Psychology chapter 11

Which is the body's innate method of defending against bacteria, viruses, infections, injures, and anything else that could cause illness or death?

the immune system

The body's innate method of defending against bacteria, viruses, infections, injures, and anything else that could cause illness or death is:

the immune system.

Arun is currently thinking, "I don't see why I should change anything. They know what to expect from me." What stage of change is Arun in with respect to treating his family better?

the precontemplation stage

Which is MOST likely to be a product of exposure to actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence?

trauma

The term _____ refers to a health care system based on the idea that the human body has the ability to heal itself.

homeopathic medicine

As explained in the video, the reason why stressors (or stress-causing stimuli) disrupt our functioning is because they interrupt a balanced state called ________.

homeostasis

Optimism is BEST described as an attitude toward the future that focuses on:

hope or expectation of positive outcome.

_____ is the tendency to be organized, responsible, and deliberate.

Conscientiousness

Which statement is the BEST choice for the definition of a primary appraisal?

A primary appraisal is a person's evaluation of how stressful an event is to him or her.

Which statement is the BEST choice for the definition of a stressor?

A stressor is an event or change in life that causes a person to have an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction.

Which is true about the causes of stress?

A stressor is any event or change in life that causes stress.

Which statement is true about acculturative stress?

Acculturative stress is an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction associated with the process of managing old and new cultures.

Choose the statement that is NOT true about how stress and the body affect each other.

Ancient Greek and Roman civilizations emphasized the balance of mind and body through their respective concepts of Ayurveda and yin-yang.

The term _____ refers to an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction associated with the process of managing old and new cultures.

acculturative stress

Choose the statement that is true about decreasing stress by thinking differently.

Emotion-focused coping tends to work best when the stressor is not so controllable

The term _____ is a technique involving the insertion of needles into the skin at specific points to alleviate stress or pain.

acupuncture

Which statement is true about stress and ethnicity?

Collectivistic ethnicities emphasize the well-being of the group over the individual.

Which statement BEST defines the term coping?

Coping is the effort to reduce or manage the experience of stress.

_____ is a common and often fatal disease in which certain arteries are clogged or blocked.

Coronary heart disease

Which statement is the BEST choice for the definition of coronary heart disease?

Coronary heart disease is a common and often fatal disease in which certain arteries are clogged or blocked.

Which person, upon seeing a long line of people waiting to get into a popular nightclub, is MOST likely to have a Type A personality?

Ernest impatiently goes to the head of the line and openly tries to bribe the bouncer.

Which person, who has just received a college rejection letter, has MOST likely been trained in mindfulness?

Della notices the sinking feeling in her stomach and the disappointment she feels.

____ is primarily characterized by stressors involving academic achievement and making friends.

Elementary school

The term emotion-focused coping is BEST defined by which statement?

Emotion-focused coping is a style of dealing with stress that emphasizes changing the emotional reaction to the stressor.

Which is true about culture and coping?

Even when friends and family are available, people from collectivistic cultures may choose not to burden them.

Which statement is NOT true about the causes of stress?

Experimental studies have supported the notion that appraisal of stressors rarely influences health.

_____ is BEST described as an evolutionary response that involves an automatic emotional and physical reaction to a perceived threat.

Fight-or-flight

_____ is behavior that reflects resilience under stressful circumstances.

Hardiness

_____ emphasizes the body's capacity for healing itself and uses low dose, naturally sourced medicines.

Homeopathic medicine

What distinguishes the stress response of animals from that of human beings?

Humans can turn on the stress response in anticipation of being stressed, while animals experience stress response when actually stressed.

Which of Jamyron's life circumstances is MOST likely associated with psychological stress?

Jamyron is unable to pay his electric bill.

All of the statements are true about stress and ethnicity EXCEPT:

Latino(a) families have lower odds of encountering poverty, language barriers, limited education, and unemployment.

All of the statements are true about stress and gender EXCEPT:

Males and females experience stress in the same ways.

There are dirty dishes in the sink, the trash has not been taken out, and the laundry has not been started. Who is MOST likely to experience stress because of this environment?

