Psychology Ch 6 - Sensation and Perception
Mona is waiting for her friend to give her a ride on his new motorcycle. As her friend pulls up the driveway, the motorcycle's brakes squeal loudly. Mona gets on, and then her friend revs the engine. As the motorcycle accelerates, the engine roars loudly. The high-pitched squeal of the brakes was caused by _____ sound waves, and the equally loud but low-pitched roar of the engine was caused by _____ sound waves.
high-frequency; low-frequency
Ralph underwent radical eye surgery and had to wear an eye patch for four months. How will this sensory deprivation affect his vision?
His vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation.
According to the _____ theory, the spinal cord contains a neurological mechanism that either blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain.
gate-control
The practice of acupuncture is based on the theory that one way to block pain messages is to create competing stimulation. This in turn is based on _____ theory.
gate-control
While Maria was stacking her term paper, she received a paper cut. The cut produced a sharp pain on her index finger. This pain was initiated by _____ in her skin.
nociceptors
Which list contains an item that does not belong?
organization, sensation, identification
Regarding the structures of the ear, which list contains an item that does NOT belong?
outer ear, pinna, cochlea
Laurie has a persistent itch on her arm. This is MOST likely caused by the action of _____ receptors.
pain
Nociceptors initiate the sensation of:
pain.
Pat turns to look directly at a brightly colored bird her friend has spotted in the garden. Pat is ensuring that the bird's image falls directly on her:
fovea.
Even though black paper reflects a tremendous amount of light outdoors, it still appears black. This is an example of:
lightness constancy.
Hammer, anvil, and stirrup are to hair cells as _____ is to _____.
middle ear; inner ear
Dr. Faulk conducts empirical research to investigate the claims for such abilities as clairvoyance and telepathy. Dr. Faulk's research reflects a field called:
parapsychology.
When Sanjay recognizes line segments and areas of light and dark as his friend's face at an airport gate, he is demonstrating:
perception.
Both _____ and _____ indicate how experiences help to construct perception.
perceptual set; context
Neurons in the visual area of the brain that respond to specific features of a stimulus, such as edges, lines, and angles, are called:
feature detectors.
When people are told that a bottle of wine is much more expensive than it really is, they are likely to:
believe it tastes better than it would otherwise.
Tammy draws a picture in which the mountains are closer to the top of her paper than the nearby trees in her picture. This is an example of the monocular distance cue known as:
relative height.
Drivers sometimes overestimate the distance between their own vehicles and pedestrians who are short because they rely on the distance cue known as:
relative size.
A famous Hollywood director has decided to present his latest film in 3-D. This will create a great moviegoing experience for viewers as 3-D movies exaggerate _____ disparity.
retinal
Tania was running outside and she felt a sensation on her leg and stopped to look. She saw a large red bump that she deduced was caused by getting stung by an insect. This deduction seemed only to increase her anxiety and pain. The influence of the sting itself on Tania's pain is a _____ influence. The influence of her deduction is a _____ influence.
bottom-up; top-down
If one moves one's watchband up one's wrist an inch or so, one will feel it for only a few moments. This BEST illustrates:
sensory adaptation.
In an amusement park ride, the cars spin rapidly while accelerating along a track. A person's head movements during this ride are detected by hair cells in the:
semicircular canals.
Fifty-year-old Jack finds that he really enjoys the taste of whiskey, mushrooms, strong peppers, and onions, but his 21-year-old son does not. The reason for this difference in taste is likely due to:
the number of taste buds in the mouth that decreases with age.
Which sequence correctly arranges the structures of the inner ear from the largest and most inclusive to the smallest and most specific?
cochlea, basilar membrane, hair cells
The coiled, bony, fluid-filled tube in the ear through which sound waves trigger nerve impulses is called the:
cochlea.
The receptor cells for hearing are located in the:
cochlea.
Making an analogy between hearing and vision, the auditory hair cells in the _____ are similar to the _____ in the retina.
cochlea; rods and cones
Denise wears an extremely bright safety yellow sweatshirt when she cycles to the gym after dark. The sweatshirt's brightness reflects the _____ of the light it reflects.
high amplitude
Monte was born with cataracts. He had surgery when he was 30 years old, which restored his sight. After his surgery, he could:
not recognize objects by sight that were familiar to him by touch.
