Psychology - Ch. 2 & 8 Quiz
A neuron's resting potential is _____ mV.
-70
_____ works by preventing the activity of acetylcholine.
Botox
After suffering a devastating injury, Brandon had difficulty articulating words. The damage to an area of Brandon's brain inhibited speech production. This area is:
Broca's area.
_____ creates on and off switches for individual brain cells. Scientists can observe what happens when cells are manipulated.
Optogenetics
A brain surgeon is discussing research with a patient about to undergo a hemispherectomy. What would the surgeon tell a patient about their prognosis?
There is a 54-90% chance that the patient will no longer suffer from seizures.
Which individual provided early evidence for the left hemisphere's role in language processing?
Wernicke
The process in which a stimulus causes an involuntary response is known as:
a reflex arc.
An image of a dinner fork is flashed in a split-brain patient's left visual field. The patient will be:
able to point to a fork with their left hand.
While mapping the human motor cortex, Penfield and Boldrey (1937) noted that there was less cortex dedicated to the _____ than the _____.
arm; tongue
After a brain injury, a class of glial cells called _____ restores the barrier between the brain and blood.
astrocytes
Terminal buds are found at the ends of:
axons.
The central nervous system consists of the:
brain and the spinal cord.
Imagine a brain surgeon is treating a patient like Christina, who suffers from Rasmussen's encephalitis. In addition to concerns about the risky surgery, they might worry that the disease will:
cause the patient to feel self-conscious about being different.
_____ detects blood flow to brain regions, indicating heightened neural activity.
fMRI
The creation of new neurons is mostly complete by the 5th month in utero. In other words, neurogenesis is completed during the _____ period of prenatal development.
fetal
As an emergency room nurse, Elan knows that accidents where the _____ is damaged are often terminal, because it is the brain area responsible for life-sustaining processes.
hindbrain
Within the reflex arc _________ that allow(s) the spinal cord to control certain reflexes without the brain's help.
interneurons
After an action potential, the neuron:
is restored to resting potential.
Broca's area is involved in language production. In contrast, Wernicke's area is involved in:
language comprehension.
The _____ is a group of interrelated structures involved in people's experiences of emotion, motivation, and memory.
limbic system
To learn language, infants need:
physical development in the brain and exposure to language.
Lamar takes a melatonin tablet to help him sleep. The tablet's active ingredient is secreted naturally by the:
pineal gland.
Megan is writing a paper on the pineal gland. It is likely Megan's paper will focus on:
sleep.
The _____ nervous system includes sensory nerves and motor nerves.
somatic
Sensory and motor information are integrated in _____ area(s) of the cortex.
the association
Compared to action potentials in unmyelinated neurons, action potentials in myelinated neurons:
travel much faster.
Brandon suffered a serious injury to the left side of his brain, devastating his ability to:
use language.
The left hemisphere typically handles language processing in 95-99% of the people who are right-handed, and in about _____ of those who are left-handed.
70%
In one study researchers removed the eyes of newborn opossums and found that brain tissues that would normally become visual processing centers:
became specialized centers for audition.
As a graduate student in a psychology program, Amber will be assisting one of her professors in the laboratory. In preparation, Amber reads several research articles written by her professor. Amber finds that most subjects in the studies published by her professor have been diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Based on this information, it seems likely that the research articles Amber should be reading are about:
damage to myelination.
The hindbrain includes the:
medulla.
Today phrenology would be considered _____.
pseudoscience
Children speak their first words at approximately _____ months of age.
12
Jake told his friend Alison that he takes Xanax to treat an anxiety disorder, but doesn't understand how the drug works. If Alison took an introductory psychology course, she might be able to explain to Jake that Xanax works by enhancing the effects of:
GABA
Which of these neurotransmitters is almost always inhibitory?
GABA
Anti-anxiety drugs, such as Valium and Xanax, work by enhancing the effects of:
GABA.
Ashanti is asked to write a short paper about the similarities between the stories of Christina and Brandon, who both experienced traumatic events that permanently changed their brains. For a concluding paragraph, how might Ashanti summarize the similarities of their stories?
