psychology

Réussis tes devoirs et examens dès maintenant avec Quizwiz!

What are some common effects of rape on the victim?

Extreme anxiety Terror Shock

This STI often has no symptoms but can be cured with antibiotics.

Gonorrhea

Which gender generally has higher self-esteem?

Men

Which of the following is not a gender stereotype ascribed to men in cross-cultural research?

Men are superstitious.

Which view states that premarital sex is allowed for both sexes if it occurs within a long term, committed, or loving relationship?

Permissiveness with affection

If left untreated, this STI can affect the brain, heart, and a developing fetus, and can even be fatal.

Syphilis

When research cites a gender difference, such as all men are more aggressive than women, what does this mean?

The average man is more aggressive than the average women.

is a well-known medication that treats erectile disorder.

Viagra

tend to be more jealous in cases of emotional infidelity as compared to sexual infidelity.

Women

For many decades, researchers assumed that ______ have better verbal abilities.

females

The term ______ is used to describe people whose genitals and/or chromosomes don't fit a typical pattern.

intersex

In most instances the perpetrator of child sexual abuse is a

male heterosexual.

About what percentage of boys will be sexually abused at some point in their childhood?

20

Experts estimate that around _________ of males have had at least one gay experience during adulthood.

20-25%

In child sexual abuse, in what percentage of cases is the abuse carried out by a stranger?

25%

Most experts suggest that about _____ percent of both men and women are exclusively gay or lesbian during extended periods of their lives.

5 to 10

About what percentage of men under 50 have had erectile dysfunctions?

5-10%

Overall, approximately ______ of all women will be harassed at some point, either in school or on the job

50%

Experts estimate that each year about how many children are sexually abused?

A half million

What do we usually call acquired immune deficiency syndrome?

AIDS

Worldwide, how many people have already died from AIDS?

About 25 million

Worldwide, about how many people are living with AIDS?

About 33 million

About what percentage of men experience problems associated with sexual performance?

About 33%

Which of the following have proven to be effective for reducing your risk of contracting an STI?

Abstinence Using a condom

are male sex hormones produced by the testes at puberty.

Androgens

produce secondary sex characteristics in males, such as the growth of body hair and a deepening of the voice, and increase the sex drive.

Androgens

Which of the following is NOT a long-term effect of childhood sexual abuse?

Anger and hostility

Which of the following are true about the impact of rape on victims?

Anxiety and suspiciousness are common effects. Victim-blaming can intensify the impact.

What is benevolent sexism?

Attitudes that seem at first to be beneficial to women, but actually harm them

A minority woman earns about how much for every dollar earned by a man?

Between 62 and 69 cents

explanations for sexual orientation suggest there are genetic causes.

Biological

is defined as sexual attraction towards both sexes.

Bisexuality

Which of the following are true about societal beliefs regarding men and women in the workplace?

Both men and women can expect higher pay if they go into careers considered appropriate for their gender. Most people now believe that men and women should be equal in the workplace. Women are often considered best suited for jobs that result in low pay and low status.

Which statements about men's and women's sexual fantasies are correct?

Both men and women often have sexual fantasies during nonsexual activities. Both men and women report wishing they kissed more than they actually do.

This STI causes a burning sensation during urination and a discharge from the penis in men. If left untreated, it can lead to pelvic inflammation, urethral damage, arthritis, and even sterility.

Chlamydia

Who is more likely to commit childhood sexual abuse—a close acquaintance or stranger?

Close acquaintance

ejaculation disorder is when it takes an extended period of sexual stimulation for a male to ejaculate.

Delayed

Which of the following are immediate effects of childhood sexual abuse?

Depression Fear Anxiety

"The fact that some people prefer to have sex in the kitchen as opposed to the bedroom hardly seems worthy of concern." This is a criticism of which approach to sexual normality?

Deviation from the average

Which approach to sexual normality states that we need to simply observe which behaviors are rare and uncommon in society and label those departures from the norm as abnormal?

Deviation from the average

is a male's inability to achieve or maintain an erection.

Erectile disorder

Which of the following childhood sexual abuse experiences are the most damaging to the victim?

Experiences involving fathers Experiences involving use of force Experiences involving genital contact

True or false: Sexual problems are rare occurrences in most people's lives and their presence is an immediate cause for concern.

False

True or false: The average age of a male's first sexual experience has been increasing over time.

False

Experiences of childhood sexual abuse involving this family member are the most damaging?

Father

When it comes to cognitive differences in abilities between the sexes, what does research show?

Few differences between the sexes

Which of the following is NOT a way society as a whole communicates messages concerning gender differences to children as they grow up?

Genetic expression

This STI is characterized by small blisters or sores near the genitals that later break open, causing severe pain.