When people look at a photograph of an adult-child pair and are told that the two individuals are parent and child, the people tend to say the pair looks more alike than people who are told the pair are unrelated. This is MOST likely due to:
perceptual sets.
The way in which one quickly groups the individual letters in this test item into separate words BEST illustrates the principle of:
proximity.
The cliché of the individual with extrasensory perceptual abilities bending a spoon with their mind illustrates the more specific phenomenon of:
psychokinesis.
The way in which one quickly groups the individual letters in this test item into separate words BEST illustrates the Gestalt principle of _____.
proximity
While playing golf James forgets that his sunglasses are on top of his head. As the day goes on, he forgets that he placed them there. This demonstrates the process of:
sensory adaptation.
Perceptual sets are the result of _____, which are concepts that people form to organize and interpret unfamiliar information.
schemas
When subjects look at a picture of the Moon's surface, some of them report seeing a human face. This is due to:
schemas.
After many years of playing extremely loud rock music, Kyle has suffered significant hearing loss, which cannot be corrected with a hearing aid. Kyle is suffering from _____ hearing loss.
sensorineural
Happy Moon Restaurant uses monosodium glutamate in most of its dishes to enhance the flavor. This also stimulates the fifth taste of:
umami.
Perceiving remote events is to perceiving future events as _____ is to _____.
clairvoyance; precognition
A building contractor is surveying the progress on a home that is being built. From one angle, it appears that the home is completely framed. However, when the contractor moves to the right he sees the gaps. This illustrates the Gestalt principle of _____.
closure
Lily is riding her bicycle and, after the fortieth mile, she has one last hill to climb. As compared with the other hills she has climbed on her ride, Lily is likely to perceive this last hill as:
higher.
The height of a sound wave (for example, the amplitude of the wave) determines what aspect of hearing?
loudness
Some birds can detect the ultraviolet radiation reflected from feathers of potential mates. As compared with humans, these birds can see _____ wavelengths.
lower
One reads about an accident at a railroad crossing and wonders about the cause. Perhaps the car's driver overestimated the distance of the train because the parallel tracks stimulated the _____ depth cue of linear perspective.
monocular
When two friends talk over lunch, the amplitude of their conversation is about _____ decibels.
60
Shelton and John have been friends since they were small children. Both are now in their late sixties and have been through a lot together. Shelton notices that John repeatedly complains of his arthritis pain. John takes medication for the pain and uses a heating pad to help ease the pain. After a visit with his friend, Shelton begins to notice that he has pain in his lower back and hands. Shelton is convinced that he too has arthritis. Why might Shelton experience pain now?
He feels empathy for his friend.
_____ is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain.
Hearing
Marissa's preterm baby is stimulated with hand massage several times each day. Which result can she expect for her baby?
Her baby will gain weight faster and be able to go home sooner than preterm babies who are not stimulated with hand massage.
Mia is attracted to a man she is chatting with in a nightclub. What is probably happening to her eyes?
Her pupils are dilating.
An 8-year-old cat Minnie ran away, got into a neighbor's cellar, and was stuck there for two months. Luckily, there was enough food and water in the basement for Minnie to survive. However, it was pitch black. When the neighbor returned from her two-month vacation, she found Minnie and returned her to her owner. How will this sensory deprivation affect Minnie's vision?
Her vision will be unaffected by this sensory deprivation.
Which statement is false about the use of hypnosis in pain reduction?
In surgical experiments, hypnotized patients have required no pain medication and no local anesthesia.
Tomas wakes up early in the morning and his room is fairly dark. He looks over and sees his shirt hanging on a hook. He knows it is his red shirt because he hung it up there before he went to bed, but in the dark he cannot see its color. It looks dark gray to him. Why is that?
In the dim light, the cones in his eyes are ineffectual.
When we see the mouth movements for ga while hearing ba we may perceive da. This BEST illustrates the _____ effect.
