Psychology CH 8

flashbulb memories

especially vivid and detailed recollection of an emotional event - positive and negative- first kiss vs military combat -intensifies memory consolidation - not always accurate - great confidence is placed in them even though they may be inaccurate

psuedo memory

false memories that people believe are true - not being able to remember the source

Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.

how to use the phone

When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.

implicit

short-term memory

receives portion of information from sensory attention filter - very sensitive to interruption

In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.

rehearsal

When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information

retrograde; anterograde

encoding

-converting info to usable form - typing data on a computer

Digit span of short term memory

7 plus or minus 2

echoic memories

Brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system Lasts about 2 seconds

suppression

Consciously and intentionally pushing unpleasant feelings out of one's mind

chunking

The process of grouping items to make them easier to remember

iconic memory

a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli - lasts .5 secs

Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?

being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics

explicit memory

declarative, can talk about it and continuously brought to mind

stages of memory

encoding, storage, retrieval

I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.

explicit memory

For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.

flashbulb memory

anterograde amnesia

forgetting events that follow an injury or trauma

retrograde amnesia

forgetting events that occurred before an injury or trauma

storage

holding information in memory for later use

When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.

recognition

rehearsal

repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory ex: route learning- not effective for long term

Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding

semantic

retrieval

taking mems out of storage

long-term memory

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.

sensory memory

-first stage of memory - stores an exact copy of incoming info -iconic and echoic

Semantic

-impersonal facts and everyday knowledge - facts and figures - generally immune to forgetting

procedure memory LTM

-long term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills "know how" - riding a bike

hipppocampus

- brain structure associated with info passing from STM to LTM - if damaged person can no longer "create" lonh term memories - "every day is a new day"

episodic

- memory of you "Autobiographical memory" - allow us to re-experience events - more easily forgotten then semantic

declarative memory

-LTM section that contains factual info - expressed as word or symbols Semantic and Episodic

constructive processing

-Process of reorganizing or updating long-term memories -Gaps "filled in" using logic, reasoning, or adding new information

memory

Active system that stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves) information

elaborative rehearsal

links new info with existing memories and knowledge in LTM - good way to transfer STM to LTM

implicit memory

memory you didn't know you had and needs cues, unconsciously recieved

LTM memory structure

pattern of associations among items & info

recall

to supply or reproduce memorized information with a minimum of external cues - don't need cues -direct retrieval of info

repression

unconsciously pushing unwanted memories out of awareness

Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory

your first day of school