Psychology Ch 12
According to the two factor theory, the two basic components of emotional are ___ and ___
A cognitive label, physical arousal
According to the James Lange theory, we exp emotion ____ we notice our physiological arousal. According to the cannon bard theory we exp emotion ____ we become physiologically aroused.
After, at the same time as
Who thought that the patterns of physiological arousal that accompany emotion are lot distinctly different enough to account for our many different states of emotion?
All of these people
Our most rapid and automatic emotional responses may result from the routing of sensory input through the thalamus directly to the
Amygdala
Rabbits tend to react with fear to a signal of impending shocked if they have suffered damage to the part of the brain called the
Amygdala
People are especially good at quickly detecting facial expressions of
Anger
Which if the following brain areas became especially active when a research participant lied about holding a five of clubs?
Anterior cingulate cortex
The feel good, do good phenomenon refers to the fact that when people feel happy they
Are more willing to help others
The guilty knowledge test is typically used to
Assess a suspects responses to details of a crime
The loss of an arm in an automobile accident is likely to ___ A persons long-term feelings of life satisfaction. Winning $1 million casino jackpot is likely to ___ a persons long-term feelings of life satisfaction
Decrease, increase
The right prefrontal cortex is more active than the left prefrontal cortex when people exp ___
Disgust
Incrd activity in the right prefrontal cortex is to ___ as incrd activity to the left frontal lobe is to ___
Disgust, joy
Which of the following research findings is consistent with the James Lange theory of emotion?
Distinctly diff patterns of brain activity are associated with distinctly diff emotions
Imitating another person's facial expression of emotion is most likely to facilitate
Empathy
A hormone that incr heart rate, blood pressure, and blood sugar levels in times of emergency is
Epinephrine
It has been suggested that baring the teeth is universally associated with the expression anger because this ability to convey threats has helped humans survive. This suggestion best illustrates the
Evolutionary perspective
Chiana and her husband both want to feel and express greater warmth and affection for each other. They would be advised to spend time looking intently at one another's
Eyes
Repeatedly saying the word me puts people in a better mood than repeatedly saying you. This illustrates the
Facial feedback effect
A polygraph examination of a suspected murderer included an assessment of his reaction to a detailed description of the victims clothing and death wounds- details that would be known only to a person at the scene of a crime. The investigators were using the
Guilty knowledge test
A psychologist would have the greatest difficulty differentiating btwn anger and fear by monitoring the ___ associated with each
Heart rates
The emotion of rage is characterized by negative valence and ___ arousal
High
The emotion of fear is sometimes accompanied by ___ that differ from those that accompany rage
Hormone secretions and finger temperatures
People from different cultures are most likely to differ with respect to
How they interpret hand gestures such as the thumbs up signal
The fact that ppl from widely diff cultures display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner best illustrate the impact of
Human genetic similarities
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system ___ respiration and ___ salivation
Incr, decr
During the last four decades, the buying power of Americans has__ and their self-reported personal happiness has__
Incr, remained almost unchanged
Employees who have just been laid off or asked questions that encourage them to express hostility towards their employer. Research suggests that this opportunity to vent anger will
Increase their hostility
In which country are ppl most likely to convey visible facial expressions of their inner feelings?
India
The parasympathetic nervous system is to the sympathetic nervous system as ___ is to ___
Inhibition of digestion, activation of digestion
Research on the nonverbal expression of emotion indicates that
Introverts are better than extroverts at recognizing nonverbal expressions of emotion in others
Rosario is upset with her husband for not putting his dirty clothes in the laundry basket. Anger experts would most likely recommend that she deal with her frustration by saying to him
It annoys me that you leave your dirty clothes for me to pick up
Research has shown that neck level spinal cord injuries reduce the intensity of certain emotional exps. This finding supports the
James Lange theory
The fact that facial expressions of emotion tend to intensified the experience of emotion serves to support the
James Lange theory
Cassandra's mother told her, "You know you are in love when your heart beats fast and you exp that unique trembling feeling inside." This remark best illustrates the ______ theory of emotion.
James-lange
Which of the following children is most likely to calm down emotionally shortly after venting his anger
Jeremiah, who attacks his irritating younger brother for spitting at him
The level of physiological arousal typically associated with peak performance tends to be
Lower on tasks that are well learned
We find it especially hard to detect from other peoples facial expressions whether they are
Lying
The diminishing returns phenomenon is familiar to economists as diminishing
Marginal utility
People moment to moment positive moods tend to be highest near the ___ hours of their waking day and their moment to moment negative moods tend to be highest near the ___ hours of their waking day
Middle, later
Compared with men, women are ___ effective in discerning whether someone is telling a lie, and they are ___ effective in discerning which of two people in a photo is the other's supervisor
More, more
Electrical stim of the ___ has been observed to trigger smiling and laughter in depressed patients
Nucleus accumbens
In one experiment, college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person. The results of this experiment support the idea that
Our exp of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal
After receiving very bad news, people ___ the duration of their negative emotions
Overestimate
When her son fails to arrive home as expected, Elena fears he has been in an accident. Both her heart and respiration rate remain elevated until she sees him come safely through the door. Her body soon returns to normal due to the ____ nervous syst
Parasympathetic
Which division of the nervous systems calms the body after an emergency has passed?