NOT Although Brandon and Christina recovered somewhat, neither has seen any improvement in their condition beyond improvement made in the first year.
_______ plays a key role in understanding irony or satire.
NOT Wernicke's area
Action potentials are:
NOT a method of communication between neurons.
How is babbling different from cooing?
NOT babbling adds in vowel sounds. NOT babbling usually occurs for a short period of time.
The axon of a neuron would be described as a:
NOT branch-like fiber extending in clusters from a neuron's cell body.
Simply being exposed to life-threatening situations can cause damage to key brain areas related to fear. Therefore, it should come as no surprise that soldiers returning home are at a far greater risk of developing psychological disorders related to fear if being in a war-zone has caused damage to their:
amygdala.
The _____ lobes play a key role in integrating sensory information.
parietal
While crossing a busy street, Aadhya was nearly hit by a bus. For a moment, she saw her life flash before her eyes, her heart raced, and her palms began to sweat. In dangerous situations like this, the _____ is activated and the nervous system orchestrates Aadhya's physiological and emotional reaction of fear.
amygdala
Sometimes patients who have been in a terrible car accident look more or less unharmed, but they are unable to breathe on their own and require a cardiac stimulator to keep their heart beating. If a person were an emergency first responder, it's likely they would know that damage to the _____ could cause these types of symptoms.
medulla
Adenosine slows down neuronal activity. In other words, adenosine is an _________ neurotransmitter.
inhibitory
Kanai, Bahrami, Roylance, and Rees (2012) found that the number of Facebook friends a person has is related to the density of gray matter in the superior temporal sulcus. A member of Psi Chi, the International Honor Society in Psychology, has been asked by the chapter president to summarize these findings in a post to the chapter's Facebook account. Which of these statements would be accurate to post?
"We should point out that this study is correlational so it cannot reveal whether the number of friends causes changes in brain structure, or the characteristics of the brain structures determine the number of friends."
Hinton and colleagues (2012) found that academic engagement and participation are crucial to learning. This means that active participation and hands-on experiences, both in and out of the classroom, are key to:
NOT brain growth.
Roland has been exposed to a chemical that is disrupting the action of the neurotransmitter _____, which relays messages from neurons to muscles and thus enables movement.
acetylcholine
After being shot in the head in Iraq, what type of glial cells began to restore the barrier between Brandon's brain and blood?
astrocytes
Action potentials travel from the:
axon hillock, down the axon to the terminal buds.
Ericka is a new mom. She is in a low socioeconomic status household but she would like to give her daughter Niyah every advantage she can. What can she do to help her daughter achieve language development similar to infants from high socioeconomic status households?
narrate what she is doing and talk to her daughter as much as possible.
Carmen is driving at night in an unfamiliar city. The neighborhood looks dangerous and Carmen feels lost and on edge. The neurotransmitter _____ is helping her cope with the stress of the situation.
norepinephrine
While walking to class, Tony saw someone slip and fall on some ice and hit her head on the ground. While waiting for the ambulance to arrive, the person said they were seeing stars. Tony mentioned this to the emergency responder since it's likely that people in this profession understand that symptoms like "seeing stars" are an indication that activity in the _____ was disrupted.
occipital
Brandon, who was shot on the left side of his head, suffered paralysis and loss of sensation:
on the right half of his body.
During an action potential:
positive ions flood into the cell.
Danuta talks to her baby girl with a high-pitched voice using repetitive phrases. By using this kind of speech Danuta is likely to:
support her daughter's language development.
The _____ nervous system initiates what is often referred to as the "fight-or-flight" response.
sympathetic
In a process called _____, the number of neural connections in a child's brain decreases by _____% by puberty.
synaptic pruning, 40-50
_____ is derived from the words "endogenous" and "morphine."
Endorphin
_____ was an early approach to explaining the functions of the brain by trying to link the physical structure of the skull with a variety of characteristics.