Melinda, a 40-year-old adult

Which statement is true about stress and ethnicity?

Of the four acculturation strategies, integration produces the least stress.

Which option is NOT true about culture and coping?

People from collectivistic ethnicities tend to cope by changing things outside of themselves, like the stressor itself.

Which statement BEST defines the term posttraumatic stress disorder?

Posttraumatic stress disorder is a psychological disorder lasting at least one month characterized by feeling continuously on edge, having difficulty sleeping and concentrating, and frequently recalling or reliving a stressful event.

Which is NOT true about the causes of stress?

Psychologists break down the stress appraisal process into four parts.

Raelee has been suffering from chronic stress, especially caused by driving in rush hour. Which could be an effect of the stress on her body?

Raelee is having difficulty getting pregnant.

Which of Samira's life circumstances is associated with physiological stress

Samira has the flu.

Which of the statements is NOT true about stress?

Stress is the event or situation that doesn't make a person feel anger, irritability, sadness, or nervousness.

_____ is(are) an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction, while _____ is (are) events or situations preceding an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction.

Stress; stressors

Which term describes a psychological disorder that takes place in the days and weeks immediately after a trauma in which the person feels dazed and anxious and experiences flashbacks?

acute stress disorder

A psychological disorder that takes place in the days and weeks immediately after a trauma in which the person feels dazed and anxious and experiences flashbacks is:

acute stress disorder.

Chronic stress results in the fraying of telomeres, which mimics the effects of:

aging.

____ consists of the stress reaction sequence, alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

The general adaptation syndrome

Choose the statement that is NOT true about decreasing stress by behaving differently.

The major advantage to proactive coping is that it emphasizes stressors that have already happened.

Middle-age to older adulthood is primarily characterized by stressors involving:

health problems, divorce, work, financial issues, and the death of parents or loved ones.

Choose the statement that is true about stress.

The three categories of stress include physiological stress, psychological stress, and sociocultural stress.

Jadonna is thinking about getting more sleep and is in the precontemplation stage. Her current thoughts could be:

Why should I get more sleep? If I'm tired, I'll just drink more coffee.

Choose the statement that is true about stress and gender.

Women tend to experience stressors that happen to other people as more stressful than men do.

Asta has been diagnosed with cancer. Shyrece can give informational social support to Asta by offering:

a list of online sources outlining the type of cancer Asta has.

Beckie is looking for a new car to buy. Yasu can give informational social support to Beckie by offering:

a list of resources about credit unions and financing.

Which is a definition of homeopathic medicine?

a practice rooted in the idea that the body has an impressive and often underestimated ability to fix itself

Elementary school is primarily characterized by stressors involving:

academic achievement and making friends.

Acculturative stress is BEST described as:

an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction associated with the process of managing old and new cultures.

The general term for how you evaluate the things that happen to you, often with a focus on whether they are positive or negative events, is _____.

appraisal

A form of complementary and alternative medicine that uses a monitor to see information about physiological functions is:

biofeedback.

An electronic bracelet that measures heart rate during exercise is MOST closely associated with:

biofeedback.

According to Christina Maslach, those who experience chronic stress may eventually fall victim to:

burnout.

Symone relaxes her body and focuses on improved awareness of her breathing. It is MOST likely that Symone is utilizing:

concentrative meditation.

Which is the effort to reduce or manage the experience of stress?

coping

A common and often fatal disease in which certain arteries are clogged or blocked is:

coronary heart disease.

stress stimulates the release of the hormone:

cortisol.

As a personality trait, _____ is the tendency to be socially outgoing.

extraversion

Which term describes an automatic emotional and physical reaction to a perceived threat that prepares a person to either attack or run away?

fight-or-flight response

The Serenita app is able to gauge the user's stress levels by measuring the heart rate through the user's fingertip. This type of measurement is possible because the body responds to stress in predictable patterns. The sequence of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion that characterizes the body's response to ongoing stress is known as _____.

general adaptation syndrome

Pablo's behaviors when under stress are indicative of resilience. He has a tendency to see stress as an opportunity for success. According to a psychologist, Pablo demonstrates:

hardiness.