Parasympathetic
Research on human fear indicates that
People seen to be biologically predisposed to learn some fears more quickly than others
The two factor theory of emotion would have difficulty explaining why a
Person automatically fears snakes even though he thinks they are attractive and harmless
Boyd, a suspect on a criminal investigation, has agreed to take a lie detector test. The machine used in this test is most likely to measure his
Perspiration level
When shown a face with an evenly mixed expression of fear and anger, ___ children were much quicker than other children to see anger
Physically abused
The ANS regulates the ___ that accompanies different emotions
Physiological arousal
For purposes of lie detection, investigators have most commonly made use of a
Polygraph
Rapid fear reactions to sensory input in the absence of conscious thought are possible because certain neural pathways bypass the
Prefrontal cortex
Jed wants his roommate Dante to help him study for a Physics test. Dantes most likely to want to help after he has
Received an a on his psychology test
According to the catharsis hypothesis, retaliating against someone who provokes us can calm us down because retaliation
Reduces the spillover effect
Subjective well-being refers to
Self perceived happiness
Scientists have isolated a gene that influences the amygdala's response to frightening situations. People with the short version of this gene have high levels of ___ available to activate amygdala neurons
Serotonin
When confronted by an armed robber, your emotional arousal is likely to be accompanied by
Slowing of digestion
In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion, both Zajone and Lazarus agree that
Some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking
Evidence that ppl can develop an emotional preference for stimuli to which they have been unknowingly exposed has convinced Robert Zajone that
Sometimes emotion precedes cognition
Lee was momentarily terrified as a passing automobile nearly side swept his car. When one of his passengers joked that he had almost had a two color car, lee laughed uncontrollably. Lees emotional volatility best illustrates the
Spillover effect
The two factor theory of emotion was proposed by
Stanley and Jerome
10 distinct and basic emotions were identified by
Stanley schachter
people are likely to experience higher levels of____ if they seek to contribute to their communities rather than simply strive for personal wealth and power
Subjective well being
As her professor distributed the math test to the class, Blair's heart started to pound and her palms began to sweat. These reactions were activated by her ____ nervous system
Sympathetic
Enjoying your second piece of pie less than your first illustrates
The Gen. adaptation syndrome
People experience a mooch shift when they switch from taking short shuffling steps to taking long strides and swinging their arms by their side. This best illustrates
The behavior feedback phenomenon
As people exp negative emotions
The right prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active
People often overestimate the clarity of their intentions in their emails because they underestimate the importance of ___ in communication
Tones of voice
A therapist tells a patient who is afraid of elevators that his rapid breathing while on an elevator is not due to fear but is a natural consequence of too little oxygen in a small enclosed space. With this new interpretation of his arousal, the patient no longer dreads elevators. The reduction in the patients fear is best understood in terms of the
Two factor theory
Noticing that his heart was pounding and his palms were sweaty while taking a test, Marley concluded that he was anxious. Noticing that that the same things happened when a lady asked him to dance, Harley concluded that he was falling in love. The differing emotions expd by Harley can best be explained by the
Two factor theory
The spillover effect is best explained in terms of the
Two factor theory
The basic components of emotion are
expressive behaviors and physiological arousal
The James Lange theory of emotion states that
to experience emotion is to be aware of our physiological responses to an emotion-arousing event
Test performance is typically ___ when physiological arousal is ___
Best, moderate
In terms of ability to recognize others' facial expressions of emotion, introverts do ___ than extroverts and women do ___ than men.
Better, better
Research on nonverbal communication indicates that
Blind children who have never observed others demonstrate normal facial expressions of emotion
Ever since Lupe was scolded and punished by her teacher for misbehaving, she is been fearful of being near the teacher. This best illustrates that fear
Can be learned
Most young children are fearful of bees, even though they have never been stung by one. This best illustrates that fear
Can be learned through observation
Tranquilizing drugs that inhibit SNS activity often reduce ppl's subjective exp of intense anxiety. Which theory would have the greatest difficulty explaining this effect?
Cannon bard
According to the ____, you would be able to exp emotion even without SNS arousal.
Cannon bard theory
A psychotherapist suggests that Theresa can effectively reduce the anger she feels toward her ex-boyfriend by tearing pictures of him into little pieces. This therapeutic technique is based on the
Catharsis hypothesis
Charles Darwin's suggestion that violent gestures increase one's anger is most inconsistent with the
Catharsis hypothesis
The two factor theory of emotion places more emphasis on the importance of ____ than does the James Lange theory
Cognitive activity
Researchers attempt to understand emotions using biological, psychological and social cultural levels of analysis. The psychological level of analysis is especially likely to emphasize the importance of
Cognitive labeling
According to the cannon bard theory, the body's arousal is related to the SNS in the same way that subjective awareness of emotion is related to the
Cortex
Unlike a low road brain pathway, the high road for emotional responses extends through the
Cortex
The idea that an emotion arousing stimulus is simultaneously route to the cortex and to the SNS is central to the
cannon bard theory
People tend to describe their experienced emotions along the two dimensions of
Valence and arousal
A friend's misdeed is especially likely to trigger feelings of anger if the misdeed is perceived as
Willful
Who suggested that "we feel sorry because we cry...afraid because we tremble"?
William James