramatic than the increase in females
Which of the following are ways that society communicates messages to children about gender roles?
There are more male roles on TV than female roles. Women on TV are often portrayed in subservient roles. Girls are portrayed in books as nurturing.
Why are people generally not sexually aroused when a physician touches a breast or a penis during a routine physical exam?
There is a difference given to the interpretation of the touch.
What can we conclude about gender differences in IQ scores?
There is little gender difference in male and female IQ scores
What are some key difficulties with defining sexual behavior as normal or abnormal based on comparison to a standard?
There is no objective way to know which standard is best. Standards change over time.
Which of the following is true of people who engage in sexual harassment?
They are often more often in demonstrating power over their victims than in actual sex.
This is an STI caused by a parasite that, in time, can cause painful urination and intercourse, a discharge from the vagina, itching, and an unpleasant odor.
Trichomoniasis
True or false: Left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to fertility problems, and in women, pelvic inflammatory disease.
True
True or false: Today, most experts regard masturbation as a healthy, legitimate, and harmless sexual activity.
True
Which country has the highest rate of STIs among all of the economically developed countries in the world?
United States
In women, what is the most frequent initial symptom of chlamydia?
Usually there are no initial symptoms in women
Why is it that Western society has a bias in favor of men and not women?
Western society traditionally values competence more than warmth and expressiveness.
are more likely to use tentative language, which can them make people perceive them as less competent and knowledgeable.
Women
typically display greater anxiety and guilt about their aggressiveness, and are more concerned about its effect on the victim.
Women
Which of the following is not a gender stereotype ascribed to women in cross-cultural research?
Women are adventurous.
Which of the following are ways that society communicates messages to children about gender roles?
Women on TV are often portrayed in subservient roles. There are more male roles on TV than female roles. Girls are portrayed in books as nurturing.
self-esteem more often stems from their perception of their sense of interdependence whereas ______ self-esteem is more often linked to their assessment of their unique characters and abilities
Women's, men's
Most experts today regard masturbation as
a healthy component of people's sex lives
In most cases of child abuse, the perpetrator is
a relative or acquaintance.
Permissiveness with _________ is the view that premarital sex is permissible for both sexes if it is part of a long-term, committed relationship.
affection
Girls who were exposed to the male hormone _____ before birth were more likely to play with toys stereotypically preferred by boys.
androgen
Because the level of _____ production by the _____ is fairly constant, men are capable of sexual activity without regard to biological cycles.
androgen, testes
are the class of male sex hormones secreted by the testes.
androgens
For some rapists, toward women in general is the primary motivator behind their actions
anger
Erogenous zones are
areas of the body that are particularly sensitive.
Transgender is a general term for people whose ______ is/are not consistent with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.
behavior gender expression gender identity
Critics of the evolutionary approach have argued that gender differences in jealousy over infidelity may be due to
beliefs about the meaning of infidelity
Consistently across cultures, the division of labor between men and women is based largely on men's size, strength, and speed and women's capacity for pregnancy and caregiving. A psychologist espousing the
biosocial
The _____ approach states that gender differences can be attributed to the physical ability of men and women, not just genetics.
biosocial
Sexual attraction toward the same sex as well as the other sex is known as _
bisexuality
AIDS is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus that destroys the
body's immune system.
In elementary school, _____ are five times more likely to receive attention from classroom teachers, receive more praise, criticism, and remedial help.
boys
It can be stated that the major sexual organ is the . This is supported by the fact that much of what is considered sexually arousing by society is learned.
brain
Female circumcision involves the removal of the
clitoris
It is (common/uncommon) for sexual problems to occur in people's lives. It is when these problems persist, produce undue anxiety, or turn sex from play into work, that they are cause for concern
common
The term rape is used to describe rapes that are perpetrated by romantic partners or acquaintances.
date or acquaintance
The average age of a male's first sexual experience has been _____ over time.
declining
In premature ejaculation, a male is unable to ______ orgasm as long as he wishes.
delay
Lesbian and gay people have higher rates of depression and suicide than straight people, and research suggests that this may be due to the prejudice and that lesbian and gay people face.
discrimination
With increasing age and length of marriage, the frequency of intercourse goes
down
Research shows that men masturbate more ______ in life whereas women masturbate more ______ in life.
earlier, later
One out of _______ female college students report having been raped.
eight
What does the acronym ED stand for?
erectile disorder
Studies have shown that women's performance on verbal and spatial tasks varies with
estrogen level.
In the phase, a sequence begins that prepares the genitals for sexual intercourse.
excitement
Mrs. Smith has a sexual relationship with a man who is not her husband. This is an example of
extramarital sex
True or false: "Male" and "female" are the only genders.
false
True or false: Sexual harassment is always the result of unwanted sexual activity.
false
True or false: There is considerable evidence supporting child-rearing practices or family dynamics as the root cause of sexual orientation.
false
True or false: lesbian and gay people do not differ from straight people in their rates of depression and suicide.
false
Male circumcision involves the surgical removal of the of the penis.
foreskin
Many males who are homosexual prefer the term
gay
Many males who are homosexual prefer the term and females who are homosexual prefer the term
gay , lesbian
is the perception of being male or female.
gender
Studies involving identical twins have suggested a origin for homosexuality.
genetic
A viral infection that can be treated for its symptoms, but cannot be cured is
genital herpes
The male and female sex organs are also called
genitals
is the general name for both the male and female sex organs.
genitals
One of the STIs recognized longest by scientists as being caused by an infection is
gonorrhea.