Phrenology
The ________ may be considered the brain's sensory relay station.
thalamus
The job of the _____ is to process and relay sensory information to appropriate parts of the cortex.
thalamus
After an accidental blast drove a 3-foot iron bar through the head of railroad worker Phineas Gage, his personality was markedly changed. Based on the current understanding of brain anatomy, where was Phineas injured?
frontal lobe
The brain injury suffered by 19th-century railroad worker Phineas Gage allowed psychologists to learn about the functions of the brain's:
frontal lobe.
The _____ appear(s) to support some aspects of personality development.
frontal lobes
Dr. Lieu is the lead researcher on a project that uses a strong magnet to track blood-oxygen changes in participants' brains as they complete decision-making tasks. From the description, Dr. Lieu is using a technique called:
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
A synapse is a:
gap.
Communication within the endocrine system is conveyed by:
hormones.
A person suffering from multiple sclerosis may have symptoms such as fatigue, trouble with vision, and cognitive disabilities resulting from damage to:
myelin sheaths.
Later in the course, students will learn about the different patterns of electrical activity in the brain that occur in the different stages of sleep and dreaming. Given that researchers studying sleep look at electrical activity in the brains of their subjects, what technique are they using?
EEG
Genie was exposed to virtually no language from the age of 20 months until the age of 13 years. In what way does Genie's case offer support for the notion of a critical period in language acquisition?
Even with instruction, Genie never mastered all the complexities of language.
The class of drugs that includes Prozac and Zoloft boosts the effects of serotonin by:
NOT mimicking the neurotransmitter molecule and having the same effect.
Expose yourself to new information and activities and your brain will continue to develop and adapt. Thanks to _____ there is no limit to the amount you can learn!
NOT neurogenesis
According to the theory of the critical period of language development, children who are neglected and not exposed to language during early childhood will:
NOT never learn more than holophrases.
Networks of neurons in the _____ lobes are involved in processing emotions, making plans, controlling impulses, and carrying out a vast array of mental tasks that each person does in a unique way.
NOT parietal
After the split-brain procedure, Sperry and Gazzaniga's patients:
NOT showed-moderate cognitive deficits.
Christina is suffering from Rasmussen's encephalitis. In addition to causing seizures this disease also causes problems with:
NOT talking.
Sensory and motor information are integrated in _____ area(s) of the cortex.
NOT the somatosensory NOT Wernicke's
Touroutoglou and her research team investigated the brains of super agers. Their results published in the Journal of Neuroscience showed that the brains of super agers:
NOT were remarkably similar to non-super agers.
Sebastian was preparing to cook his lunch when he activated his sensory pathway by accidentally touching a hot pan with his bare hands. Which of these explanations accurately describes the science of what happens next?
Neuron's in the spinal cord cause Sebastian's hand to withdraw without his brain's help.
An advertisement for a new drug therapy is eye catching. The advertisement claims that the drug will counteract the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease. The drug potentially works by acting as a(n):
acetylcholine agonist.
The left and right hemispheres of the brain are connected by a bundle of fibers called the:
corpus callosum.
Leia is preparing for a quiz tomorrow morning, so she notes that _____ is released by the adrenal glands.
cortisol
Dr. Nhu is a developmental neuroscientist who focuses on the irreversible changes that occur in the brain after early periods of neglect. Her colleague, Dr. Sanchez, focuses on how the brain can recover and show resiliency following early neglect. Dr. Nhu would like focus on _____ whereas Dr. Sanchez would likely target _____.
critical periods; sensitive periods
Kate has suffered a stroke resulting in left-hemisphere damage. A healthcare professional managing her rehabilitation might suggest that Kate will need assistance with:
reciting a shopping list out loud.
The brain injury suffered by 19th-century railroad worker Phineas Gage allowed psychologists to learn about the functions of the brain's frontal lobes. However, there is evidence that Gage recovered to some degree, illustrating the:
remarkable neuroplasticity of a hemispherectomy in preventing seizures.
A growing number of attorneys are submitting _____ in court as legal evidence that demonstrates a psychological disturbance.