Which term describes a common, minor annoyance or aggravation of day-to-day life?

hassle

Tyson leads a fairly stable life: He has no major health concerns or financial strains, his relationships are generally supportive and free of conflict. And yet, the Serenita stress test indicates that he is experiencing stress. The stress that Tyson feels might come from the build up of minor, daily aggravations. These aggravations are called _____.

hassles

Complementary medicine is BEST described as:

health care that is used along with conventional medicine.

The practice of deliberately bringing the mind to a peaceful state characterized by heightened awareness and minimal thought is:

meditation.

Men experience _____ trauma when compared to women. However, women experience PTSD _____ frequently when compared to men.

more; more

Which statement is true about instrumental social support?

occurs when a person gains something tangible from family and friends.

Emotional social support occurs when someone:

offers expressions of compassion and encouragement.

When a person is constantly in a state of stress or stress guardedness, the speaker in the video notes that there are several terms used to describe that individual. They include all but which of the following?

parasympathetic

Aerobic exercise is BEST described as:

physical movement that maintains an increased heart rate for a prolonged time.

Jason is recovering from surgery. He is MOST likely to experience:

physiological stress.

The term _____ refers to the process of finding ways to benefit, improve, or enrich a person's life after experiencing trauma.

posttraumatic growth

The Serenita app is intended to help users identify chronic stress and provide options for reducing stress levels. Which of the following is not an example of chronic stress?

preparing for final exams at the end of a semester

Caroline often uses Serenita's stress test when she is in the midst of a stressful situation, so that she can get a sense of how stressful that event is. When she does this, Caroline is conducting a _____ appraisal.

primary

After he learns that his department is undergoing a retraction and that 3 out of 10 employees will be laid off, Dawan thinks about where he stands with the company. He knows that he is their top performer and has been a supervisor for many years. He does not like the fact that others are going to lose their job, but he is confident that he will be okay. As a result he does not experience a lot of stress over this news. Dawan has engaged in the process of:

primary appraisal.

Luciano listens to the weather report. He is aware of a major storm forecasted for his city. To minimize potential stressors related to the storm, he has cash on hand, has filled his gas tank, stocked his pantry, and has plenty of water. Luciano is MOST likely using:

proactive coping skills.

A style of dealing with things that focuses on future goals and the stressors that could impede them is:

proactive coping.

Suki has been feeling anxious about her work for the past several months. When she thinks about her job, she feels tightness in her chest and a shortness of breath. After taking several stress tests with the Serenita app over the course of a couple of weeks, she realizes that she often has elevated stress levels. Which broad category of stress is Suki most likely experiencing?

psychological stress

Which term describes the study of the relationships between psychological factors and the immune system?

psychoneuroimmunology

Dr. Montoya is conducting research to determine if the use of a stress-reduction protocol prior to administration of chemotherapy affects cortisol levels following the treatment. It is MOST likely that Dr. Montoya will publish the findings in a professional journal devoted to:

psychoneuroimmunology.

After finding out that she is pregnant, Lucita is initially very worried. "Where will we put the baby?" she asks her partner. "How will we pay for this? Will we be good parents?" Her partner smiles and says, "We have room, we have savings, and we will have a lot of help. We're going to be just fine." Lucita's partner is currently using _____ to help reduce Lucita's stress level.

secondary appraisal

The term _____ refers to the collection of relationships one has with friends, family, and others that can be beneficial when experiencing stress.

social support

Acute stress disorder is BEST described as a psychological disorder that:

takes place in the days and weeks immediately after a trauma in which the person feels dazed and anxious and experiences flashbacks.

Women are more likely to respond to stress using _____ as opposed to fight or flight.

tend-and-befriend

Which option describes the technique of biofeedback?

use of a monitor to see information about physiological function with the intention of influencing those functions in a healthy direction

All of these are stress-sensitive critical developmental periods EXCEPT:

young adulthood