Psychology Chapter 20 vocab
Discrimination
Prejudice becomes the unequal treatment of individuals based on their race, ethnicity, group, age, gender, and or characteristics.
Central Route for Persuasion
Presenting factual evidence with strong argumentative facts. (LOGOS)
Source
The medium in which the person receives the message. EX) Magazine or TV commercial.
Self-fulfilling Prophecy
The person acts in a way to make his or her beliefs come true. EX) You believe people are friendly and generous. To prove this theory, you are friendly and have open body language. In return, the stranger is more likely to respond in a kind and respectable manner.
Positive Self-Concept
The tend to react optimistically and constructively.
When are we more likely to change our attitudes?
18-25
Boomerang Effect
A change in attitude or behavior opposite of the one desired by the persuader.
Heuristic
A mental shortcut to form an attitude. EX) Adopting your friend's opinion because they persuade you with big words.
Role
An oversimplified way of acting. EX) Women in the 60's.
How do we acquire attitudes?
Conditioning (learned behavior), Cognitive Evaluation (pros and cons), Other Sources -> Culture, Parents, Peers.
Peripheral Route for Persuasion
Emotional appeals by emphasizing personal traits or positive feelings. (PATHOS)
Prejudice and Discrimination?
Everybody has prejudice; however, not everybody has discrimination. Prejudice can lead to discrimination. Examples of prejudice: All old people are lazy and don't have sex, Black people are dangerous, White people are crazy, Women are generous, loving, and belong in the kitchen. Examples of discrimination: not serving wedding cakes to a gay couple, slavery, not allowing women in the workforce, executive order 9044, the dawes act -> reservations.
Brain Washing
Extreme form of attitude change; uses peer pressure, physical suffering, threats, rewards, and guilt.
Attitude formation and change?
Formation- conditioning, cognitive evaluation, other sources. Changed- compliance, identification, internalization.
Self-Concept
How we see our describe ourselves.
Counter attitudinal Behavior
If you act or speak like you believe in a certain belief, you may actually think you believe in that belief. It is a method of reducing cognitive dissonance.
Compliance
People adapt their attitudes to the wishes of others to avoid discomfort or rejection. This is only temporary compliance, and does not actually cause an attitude change.
Inoculation Effect
Resistance of persuasion by exposing a person to an argument so he or she can practice rebuffing them.
Cognitive Evaluation
Systematically thinking about an issue that affects us directly to form an attitude.
Identification
Seeing oneself as similar to another person or group and accepting the attitudes of the group as one's own. It is purely based on emotional attachment and is temporary, but slightly longer-lasting than compliance.
Foot-in-the-door Technique
The act of making a very small request in hopes of having him or her agree to a more demanding request.
Sleeper Effect
The delayed impact on attitude change as a result of persuasive communication.
Observational Learning
The development of attitudes through watching or imitating your surroundings.
Persuasion
The direct attempt to influence attitudes.
Cognitive Dissonance
The uncomfortable feeling when a person's actions conflict with his or her thoughts, beliefs, attitudes, or behaviors.
Self-Justification
To reduce dissonance, a person rationalizes his or her attitude and behavior.
Internalization
When an attitude becomes an integral part of a person. It is more likely to occur when the values line up with his or her personal beliefs and self-image. The most long lasting source of attitude formation.
Cognitive Dissonance
When there are two conflicting attitudes. EX) A doctor who smokes.
Attiude
a predisposition to respond in a particular way towards specific events. 1.) a belief or opinion. 2) feelings about that thing 3) a tendency to act toward that thing in a certain way.