Genital herpes

What term refers to the unofficial but real barriers that often prevent women from being promoted to top levels of an organization?

Glass ceiling

Who is a mother likely to talk the most to?

Her daughter

is defined as sexual attraction toward the same sex.

Homosexuality

Some evidence suggests that differences in brain structures may be related to sexual orientation. What brain structure has been found to differ between male homosexuals and heterosexuals?

Hypothalamus

What are some things that have been identified as contributing to decreased frequency of sex between committed partners?

Increased age Length of marriage

Which statement about sexual orientation is true?

It is dependent on a person's sexual and romantic desires.

What does Kinsey's approach suggest about sexual orientation?

It is dependent on a person's sexual feelings and behaviors and romantic feelings.

What are stereotypes?

Judgments about individual members of a group on the basis of their membership in that group

n the late 1930s, (last name only) launched a series of surveys on the sexual behavior of people in the United States. This represented the first comprehensive attempt to see what people were doing sexually.

Kinsey

An expert suggests that Jeremy is gay because he had an unpleasant sexual experience with a woman as an adolescent. Which approach to sexual orientation is this expert applying?

Learning theory

Which of the following are long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse?

Low self-esteem Self-destructive behaviors Depression

What is the process by which the foreskin of the penis is surgically removed?

Male circumcision

By the age of 2, which gender displays more aggression?

Males

Which gender fantasizes about sex the most?

Males

is sexual self-stimulation.

Masturbation

Which gender considers themselves above average in overall academic and mathematical ability, competitiveness, and emotional health?

Men

About what percentage of men and women say they are faithful to their spouses when married?

Men 75%, women 85%

Which of the following statements most accurately reflects psychologists' current understanding of gender differences in cognitive abilities?

Men and women process information differently in the brain.

Which statements about gender are accurate?

Most people identify as male or female, but not all. Societal views of gender are becoming broader over time.

Which of the following are true about societal beliefs regarding men and women in the workplace?

Most people now believe that men and women should be equal in the workplace. Both men and women can expect higher pay if they go into careers considered appropriate for their gender. Women are often considered best suited for jobs that result in low pay and low status.

According to current research, how common is extramarital sex?

Not very common, about 80% of people are faithful to their spouse.

Which of the following is a potential reason that the U.S. has the highest rate of STIs among all the economically developed countries in the world?

People is the U.S. do not speak as frankly about sex or provide as much sex education as other developed nations.

ejaculation is the condition in which a male is unable to delay orgasm as long as he wishes.

Premature

is the condition in which a male is unable to delay orgasm as long as he wishes.

Premature ejaculation

This approach to sexual normality states that sexual behavior is considered abnormal if it creates a sense of distress, anxiety, or guilt, or if it is harmful to another person.

Psychological consequences

occurs when one person forces another person to submit to sexual activity such as intercourse or oral-genital sex.

Rape

Which of the following statements concerning rape is true?

Rape occurs more often than most realize and is typically committed by acquaintances of the victim

Women are traditionally considered best suited for what types of jobs?

Secretaries Jobs with low pay and low status like cashiers Nurses

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Sex is biological, while gender is psychological and social.

In the late 1930s, biologist Alfred Kinsey launched a series of surveys to learn about what behavior of U.S. citizens?

Sexual behavior

is when the motivation for sexual activity is restrained or lacking entirely.

Sexual interest/arousal disorder

HPV stands for and is the most common STI.

Syphilis papilloma virus

What is true about the rates of premarital intercourse for males?

Their increase in incidence of premarital sex has been less dramatic than the increase in females

Which of the following are ways that society communicates messages to children about gender roles?

There are more male roles on TV than female roles. Women on TV are often portrayed in subservient roles. Girls are portrayed in books as nurturing.

Why are people generally not sexually aroused when a physician touches a breast or a penis during a routine physical exam?

There is a difference given to the interpretation of the touch.

What can we conclude about gender differences in IQ scores?

There is little gender difference in male and female IQ scores

What are some key difficulties with defining sexual behavior as normal or abnormal based on comparison to a standard?

There is no objective way to know which standard is best. Standards change over time.

Which of the following is true of people who engage in sexual harassment?

They are often more often in demonstrating power over their victims than in actual sex.

This is an STI caused by a parasite that, in time, can cause painful urination and intercourse, a discharge from the vagina, itching, and an unpleasant odor.

Trichomoniasis

True or false: Left untreated, gonorrhea can lead to fertility problems, and in women, pelvic inflammatory disease.

True

True or false: Today, most experts regard masturbation as a healthy, legitimate, and harmless sexual activity.

True

Which country has the highest rate of STIs among all of the economically developed countries in the world?

United States

In women, what is the most frequent initial symptom of chlamydia?

Usually there are no initial symptoms in women

Why is it that Western society has a bias in favor of men and not women?

