Psychology: Chapter 12

Dr. Nwoambi is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nwoambi would most likely refer to the _________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder. a) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) b) Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) c) Textbook of Psychological Disorders (TPD) d) Textbook of Physiological Disorders (TPD) e) The International Pathology Reference Index (IPRI)

a) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

What is the main difference between generalized anxiety disorder and phobic disorder? a) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. b) Generalized anxiety disorder is linked to a specific trigger while phobic disorder is not linked to a specific trigger. c) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in women and phobic disorder is more common in men. d) Generalized anxiety disorder is more common in adults while phobic disorder is more common in children. e) Generalized anxiety disorder involves hyperactive serotonin receptors in the brain, while a phobic disorder involves hypoactive serotonin receptors in the brain.

a) Phobic disorder is linked to specific triggers while generalized anxiety disorder is not linked to a specific trigger.

According to family, twin, and adoption studies, a person is at greatest risk for developing schizophrenia a) if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder. b) if he or she has a nonidentical twin diagnosed with the disorder. c) if he or she has an adoptive parent diagnosed with the disorder. d) if he or she has a biological parent diagnosed with the disorder. e) if he or she is adopted into a family with two schizophrenic siblings.

a) if he or she has an identical twin diagnosed with the disorder.

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called____________ disorder. a) obsessive-compulsive b) delusional c) post-traumatic stress d) passive-aggressive e) panic

a) obsessive-compulsive

Darcy is sitting at her desk in her office one day when, without warning, her heart begins racing rapidly, she has a sensation of being "out of her body," and she experiences dulled vision and hearing, rapid breathing, and sweating. She thinks she is having a heart attack. Nothing she is doing seems to have caused such an episode. Her symptoms MOST resemble a) phobic disorder. b) a panic attack. c) post-traumatic stress. d) an affective disorder. e) a dissociative disorder.

b) a panic attack.

Kevin shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has ________ personality disorder. a) antisocial b) borderline c) dependent d) avoidant e) narcissistic

b) borderline

A person who experiences severe bouts of anxiety would be described as displaying a) unpredictability. b) distress. c) psychosis. d) unconventionality. e) maladaptiveness.

b) distress.

A hospital patient was diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenia because she was having both delusions and hallucinations. What type of symptoms are these? a) atypical b) positive c) negative d) a mix of positive and negative e) euphoric

b) positive

Freud explained conversion disorder as involving the conversion of a) religious energy into psychological symptoms. b) unconscious displacement of anxiety into physical symptoms. c) obsessions into compulsions. d) stress into panic. e) physical symptoms into psychological problems.

b) unconscious displacement of anxiety into physical symptoms.

A diagnosis of ________ schizophrenia is reserved for persons whose symptoms do not clearly fall into other categories. a) disorganized b) undifferentiated c) residual d) dissociative e) hebephrenic

b) undifferentiated

The major difference between dissociative identity disorder (DID) and schizophrenia is that a) schizophrenia is a true split personality. b) DID is a subclassification of schizophrenia. c) DID is not a psychotic disorder. d) schizophrenia is a subclassification of DID. e) they are two terms for the same problem.

c) DID is not a psychotic disorder.

Frank has been a bit sad, but not clinically depressed, ever since his wife left him. Based on this limited information, in which of the following DSM-IV categories would Frank most likely be classified? a) anxiety disorders b) dissociative disorders c) adjustment disorders d) personality disorders e) somatoform disorders

c) adjustment disorders

Psychological models of mental illness emphasize the contribution of a) historical, sexual, and physical factors. b) fear, anxiety, and stress. c) cognitive, behavioral, social learning, developmental, and biological factors. d) the family, the individual, and society. e) the unconscious, our senses, and our pre-existing beliefs.

c) cognitive, behavioral, social learning, developmental, and biological factors.

Which neurotransmitters are most important in the development of mood disorders? a) GABA, endorphins, and serotonin b) acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA c) dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine d) norepinephrine, acetylcholine, and serotonin e) glutamate, adrenaline, and MDMA

c) dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine

Delusions are a) emotions that fluctuate wildly. b) emotions that are flattened. c) false or irrational beliefs. d) false or imagined sensory perceptions. e) ritualistic behaviors.

c) false or irrational beliefs.

The defining feature of ________ is an exaggerated concern about physical health that leads the person to bounce from doctor to doctor. a) conversion disorder b) triskaidekaphobia c) hypochondriasis d) obsessive-compulsive disorder e) dissociative fugue

c) hypochondriasis

A serious criticism of the ________ model is that the patient becomes a passive recipient of treatment. a) naturalistic b) humor c) medical d) psychodynamic e) homeostatic

c) medical

Alice is 15 years old and afraid to speak in class. She fears that anything she says will lead to her enormous embarrassment. Alice might be classified as having a) mysophobia. b) paranoia. c) obsessive-compulsive disorder. d) a social phobia. e) nosophobia.

d) a social phobia.

John has made a career of stealing older people's retirement money by taking advantage of their trust and selling them phony retirement investments. John explains that he has done nothing wrong-if these people were not so greedy, they would not be so eager to invest in his phony schemes. In his mind, his victims got exactly what they deserved. John's behavior and attitude are typical of someone with ______ personality disorder. a) schizoid b) schizotypal c) passive-aggressive d) antisocial e) obsessive-compulsive

d) antisocial

The ________ refers to the notion that genetic factors put a person at risk for schizophrenia but environmental stress factors trigger the disorder itself. a) interactionist view b) double bind hypothesis c) environmental anxiety theory d) diathesis-stress hypothesis e) state-dependent view

d) diathesis-stress hypothesis

An example of ________ is when an adult claims to have an imaginary companion who tells him what to do. a) unpredictability b) maladaptiveness c) observer discomfort d) irrationality e) distress

d) irrationality

The tendency for women to ________ accounts for their increased vulnerability to depression. a) experience monthly changes in biochemistry b) nutritional distress c) outlive men d) ruminate about their problems e) watch too much national media

d) ruminate about their problems

A key feature of ________ disorder is the appearance of physical symptoms without an apparent biological cause. a) affective b) dissociative c) organic mental d) somatoform e) hallucinatory

d) somatoform

Psychosis involves a) profound euphoria. b) sadness. c) an awareness of perception. d) flashes of temper. e) a break with reality.

e) a break with reality.

The etiology of a mental disorder is another term for its a) symptoms. b) prevention. c) cure. d) prevalence. e) cause.

e) cause.

Someone who is malingering is most likely to a) have pain without reason. b) hurt others without remorse. c) have fluctuating emotions. d) have an intense fear of being sick. e) fake an illness.

e) fake an illness.

Rosenhan's study on mental hospitals alerts us to a) the challenge of getting admitted into an overcrowded psychiatric facility. b) how difficult it is for patients with psychological problems to spot fakers. c) how difficult it is to overcome schizophrenia and depression. d) how rapidly mental health professionals can successfully treat psychiatric problems. e) how labeling can affect perceptions of normal or abnormal behavior.

e) how labeling can affect perceptions of normal or abnormal behavior.

At most, the insanity plea is attempted in _____ percent of all criminal court cases. a) over 75 b) 50 c) around 25 d) 15 e) less than 1

e) less than 1

A person who bathes at least 15 times per day is displaying a) distress. b) irrationality. c) unpredictability. d) observer discomfort. e) unconventionality.

e) unconventionality.