NOT phrenology reports
_____ are branchlike fibers extending in from the neuron's cell body that receive signals from other neurons.
Dendrites
Casey is a neuroscience graduate student who is working as a technician on an fMRI study. The study is on visually impaired individuals who learned Braille early or late in life. Based on research by Burton (2003), Casey should expect to find that when visually impaired individuals learn to read Braille early in life:
NOT a region of the brain that normally specializes in handling auditory information becomes activated while reading Braile.
The pons serves to:
coordinate movement
A stroke damaged a portion of Broca's area in Joelle's brain. Joelle will probably experience deficits in:
NOT language comprehension.
Jorge is participating in a group project that will be presenting an overview of the nervous system to the rest of the class. The group has decided to present the information in a slideshow and Jorge has been given two slides to describe the autonomic nervous system. He has decided to title the first slide "Sympathetic Nervous System." What would be a good title for Jorge's second slide?
"Parasympathetic Nervous System"
For a typical neuron, what is the threshold potential?
-55 mV
If the goal of a neuroscience research project is to map neural connections, what technique will need to be included on the protocol application submitted to the Institutional Review Board (IRB)?
DSI
Although the _____ is best known for its importance in muscle coordination and balance, researchers are exploring how this "little brain" influences higher cognitive processes in the "big brain," such as abstract reasoning and language production.
NOT medulla
Bundles of neurons carrying information to and from the central nervous system are called:
NOT glia.
Learning, attention, and movement all involve the neurotransmitter:
NOT glutamate.
_____ is the idea that each hemisphere processes particular types of information.
Lateralization
Warren suffers from damage to Wernicke's area. A rehabilitation specialist should expect a patient like Warren will:
NOT have difficulty recognizing objects visually.
Having spent many months in a war zone, Brandon encountered more than his fair share of fear-provoking near-death experiences. In dangerous situations like Brandon experienced, the _____ is activated and the nervous system orchestrates a whole-body response (racing heart, sweaty palms, and so on), as well as an emotional reaction (fear).
NOT hippocampus
Nicotine mimics acetylcholine and causes the same activation. In contrast, curare blocks acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine is an acetylcholine _____ while curare is an acetylcholine _____.
NOT exciter; inhibitor
In a myelinated axon, the action potential hops from one node of _____ to the next.
Ranvier
Estrella must give a brief presentation in front of her introductory psychology class and describe a personal experience when her parasympathetic nervous system was active. Which of the these experiences would she talk about?
Relaxing with a book after dinner each night.
As part of a group presentation for a biological psychology course, Lance will need to briefly summarize the current understanding of neurotransmitters within the field. Which of these statements should Lance include on a slide to be accompanied by a brief explanation?
Researchers have identified approximately 100 neurotransmitters, with many more yet to be discovered.
As part of a laboratory experiment in his psychology course, Miguel is observing the activity of recording electrode on the axon of a neuron. As an action potential occurs, what might Miguel observe?
The axon will remain at threshold potential as negative ions continue to flood the cell.
Mae tells her therapist that she has been prescribed Xanax for the past 5 years. Based on that information, what might the therapist suspect Mae is suffering from?
an anxiety disorder
A technique called _____ records the brain's activity through scalp electrodes.
electroencephalogram (EEG)
Dr. Hernandez is attempting to diagnose a brain injury in a patient. In order to observe the function of her patient's brain using a(n) _____, Dr. Hernandez places electrodes on the patient's scalp to record electrical activity.
electroencephalogram (EEG)
The _____ uses glands to convey messages by releasing hormones into the bloodstream.
endocrine system.
Yvette is on the cross country team. During races, she feels happy and rarely notices any pain. However, after the race Yvette often discovers that she has created terrible blisters or needs to see the team medic for scratches and scrapes that she failed to notice while racing. The blocking of pain receptors during the race is likely the result of:
endorphins.
As infants grow and learn, the brain becomes more developed through:
establishing more connections among neurons.
Specialized cells that communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals are called:
neurons.
Elena's roommate has diabetes, a disorder related to the hormone insulin. As a result, Elena knows that her roommate's difficulty regulating blood sugar is related to the:
pancreas.