McGurk
Damon, who is among the 8 percent of males with colorblindness, suffers from the most common form of color blindness. Which statement BEST illustrates Damon's experience of color?
Red apples on a tree seem to be the same color as the surrounding green leaves.
_____ is the process by which we detect physical energy in the environment and encode that energy as neural signals.
Sensation
Regarding sensation and perception, which statement is true?
Sensation involves the activation of sense receptors; perception involves interpretation.
_____ occurs when there is damage to the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerve
Sensorineural hearing loss
Jasmine was in a serious car accident. She suffered damage to her temporal lobe, just behind her right ear. What kind of problems might this cause for her?
She might have trouble recognizing familiar faces.
_____ occurs below the absolute threshold for conscious awareness.
Subliminal stimulation
Which statement about the skin is false?
The skin has only two basic and distinct skin senses: pain and temperature.
To what extent can the temporal and place theories explain the perception of high- and low-pitched sounds?
The temporal theory cannot explain the perception of high-pitched sounds.
Which statement BEST explains why psychics are sometimes able to make accurate predictions?
They make lots of guesses.
Morrie has had a cold for five days, and his nose is so stuffy that he cannot smell anything. When he sips his coffee, he finds that it is tasteless. What is the MOST likely reason for this?
To savor a taste, we need to breathe the aroma through our nose.
_____ occurs when light energy or sound energy is converted into neural impulses
Transduction
_____ refers to the distance from the peak of one light wave to the peak of the next light wave.
Wavelength
Giulio's bag of marbles is twice as heavy as Jim's. If it takes 5 extra marbles to make Jim's bag feel heavier, it will take 10 extra marbles to make Giulio's bag feel heavier. This BEST illustrates:
Weber's law.
A neutral facial expression may be perceived as sadder at a funeral than at a circus. This BEST illustrates:
a context effect.
Ricardo has been suffering from a lengthy battle with the flu. His ears are painfully plugged with fluid. One morning his right ear pops from all of the pressure and fluid comes out. He screams in pain because the eardrum has punctured. This will result in:
conduction hearing loss.
A 7-month-old toddler is just learning to crawl. Her mother has agreed to have her toddler participate in an experiment that incorporates a visual cliff. What is MOST likely being studied in this experiment?
depth perception
Juan and Joseph are opera singers. Juan is a baritone. Joseph is a tenor, so his voice is higher-pitched than Juan's voice. With respect to their physical properties, the sound waves corresponding to Juan's voice are lower in _____ than those corresponding to Joseph's voice.
frequency
The sense of _____ is called audition.
hearing
In terms of one's sensory experience of light, wavelength is to _____ as wave intensity is to _____.
hue; brightness
Anna is reading her psychology textbook. The activation of receptors in her retina is called _____. Her interpretation of the stimuli as particular words is called _____.
sensation; perception
Carlos was just touched on his cheek, which is a(n) _____. In order for Carlos to know if he was kissed or slapped, Carlos needs a(n) _____.
sensation; perception
Detection is to interpretation as _____ is to _____.
sensation; perception
Experiencing sudden pain is to _____ as recognizing that you are suffering a heart attack is to _____.
sensation; perception
After listening to her high-volume car stereo for 15 minutes, Marcy fails to realize that the music is too loud. This BEST illustrates:
sensory adaptation.
Barbara stubbed her toe last night. It hurt and all day today she has been aware of her toe. She says, "This is so weird. I usually don't think about my toe." Barbara's typical unawareness of her toe BEST reflects:
sensory adaptation.
George sees the sound of a trumpet as a pointed, triangular shape. George's experience BEST exemplifies a condition called:
synesthesia.
Judith suffers from painful arthritis. Judith's physician gave her medication to help ease her pain. The medication Judith was given contained water, rather than actual medicine. However, Judith reported that her pain reduced. The BEST explanation for this is that:
the medication dampened the central nervous system's attention and response to her back pain.
While at work, Tim, who is suffering from a hearing loss, experiences a ringing sensation in the ears known as:
tinnitus.
Janice opens her eyes in the morning to see a photograph by her bedside. At that point, her eyes are receiving light energy, which they change into neural messages for the brain to process. This conversion of one form of energy into another is called:
transduction.