Western society traditionally values competence more than warmth and expressiveness.

are more likely to use tentative language, which can them make people perceive them as less competent and knowledgeable.

Women

typically display greater anxiety and guilt about their aggressiveness, and are more concerned about its effect on the victim.

Women

Which of the following is not a gender stereotype ascribed to women in cross-cultural research?

Women are adventurous.

Which of the following are ways that society communicates messages to children about gender roles?

Women on TV are often portrayed in subservient roles. There are more male roles on TV than female roles. Girls are portrayed in books as nurturing.

self-esteem more often stems from their perception of their sense of interdependence whereas ______ self-esteem is more often linked to their assessment of their unique characters and abilities

Women's, men's

Most experts today regard masturbation as

a healthy component of people's sex lives

In most cases of child abuse, the perpetrator is

a relative or acquaintance.

Permissiveness with _________ is the view that premarital sex is permissible for both sexes if it is part of a long-term, committed relationship.

affection

Girls who were exposed to the male hormone _____ before birth were more likely to play with toys stereotypically preferred by boys.

androgen

Because the level of _____ production by the _____ is fairly constant, men are capable of sexual activity without regard to biological cycles.

androgen, testes

are the class of male sex hormones secreted by the testes.

androgens

For some rapists, toward women in general is the primary motivator behind their actions

anger

Erogenous zones are

areas of the body that are particularly sensitive.

Transgender is a general term for people whose ______ is/are not consistent with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.

behavior gender expression gender identity

Critics of the evolutionary approach have argued that gender differences in jealousy over infidelity may be due to

beliefs about the meaning of infidelity

Consistently across cultures, the division of labor between men and women is based largely on men's size, strength, and speed and women's capacity for pregnancy and caregiving. A psychologist espousing the

biosocial

The _____ approach states that gender differences can be attributed to the physical ability of men and women, not just genetics.

biosocial

Sexual attraction toward the same sex as well as the other sex is known as _

bisexuality

AIDS is a sexually transmitted infection caused by a virus that destroys the

body's immune system.

In elementary school, _____ are five times more likely to receive attention from classroom teachers, receive more praise, criticism, and remedial help.

boys

It can be stated that the major sexual organ is the . This is supported by the fact that much of what is considered sexually arousing by society is learned.

brain

Female circumcision involves the removal of the

clitoris

It is (common/uncommon) for sexual problems to occur in people's lives. It is when these problems persist, produce undue anxiety, or turn sex from play into work, that they are cause for concern

common

The term rape is used to describe rapes that are perpetrated by romantic partners or acquaintances.

date or acquaintance

The average age of a male's first sexual experience has been _____ over time.

declining

In premature ejaculation, a male is unable to ______ orgasm as long as he wishes.

delay

Lesbian and gay people have higher rates of depression and suicide than straight people, and research suggests that this may be due to the prejudice and that lesbian and gay people face.

discrimination

With increasing age and length of marriage, the frequency of intercourse goes

down

Research shows that men masturbate more ______ in life whereas women masturbate more ______ in life.

earlier, later

One out of _______ female college students report having been raped.

eight

What does the acronym ED stand for?

erectile disorder

Studies have shown that women's performance on verbal and spatial tasks varies with

estrogen level.

In the phase, a sequence begins that prepares the genitals for sexual intercourse.

excitement

Mrs. Smith has a sexual relationship with a man who is not her husband. This is an example of

extramarital sex

True or false: "Male" and "female" are the only genders.

false

True or false: Sexual harassment is always the result of unwanted sexual activity.

false

True or false: There is considerable evidence supporting child-rearing practices or family dynamics as the root cause of sexual orientation.

false

True or false: lesbian and gay people do not differ from straight people in their rates of depression and suicide.

false

Male circumcision involves the surgical removal of the of the penis.

foreskin

Many males who are homosexual prefer the term

gay

Many males who are homosexual prefer the term and females who are homosexual prefer the term

gay , lesbian

is the perception of being male or female.

gender

Studies involving identical twins have suggested a origin for homosexuality.

genetic

A viral infection that can be treated for its symptoms, but cannot be cured is

genital herpes

The male and female sex organs are also called

genitals

is the general name for both the male and female sex organs.

genitals

One of the STIs recognized longest by scientists as being caused by an infection is

gonorrhea.

Sexual is defined as unwanted sexual attention, the creation of a hostile or abusive environment, or explicit coercion to engage in unwanted sexual activity.

harassment

An intersex individual is someone who

has an atypical combination of sex organs or chromosomal patterns

Sexual attraction toward the same sex is known as

homosexuality

Which of the following have received support as potential biological explanations for sexual orientation?

hormones, genetics

When people with ______ find themselves in circumstances that would typically produce sexual feelings, they begin to turn off sexually and may even experience a type of "sexual anesthesia."

inhibited sexual desire

When the motivation for sexual activity is restrained or entirely lacking, it is described as

inhibited.