On the way home from the library, Mark was frightened by people hiding in a tree as part of a prank. Now that he is home safe, activation of Mark's _____ nervous system is causing him to feel hungry.
parasympathetic
If the endocrine system had a chief executive officer, it would be the _____ gland.
pituitary
As Brandon is engaging in battle in Iraq, _____ neurons are receiving auditory and visual information and carrying this information to his brain.
sensory
The two major divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the _____ and _____ divisions.
somatic; autonomic
The _____ cortex is a band of tissue running parallel to the motor cortex that receives and integrates information related to pain and temperature from all over the body.
somatosensory
While Brandon was fighting in Iraq, his body was most likely preparing for "fight-or-flight." In other words, Brandon's _____ nervous system was activated.
sympathetic
During a hockey game, Jamie sustained a brain injury. The doctor explains that Jamie's hearing and language comprehension may be affected. Where do doctors suspect she has been injured?
temporal lobe
The role of _____ is to protect and insulate the axon and to speed up the neural message.
the myelin sheath
Action potentials are _____ signals _____ neurons.
NOT chemical; within
In a myelinated axon, the action potential _____ the segments of myelin, going from one node of Ranvier to the next.
"skips" over
Ciro's 6-month-old son loves to babble. As a father, what should he remember about babbling?
Babbling is the foundation for language, so it should be encouraged.
How might researchers summarize the difference between Einstein's brain and the brains of other people?
Einstein's brain did not weigh more than the average brain, but an area of the parietal lobe was larger.
Cyprian was raised in a neglectful environment. He had almost no stimulation during his first 2 years of life. How will this likely impact him?
He will likely have significant deficits in brain development which will seriously impact his long-term mental health.
_____ gather information from multiple neurons and facilitate the nervous system's complex functions.
Interneurons
Sebastian was preparing to cook his lunch when he activated his sensory pathway by accidentally touching a hot pan with his bare hands. Which of these explanations accurately describes the science of what happens next?
NOT Sebastian's brain signals motor neurons in his arm to withdraw his hand.
Ta'Mar is enrolled in a biological psychology course this semester. Last week he had the opportunity to a use recording electrode to observe the electrical activity of a segment of an axon during an action potential. How might Ta'Mar summarize his observations in a report?
NOT The electrical charge of the neuron was negative, and then became briefly negative before returning to resting potential.
How might someone summarize our current understanding of neurotransmitters?
NOT There are exactly five different neurotransmitters: acetylcholine, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and serotonin.
Jay is a graduate teaching assistant for an introductory course in psychology. The course instructor has offered to let Jay spend 15 minutes teaching her class about the nervous system. She has asked Jay to organize the presentation from the most broad to the most specific systems within the nervous system. Which order of information would enable Jay to meet the instructor's expectations?
NOT autonomic > peripheral > sympathetic
During the first 5 months of infancy, neurons involved in motor control develop _____ which leads to better motor control, enabling a baby to wave and walk.
NOT be able to fully learn a language.
The link between the size of regions of Einstein's brain and his exceptional intelligence is:
NOT casual since his intelligence caused an area of his brain to increase in size.
If Tina is like most people, the _____ of her brain make up the vast majority of the cortical surface.
NOT cerebellum
Physical exercise may boost _____ in the brain, leading to improved mood.
NOT dopamine NOT GABA
Brandon suffered a serious injury to the left side of his brain, devastating his ability to:
NOT evaluate hypothesis.
It's not possible to fire a gun softly or flush a toilet halfway. Like an action potential, gunfire and a toilet's flush follow the _____ law.
NOT is-or-isn't
Jake told his friend Alison that he takes Xanax to treat an anxiety disorder, but doesn't understand how the drug works. If Alison took an introductory psychology course, she might be able to explain to Jake that Xanax works by enhancing the effects of:
NOT serotonin
Thirteen-month old A'Ja says, "Milk!" meaning that he would like a cup of milk from his dad. This is an example of:
a holophrase.