Information provided in the textbook suggests that we recognize familiar human faces in about ______ milliseconds.
150
Jay is 48 years old. He recently had his sight restored after 45 years of blindness. He could associate people with their distinct features (for example, hair color) but could not recognize their faces. He was also not good at judging the size of objects as their distance from him changed. His case suggests that:
vision is partly an acquired sense.
Researchers Eleanor Gibson and Richard Walk placed infants on the edge of a safe canyon to determine whether crawling infants and newborn animals can perceive depth. This famous experimental setup is known as the _____ cliff.
visual
Smell is unique among the senses in that it will often trigger:
vivid memories.
Human tendency to organize stimuli into coherent sets is known as:
grouping.
Janet suffers from arthritis and is in constant pain. It is likely that her nociceptors:
are always turned on.
MOST hearing loss is a result of damage to the:
hair cells.
Thomas was having a painful dental procedure. His dentist performed the most painful portion of the procedure first and then performed the less painful portion of the procedure. According to research on memories of pain:
Thomas is likely to have a memory in which he recalls the less painful procedure more than the more painful procedure.
Wilson was born deaf. At 3 years of age his parents had the doctor put in this device so he will be able to hear.
a cochlear implant
Given what is known about the relationship between distraction and pain, if Charlene is trying to pick the BEST hospital room for a loved one who is in a great deal of pain, she should pick:
a shared room with a television that is near a window.
A person can detect a single drop of perfume diffused in an area the size of a one-bedroom apartment. This is a(n) _____ threshold.
absolute
Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the lenses of her eyes are less able to adjust, or _____.
accommodate
The minute Mark walks into his mother-in-law's house to visit, he is struck by the strong smell of his mother-in-law's perfume. However, after about 10 minutes Mark no longer notices the smell. This is probably the result of sensory _____.
adaptation
"It's so noisy! How can you stand it?" remarks Caitlyn as highway traffic screams past her friend Dave's ground-floor apartment. "I don't even notice it anymore," Dave replies. This exchange BEST exemplifies the concept of sensory:
adaptation.
Hearing, or _____, is the result of the transduction of air pressure waves into neural messages that are interpreted by the brain.
audition
Camilla has been told her basilar membranes are damaged. This is MOST likely to affect her:
audition.
Amber is participating in a local psychology experiment in which the research assistant asks Amber to hold two pencils in front of her and touch the tips together. She then asks Amber to do this with one eye closed. Amber finds this terribly difficult, which demonstrates the importance of _____ cues to depth perception.
binocular
Stacy is participating in a local psychology experiment in which the research assistant asks Stacy to hold two pencils in front of her and touch the tips together. She then asks Stacy to do this with one eye closed. Stacy finds this terribly difficult, which demonstrates the importance of:
binocular cues.
James is threading a needle under a bright light bulb. During this task, James' vision is driven mainly by the _____ in his _____.
cones; fovea
As one watches a dog play in the park, light reflected from the dog's fur first passes through three structures of one's eye. In what order does the light pass through these structures?
cornea, pupil, lens
In an experiment described in the textbook, preschool children preferred the taste of french fries served in a McDonald's bag to the taste of identical fries served in a plain white bag. Taste preference is a(n) _____ variable in this study.
dependent
Lonnie is waiting for Brandon to arrive at a café for an afternoon coffee date. They have not been out together one-on-one yet; this is a prelude to a real first date in the evening and with dinner. Lonnie has made sure to order Brandon hot rather than iced coffee, and he's seated at a booth rather than a rickety chair or stool. These choices MOST likely reflect Brandon's knowledge of:
embodied cognition.
Gestalt psychologists were fond of saying that, in perception, the whole may _____ the sum of its parts.
exceed
A researcher subliminally flashes words that have either emotionally positive content (for example, puppies, people embracing) or negative content (for example, murder, accidents) immediately before showing participants pictures of houses. Then, when they are asked to rate the houses in terms of attractiveness, the participants should:
give the houses that were viewed following positive images higher ratings.