Sexual is defined as unwanted sexual attention, the creation of a hostile or abusive environment, or explicit coercion to engage in unwanted sexual activity.
harassment
An intersex individual is someone who
has an atypical combination of sex organs or chromosomal patterns
Sexual attraction toward the same sex is known as
homosexuality
Which of the following have received support as potential biological explanations for sexual orientation?
hormones, genetics
When people with ______ find themselves in circumstances that would typically produce sexual feelings, they begin to turn off sexually and may even experience a type of "sexual anesthesia."
inhibited sexual desire
When the motivation for sexual activity is restrained or entirely lacking, it is described as
inhibited.
Increasingly, child predators are using _____ to make contact with possible victims.
internet
The ______ theory of sexual orientation considers how certain sexual behaviors were rewarded or punished.
learning
In college classes, ______ students receive more attention from professors than the opposite sex and are more likely to be called upon and receive extra help
male
In most cases of childhood sexual abuse, the abuser is a (gender and sexuality)
male or man heterosexual
For many decades, researchers assumed that ______ have better mathematical and spatial abilities.
males
Surveys reveal that _____ masturbate more often than the other gender.
males
Masters and Johnson were researchers who are most famous for
mapping out the human sexual response cycle.
During the resolution phase, ______ require a refractory period before another orgasm can occur.
men
Regarding gender differences, ______ typically look at their partner for the same length of time while speaking and listening to their partner.
men
tend to be more jealous in cases of sexual infidelity as compared to emotional infidelity.
men
Because Western society traditionally values competence more than warmth and expressiveness, the perceived differences between men and women are biased in favor of
men or males
The more television children watch, the _____ sexist they become.
more
In general, when it comes to gender differences, men and women are
more alike than different.
Sexism is defined as:
negative attitudes and behavior toward a person that are based on that person's gender
An intense sensation, highly pleasurable experience with rhythmic muscular contractions is referred to as a(n)
orgasm
The difference in the reaction when a sexual partner touches an erogenous zone and when a doctor touches it is based on __________ of the touch.
our interpretation
Estrogens are female sex hormones that are released by the ______ during puberty.
ovaries
Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a
parasite.
Gonorrhea can lead to fertility problems and, in women specifically, it can cause
pelvic inflammatory disease
Premature ejaculation is more often a psychological problem, as there are rarely reasons for it.
physical, medical, or biological
During the _____ phase, the maximum level of arousal is attained, the penis and clitoris swell with blood, and the body prepares for orgasm.
plateau
orgasmic dysfunction, a woman has never experienced orgasm.
primary
Premature ejaculation is more often a problem, as there are rarely physical reasons for it.
psychological or mental
During the period, men cannot develop an erection.
refractory
During the _____ stage, the genitals resume their unaroused size and shape, and blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate return to normal. orgasm
resolution
Gender _____ is a mental framework that organizes and guides understanding of information relevant to gender.
schema
Genderis a mental framework that organizes and guides a child's understanding of information relevant to gender.
schema
When a woman has had orgasm at some point but no longer does or does so only under certain conditions, she has
secondary orgasmic dysfunction.
In a change operation, the existing genitals are surgically removed and the genitals of the desired sex are fashioned.
sex
The term refers to biological, whereas gender is psychological.
sex
Sexually transmitted infections are diseases acquired through
sexual contact.
In many cases, there is little that is satisfying about rape to the rapist; instead, the pleasure comes from forcing someone else to be submissive.
sexually
The term describes judgments about individual members of a group on the basis of their membership in that group.
stereotypes or stereotyping
In its first stage, _______ reveals itself as a small sore at the point of sexual contact and in the second stage as a rash.
syphilis
Androgens are male sex hormones produced by the ______ at puberty.
testes
Gender roles are:
the set of expectations, defined by a particular society, that indicate what is appropriate behavior for men and women
A ______ person is most likely to seek a sex change operation.
transgender
Mary identifies as female, although she was assigned to the male gender at birth. Mary is
transgender
True or false: Female circumcision results in the permanent inability to experience sexual pleasure.
true
True or false: Men are unable to develop an erection during the refractory period.
true
In the elderly, the refractory period can last
up to several days.
There is _____ evidence that child-rearing practices or family dynamics are the root cause of homosexuality.
very little
Early research found extramarital sex to be ______, but the current reality appears to be otherwise.
widespread
During the excitement phase, many ______ experience a "sex flush," a red rash that typically spreads over the chest and throat.
women
During the resolution phase, ______ are able to cycle back to the orgasm phase and do not require a refractory period.
women
Cross-cultural research finds remarkable similarity in the content of gender stereotypes in different societies. For instance, _____ are seen as sentimental, submissive, and superstitious, whereas _____ are seen as adventurous, forceful, and independent
women, men
The double standard tends to be more judgmental of
women.