Burton (2003) found that when visually impaired individuals learn to read Braille early in life:
a region of the brain that normally specializes in handling visual information becomes activated while reading Braile.
Compared with the adult brain, the newborn's brain has ________ neurons.
about the same number of
Abdul is working with a group of classmates on a short presentation. Abdul listens closely as the group discusses their topic, _____. When there is an opportunity to speak, Abdul asks if the group plans to mention that Broca's area and Wernicke's area are both relevant to their topic.
association areas
The somatic nervous system initiates voluntary muscle activity, and the _____ nervous system regulates involuntary activity.
autonomic
Alison has developed an interest in how the brain controls the body's voluntary actions. If she continues to pursue these interests, she might become a(n) _____ psychologist.
biological
Chloe is majoring in psychology. She is about to graduate and has applied to several PhD programs. Chloe's interested in understanding how the brain and other biological systems influence human behavior. It is likely that Chloe plans to specialize in:
biopsychology
The brain's outermost cellular layer is called the:
cerebral cortex
Samantha is creating a language development timeline for a class presentation. Along the top of a display board, she writes the following ages in sequence: 2 months > 4 months > 12 months > 18 months How should she label these ages?
cooing > babbling > first words > telegraphic speech
The majority of neurotransmitters migrate across the synaptic gap and latch onto receptor sites of the receiving neuron's:
dendrites.
Ablation, a very early technique, studied the brain by:
destroying parts of a living animal bran to determine a loss of function.
In the protocol application she is preparing to submit to the Institutional Review Board (IRB), Dr. Francis describes the need to map neural connections in her experimental subjects. Dr. Francis will only be able to use ____ for her study if the IRB approves the protocol.
diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)
The intricate pathways of myelinated axons in the brain can be seen using _____, which tracks the diffusion of water molecules in the brain.
diffusion spectrum imaging (DSI)
Communication within neurons is primarily _____ and communication between neurons is primarily _____.
electrical, chemical
Brent is participating in an experiment in a cognitive neuroscience lab on campus. He silently reads rapid sequences of words flashed on a computer screen. Simultaneously, the electrical activity of his brain is recorded through skull electrodes. The brain scanning technique used in this study is:
electroencephalogram (EEG)
No matter what language infants speak, or who raises them, you can almost be certain they will:
follow the universal sequence of language development.
After a brain injury, Violet's speech is slow and labored; however, she can understand the speech of others. An initial suspicion about Violet is that she is suffering from damage to the ________ lobe.
frontal
After a stroke, Maz has difficulty with his decision making, perception, and impulse control. It is most likely that Maz's stroke damaged the _____ lobe.
frontal
Prior to her hemispherectomy, Christina was extroverted, easygoing, and full of energy. After her operation, Christina became more introverted and passive. The transformation of Christina's personality may be a result of many factors, including the loss of her right ________ lobe.
frontal
Although previously thought to simply keep things together, researchers know that _______ defend the brain from infection and support communication between neurons.
glial cells
Darnell underwent surgery to remove a tumor that was causing severe epilepsy. Now Darnell cannot form new memories of his experiences, although he does remember events in the past. All of the tissue removed from Darnell's brain was damaged. However, based on Darnell's symptoms, his surgeon suspects that some of the damaged tissue removed was part of the:
hippocampus.
If variables like our blood pressure, body temperature, and fluid/electrolyte balance are not remaining within a healthy range, a doctor may be concerned there is something wrong with a limbic structure called the:
hypothalamus.
After Brandon was injured in Iraq, a brain scan determined that he had damage to the areas of his brain involved in speech and language. The fact that specific brain regions are responsible for certain functions is called:
localization of function.
Dr. Thomas is preparing to conduct a research study on individuals with traumatic brain injuries. In order to document the extent of injury, subjects will undergo brain imaging at the start of the study. If Dr. Thomas is interested in documenting structural damage to the brain, which imaging technique should she use for the study?
magnetic resonance image (MRI)
Whether you are interested in a traditional academic track or a technical education, remember to be an active learner. Doing so will:
make the neural networks in your brain stronger.