After a rap concert, as Jamie walks out into the fresh air, she notices her ears are ringing. This ringing indicates possible damage to the:
hair cells of the basilar membrane.
Manny suffers from diabetes and lost his vision two months ago. He experiences phantom sights called:
hallucinations.
The structures of the inner ear do NOT include the:
incus.
In an experiment described in the textbook, preschool children preferred the taste of french fries served in a McDonald's bag to the taste of identical fries served in a plain white bag. The type of bag is a(n) _____ variable in this study.
independent
Marty and Becky are in the mood to have a hamburger for lunch. Marty wants to grill the hamburger outside instead of cooking it on top of the stove because he says he likes the taste of a grilled hamburger more than one cooked on top of the stove. The difference in taste Marty prefers is actually caused by the smell of the charcoal embedded into the hamburger. This is an example of sensory _____.
interaction
Malik knows that a passing bus is nearer than a parked car because the bus momentarily blocks his view of the car. This example illustrates the depth cue of:
interposition.
The FBI is considering a new identification method. Instead of using old-fashioned fingerprints, they have decided to scan the eye's _____ to confirm people's identity.
iris
As one walks into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of one's eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:
iris.
Talia is 45 years old. She has started to notice that newspaper print is too small for her to read. Talia needs reading glasses because the:
lenses of her eyes are less able to accommodate.
Railroad tracks appear to converge in the distance. This provides a cue for depth perception known as _____.
linear perspective
Dorothy is off to see the wizard of Oz. She perceives that the Yellow Brick Road converges to a point way off in the distance because of the depth cue of:
linear perspective.
Julio is working on a series of landscape paintings. He wants to create a realistic depiction of the English countryside. To turn the flat surface of the canvas into a three-dimensional painting, he might use the technique of:
linear perspective.
In vision, the amplitude of a light wave relates to people's perception of the brightness of a stimulus. To which perceptual dimension does the amplitude of a sound wave correspond in hearing?
loudness
Eleanor suffered severe stroke damage near the rear of both sides of her brain. Based on the case study of Mrs. M. described in the textbook, the stroke is MOST likely to impair Eleanor's ability to perceive:
motion.
Alicia is traveling on a train. She stares out the window at a house. The sidewalk in front of the house will appear to:
move backward.
Marla has a persistent itch on her arm. This is MOST likely caused by the stimulation of _____ receptors.
pain
Dr. Frasier conducts empirical research to investigate the claims for such abilities as clairvoyance and telepathy. Dr. Frasier's research reflects a field called _____.
parapsychology
Manny has volunteered to participate in an experiment studying vision. He has agreed to wear a pair of glasses that invert his vision. Due to _____, after about a week, he is able to perform his usual tasks, like riding a bike or reading a book
perceptual adaptation
After some practice, Carol was able to read books while holding them upside down. This BEST illustrates:
perceptual adaptation.
Phyllis is doing a handstand in her yoga class. When she looks at the clock she can still tell that the time is 10 o'clock. This is thanks to:
perceptual constancy.
After hearing that Bryce had served a prison sentence, Janet began to view his genuinely friendly behavior as insincere and manipulative. This BEST illustrates the impact of:
perceptual sets.
Once John learned of Sara's past history of being an abuse victim, he began to view her cautious behavior around men as more self-protective rather than rude. This BEST illustrates the impact of:
perceptual sets.
People perceive young infants as bigger and stronger if the infant is introduced with a male rather than a female name. This best illustrates the concept of:
perceptual sets.
Lucy is convinced she senses the odor of rotten eggs, but no one in the house can detect the odor. Lucy's sensation is known as:
phantom smells.
Enrico is having trouble telling the difference between the sound of a tuba and the sound of a piccolo. Even though a piccolo produces much briefer, faster sound waves than does a tuba, he has trouble picking out the differences in the _____ of these sounds.
pitch
In a song inspired by the classic television show The Twilight Zone, an American vocal group sang the lines, "Unpretentious girl from Memphis saw the future through her third eye." These lines underscore a specific extrasensory perception ability called:
precognition.
Maura goes to a psychic who says she can read cards and tell her about her life. Maura wants to know when she will get married. She hopes this psychic has the ability of:
precognition.
