Psychology CH 8
flashbulb memories
especially vivid and detailed recollection of an emotional event - positive and negative- first kiss vs military combat -intensifies memory consolidation - not always accurate - great confidence is placed in them even though they may be inaccurate
psuedo memory
false memories that people believe are true - not being able to remember the source
Remembering ________ is a good example of procedural memory.
how to use the phone
When people say you never forget how to ride a bike, they are referring to ________ memory, also called non-declarative memory.
implicit
short-term memory
receives portion of information from sensory attention filter - very sensitive to interruption
In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.
rehearsal
When experiencing ________ amnesia, you experience loss of memory for events that occurred prior to the trauma. When experiencing ________ amnesia, you cannot remember new information
retrograde; anterograde
encoding
-converting info to usable form - typing data on a computer
Digit span of short term memory
7 plus or minus 2
echoic memories
Brief continuation of the sound in the auditory system Lasts about 2 seconds
suppression
Consciously and intentionally pushing unpleasant feelings out of one's mind
chunking
The process of grouping items to make them easier to remember
iconic memory
a fleeting sensory memory of visual stimuli - lasts .5 secs
Which of the following is a good example of acoustic encoding?
being able to hum the tune to a song even when you can't remember the lyrics
explicit memory
declarative, can talk about it and continuously brought to mind
stages of memory
encoding, storage, retrieval
I am trying to learn the names of all 50 states. While I am actively remembering and recalling this information, it is considered ________.
explicit memory
For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.
flashbulb memory
anterograde amnesia
forgetting events that follow an injury or trauma
retrograde amnesia
forgetting events that occurred before an injury or trauma
storage
holding information in memory for later use
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
recognition
rehearsal
repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short-term memory ex: route learning- not effective for long term
Ben is asked to memorize the words canine, feline, and avian. He remembers the words by associating them with their synonyms: dog, cat, and bird. This is an example of ________ encoding
semantic
retrieval
taking mems out of storage
long-term memory
the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences.
sensory memory
-first stage of memory - stores an exact copy of incoming info -iconic and echoic
Semantic
-impersonal facts and everyday knowledge - facts and figures - generally immune to forgetting
procedure memory LTM
-long term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills "know how" - riding a bike
hipppocampus
- brain structure associated with info passing from STM to LTM - if damaged person can no longer "create" lonh term memories - "every day is a new day"
episodic
- memory of you "Autobiographical memory" - allow us to re-experience events - more easily forgotten then semantic
declarative memory
-LTM section that contains factual info - expressed as word or symbols Semantic and Episodic
constructive processing
-Process of reorganizing or updating long-term memories -Gaps "filled in" using logic, reasoning, or adding new information
memory
Active system that stores, organizes, alters, and recovers (retrieves) information
elaborative rehearsal
links new info with existing memories and knowledge in LTM - good way to transfer STM to LTM
implicit memory
memory you didn't know you had and needs cues, unconsciously recieved
LTM memory structure
pattern of associations among items & info
recall
to supply or reproduce memorized information with a minimum of external cues - don't need cues -direct retrieval of info
repression
unconsciously pushing unwanted memories out of awareness
Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory
your first day of school