Increasingly, child predators are using _____ to make contact with possible victims.

internet

The ______ theory of sexual orientation considers how certain sexual behaviors were rewarded or punished.

learning

In college classes, ______ students receive more attention from professors than the opposite sex and are more likely to be called upon and receive extra help

male

In most cases of childhood sexual abuse, the abuser is a (gender and sexuality)

male or man heterosexual

For many decades, researchers assumed that ______ have better mathematical and spatial abilities.

males

Surveys reveal that _____ masturbate more often than the other gender.

males

Masters and Johnson were researchers who are most famous for

mapping out the human sexual response cycle.

During the resolution phase, ______ require a refractory period before another orgasm can occur.

men

Regarding gender differences, ______ typically look at their partner for the same length of time while speaking and listening to their partner.

men

tend to be more jealous in cases of sexual infidelity as compared to emotional infidelity.

men

Because Western society traditionally values competence more than warmth and expressiveness, the perceived differences between men and women are biased in favor of

men or males

The more television children watch, the _____ sexist they become.

more

In general, when it comes to gender differences, men and women are

more alike than different.

Sexism is defined as:

negative attitudes and behavior toward a person that are based on that person's gender

An intense sensation, highly pleasurable experience with rhythmic muscular contractions is referred to as a(n)

orgasm

The difference in the reaction when a sexual partner touches an erogenous zone and when a doctor touches it is based on __________ of the touch.

our interpretation

Estrogens are female sex hormones that are released by the ______ during puberty.

ovaries

Trichomoniasis is an infection caused by a

parasite.

Gonorrhea can lead to fertility problems and, in women specifically, it can cause

pelvic inflammatory disease

Premature ejaculation is more often a psychological problem, as there are rarely reasons for it.

physical, medical, or biological

During the _____ phase, the maximum level of arousal is attained, the penis and clitoris swell with blood, and the body prepares for orgasm.

plateau

orgasmic dysfunction, a woman has never experienced orgasm.

primary

Premature ejaculation is more often a problem, as there are rarely physical reasons for it.

psychological or mental

During the period, men cannot develop an erection.

refractory

During the _____ stage, the genitals resume their unaroused size and shape, and blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate return to normal. orgasm

resolution

Gender _____ is a mental framework that organizes and guides understanding of information relevant to gender.

schema

Genderis a mental framework that organizes and guides a child's understanding of information relevant to gender.

schema

When a woman has had orgasm at some point but no longer does or does so only under certain conditions, she has

secondary orgasmic dysfunction.

In a change operation, the existing genitals are surgically removed and the genitals of the desired sex are fashioned.

sex

The term refers to biological, whereas gender is psychological.

sex

Sexually transmitted infections are diseases acquired through

sexual contact.

In many cases, there is little that is satisfying about rape to the rapist; instead, the pleasure comes from forcing someone else to be submissive.

sexually

The term describes judgments about individual members of a group on the basis of their membership in that group.

stereotypes or stereotyping

In its first stage, _______ reveals itself as a small sore at the point of sexual contact and in the second stage as a rash.

syphilis

Androgens are male sex hormones produced by the ______ at puberty.

testes

Gender roles are:

the set of expectations, defined by a particular society, that indicate what is appropriate behavior for men and women

A ______ person is most likely to seek a sex change operation.

transgender

Mary identifies as female, although she was assigned to the male gender at birth. Mary is

transgender

True or false: Female circumcision results in the permanent inability to experience sexual pleasure.

true

True or false: Men are unable to develop an erection during the refractory period.

true

In the elderly, the refractory period can last

up to several days.

There is _____ evidence that child-rearing practices or family dynamics are the root cause of homosexuality.

very little

Early research found extramarital sex to be ______, but the current reality appears to be otherwise.

widespread

During the excitement phase, many ______ experience a "sex flush," a red rash that typically spreads over the chest and throat.

women

During the resolution phase, ______ are able to cycle back to the orgasm phase and do not require a refractory period.

women

Cross-cultural research finds remarkable similarity in the content of gender stereotypes in different societies. For instance, _____ are seen as sentimental, submissive, and superstitious, whereas _____ are seen as adventurous, forceful, and independent

women, men

The double standard tends to be more judgmental of

women.


Ensembles d'études connexes

2016 AP Lang Practice Exam: Multiple Choice

View Set

Pharmacology III Exam 2 Study Set

View Set

Patient Assessment Chapter 13 & 14 StudyBlue

View Set

Ch 17: Capital and Financial Markets

View Set

Leadership and management test 2

View Set