The function of the basilar membrane is MOST similar to that of the _____ in vision.
retina
Which depth perception list contains items that all go together?
retinal disparity, binocular cues, convergence
The distance between one's right and left eye functions to provide one with a cue for depth perception known as:
retinal disparity.
Retina is to _____ as _____ is to hair cell.
rod and cone; cochlea
The bones of the middle ear do NOT include the:
saddle.
After many years of playing extremely loud rock music, David has suffered significant hearing loss, which cannot be corrected with a hearing aid. David is suffering from:
sensorineural hearing loss (nerve deafness).
Billy Bob works at the airport as a member of the ground crew. He typically takes off his hearing protection as he finds it cumbersome. Prolonged exposure to the roars of the jet engines will result in:
sensorineural hearing loss.
Kari is a fan of heavy metal music. Her mother is concerned because she knows that prolonged exposure to earsplitting music can cause:
sensorineural hearing loss.
Human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation rather than to detect constancies. This is demonstrated by the process of:
sensory adaptation.
One's ability to focus on informative changes in the environment is MOST directly supported by:
sensory adaptation.
The middle ear contains a structure called the:
stirrup.
Mila sees the sound of a drum as a large round shape. Mila's experience BEST exemplifies a condition called _____.
synesthesia
Today, a man on television described his experience of _____, a condition in which the senses become joined. He explained that, when certain types of music are played, he often sees patterns of colors.
synesthesia
"We can practically read each other's minds and feel each other's emotions!" Tim exclaims in describing his relationship with his longtime partner. Tim is attributing the extrasensory perception ability of _____ to the relationship.
telepathy
Mind-to-mind communication is to _____ as mind over matter is to _____.
telepathy; psychokinesis
Jess was in a serious car accident and is having trouble recognizing familiar faces. She MOST likely suffered damage to her _____ lobe, just behind her right ear.
temporal
As she was trying to study, Tanisha asked her roommate to lower the radio. Her roommate had turned the radio up originally from a volume level of 14 to 15, which was just enough for Tanisha to detect. Tanisha's roommate turned the radio back down to 14 after Tanisha asked her to lower it, which satisfied Tanisha. This is probably the result of:
the difference threshold.
The latest holiday lights a neighbor has put up are fascinating because they seem to be moving. The likely explanation is that the lights create the illusion of movement using:
the phi phenomenon.
The dissociation theory of hypnosis suggests that the hypnotized person experiences:
the splitting of consciousness into two or more simultaneous streams of mental activity.
Roast beef with a rich brown gravy is often described as a savory dish. The basic taste prominent in such a dish is:
umami.
The pain system differs from the visual system in that:
there are multiple stimuli that trigger pain.
The fact that perception involves more than the sum of sensations BEST illustrates the importance of _____ processing.
top-down
Malik glances at his doctor's scrawl on a handwritten prescription. He draws on his knowledge of common medications to distinguish among a's, o's, and u's. Malik's experience BEST illustrates:
top-down processing.
The local fire department sounds an alarm. The conversion of the siren's sound waves into neural impulses exemplifies the process of:
transduction.
Damage to the basilar membrane is MOST likely to affect one's:
audition.
Troy and Allan are in the mood to have a hamburger for lunch. Troy wants to grill the hamburger outside instead of cooking it on top of the stove because he says he likes the taste of a grilled hamburger more than one cooked on top of the stove. The difference in taste Troy prefers is actually caused by the smell of the charcoal embedded into the hamburger. This is an example of:
sensory interaction.
Human sensory systems are designed to detect changes in stimulation rather than to detect constancies. This is demonstrated by the process of sensory _____.
adaptation
After a rap concert, as Dominique walks out into the fresh air, she notices her ears are ringing. This ringing indicates possible damage to the hair cells of her _____ membrane.
basilar
After an evening at the opera, as Enrique walks out into the fresh air, he notices his ears are ringing. This ringing indicates possible damage to the hair cells of his:
basilar membrane.