Located in the hindbrain, damage to the _____ can disrupt some of the body's most vital functions, such as breathing and heart rate maintenance.
medulla
As the surgeon peeled away Christina's scalp during her hemispherectomy she came to a layer of three membranes designed to protect the brain and spinal cord. These three layers are called the _____.
meninges
During the first 5 months of infancy, neurons involved in motor control develop _____ which leads to better motor control, enabling a baby to wave and walk.
myelin sheaths around their axons
The ability of the brain to heal, grow new connections, and make do with what is available is a characteristic we refer to as:
neuroplasticity
Following surgery, Christina's brain reorganized itself and established new connections. Christina's brain demonstrated:
neuroplasticity.
The stories of both Brandon and Christina provide examples of:
neuroplasticity.
As a researcher studying brain injuries in soldiers wounded in combat, Tiana is one of many team members. Some members of the research team are interested in studying the emotional stress experienced by returning soldiers, and others are interested in the effectiveness of various treatments. Tiana works in the field of _____ because her interests are in studying the brain and nervous system.
neuroscience
At this very moment, _____ are relaying signals across the synapses between neurons in your brain.
neurotransmitters
The breaks between myelin segments are called:
nodes of Ranvier.
Brandon, who suffered head trauma while serving in Iraq, could only tie his shoe with his left hand. From this we know that Brandon's injury was:
on the left side of his brain.
Arden's heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her ________ nervous system has become active.
parasympathetic
Autopsy studies of Einstein's brain suggest that the _____ lobe may be involved in spatial and mathematical intelligence.
parietal
The somatosensory cortex is located in the _____ lobes.
parietal
Are you a secretive person? How high is your self-esteem? According to 19th-century _____, the answers to these questions lie on the surface of the skull.
phrenologists
There is a _____ correlation between the touch sensitivity of a body part and the amount of somatosensory cortex devoted to that part.
positive
In order to study the function of a brain, behavioral neuroscientists sometimes use _________, which involves injecting a radioactive tracer into the bloodstream of a patient.
positron emission tomography (PET)
Christina was suffering from Rasmussen's encephalitis. In order to stop the seizures, Christina's doctor suggested a hemispherectomy. This operation would:
remove nearly half of Christina's brain.
The electrical potential created by the difference in charge between the inside and outside of a neuron is called the neuron's _____ potential.
resting
Neurotransmitters that attach to receptors may be reabsorbed by the sending axon terminal in a process known as:
reuptake.
Lena tells her friend she is feeling a bit sad. Her friend might suggest getting some exercise since physical activity may boost _____ activity.
serotonin
Using MRI technology, researchers studied the brains of Facebook users. They were interested in an area called the _____ that is thought to be important for detecting socially meaningful movements such as hand gestures and eye shifts.
superior temporal sulcus
Emily has to give a presentation on the nervous system in front of her biological psychology class. Right before it's her turn to present, Emily's heart starts to beat rapidly. This is due to activation of her _____ nervous system.
sympathetic
Izzy's pupils are dilated and her heart is pounding; her breathing is shallow and rapid. Her _________ nervous system is active.
sympathetic
Public speaking frightens Pavel. Unfortunately, he is scheduled to give a presentation when his class begins in 5 minutes. Pavel's _____ nervous system is probably preparing his body for this crisis.
sympathetic
The _____ may be considered the brain's sensory relay station.
thalamus
Ohana is giving a short classroom presentation on the frontal lobes. Before her presentation, Ohana went to the teaching assistant to look over her materials. The teaching assistant recommended that Ohana mention _____ during her presentation.
the motor cortex
While mapping the human brain, neurosurgeon Wilder Penfield found key similarities between the motor cortex and the somatosensory cortex, including the finding that:
the size of each body part reflected in each "homunculus" roughly reflects the amount of cortex allocated to it.
The thyroid gland regulates the rate of metabolism by secreting:
thyroxin
The fact that infants all over the world tend to innately prefer adults who use infant-directed speech supports the:
universality of language development.