A snack manufacturer finds that it must increase the salt content of its chips by 8 percent in order for a sample of consumers to notice that the chips are saltier than they were before. This example BEST illustrates the concept of a(n) _____ threshold.
difference
Michael invites a person that he hopes will become his new roommate to meet him in his apartment. Michael's mother, a real estate agent, tells him to bake cookies and make hot tea just before the prospective roommate arrives. She explains that the hot drink and smell of the cookies will affect the person's judgment of Michael. This is an example of:
embodied cognition.
Sandra is at a social gathering with a lot of good friends. She will likely feel that the temperature in the room is warmer than will her friend who is feeling excluded. This phenomenon is called:
embodied cognition.
Several days ago, Ravi fell and hurt his ankle. Although it bothered him a little, he continued to walk on it. When he finally went to the doctor for X-rays, he found out he has a broken bone. It is likely that Ravi carries a gene that boosts the availability of:
endorphins.
Immanuel Kant and John Locke would have been MOST likely to disagree about the extent to which perception is influenced by:
experience.
Research on wine drinkers has demonstrated that a wine's price _____ on its perceived taste.
has a top-down influence
As Ted walks through a park, he hears the sound of a dog barking and is able to recognize the direction of the sound and if the dog is nearby. Ted is able to do this because:
he has two ears and the sound will first travel to the ear nearest to the sound.
One reads about an accident at a railroad crossing and wonders about the cause. Perhaps the car's driver overestimated the distance of the train because the parallel tracks stimulated the monocular depth cue of:
linear perspective.
Randy is playing the piano. His left hand plays notes that are _____ in _____ than does his right hand.
lower; frequency
The brain's circuitry for smell also connects with areas involved in:
memory storage.
Marc is driving his 12-year-old car. He notices a sound coming from the engine, which involves _____ processing. He immediately starts thinking that the sound is similar to the sound his car made the last time he had it repaired, which involves _____ processing.
sensation; perception
The minute Beth walks into her mother-in-law's house to visit, she is struck by the strong smell of her mother-in-law's perfume. However, after about 10 minutes Beth no longer notices the smell. This is probably the result of:
sensory adaptation.
When Juan puts on a hat in the morning, he notices it is there. As the day goes on, he forgets that he is wearing it. This demonstrates the process of:
sensory adaptation.
When Thad arrived at the gym Tuesday morning, he noticed the musty odor of the showers in the locker room. As he finished changing, he did not notice the smell. This is probably the result of:
sensory adaptation.
Dennis, a nurse, notes that some parents of children with asthma respond to very small changes in their children's breathing, and seek care accordingly. However, other parents do not notice the same small changes. This type of difference in reaction to stimuli is BEST explained by the:
signal detection theory.
Two TSA officers are scanning bags at the airport. One of the officers lets a bag go through, but the other officer yells, "Wait, didn't you see that?" Why one officer saw a weapon and the other did not is best explained by:
signal detection theory.
The ability to accurately perceive distances MOST clearly underlies one's capacity for:
size constancy.
Adeline is worried because she knows that her work environment is very loud and that prolonged exposure to sounds of _____ decibels and above can produce hearing loss.
85
Sean just discovered that his roommate's girlfriend broke up with his roommate. Later on, Sean sees his roommate studying in the library and assumes that his roommate looks depressed. This assumption is an example of perception being influenced by:
a context effect.
Mrs. Costello lives in Florida. She is gripped by a vision of her sister, gravely injured in a car wreck happening at that very moment in Pennsylvania. Mrs. Costello is inconsolable. Her husband calmly disproves Mrs. Costello's vision by calling his sister-in-law; her cheery voice greets him on the phone. Cleary, Mrs. Costello does not have the ability of _____ that she believes she possesses.
clairvoyance
Gretta is 85 years old and having trouble with her hearing. She worked in a factory manufacturing auto parts for many years. The MOST likely reasons for her sensorineural hearing loss are normal aging and:
prolonged exposure to loud noise.
Lana cannot recognize faces. She has to fake knowing or recognizing people she has already met. Lana MOST likely suffers from:
prosopagnosia.
Seeing the numeral 3, for instance, may evoke a particular taste sensation in a condition called:
synesthesia.