Psychology Chapter 3 reading quiz

A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neurons cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. -hyperpolarization -depolarization -action potential -threshold of excitation

action potential

Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads? -dopamine -androgens -endorphins -estrogens

androgens

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. -central; peripheral nervous systems -parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems -autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems -autonomic; somatic nervous systems

central; peripheral nervous systems

Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. -DNA; genes -chromosomes; DNA -chromosomes; genes -genes; DNA

chromosomes; DNA

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. -behavioral psychologists -evolutionary psychologists -historical psychologists -behavioral geneticists

Evolutionary Psychologists

Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons? -He had severe seizures. -He was born with an extra area of the cortex. -He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio. -He had encephalitis as a child.

He had severe seizures

In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell. -increase -decrease -stay the same -increase only if potassium levels remain the same

Increase

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gages accident, which led to brain injury? -Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. -Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses. -Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. -Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.

Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.

The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. -parasympathetic -sympathetic -autonomic -somatic

Sympathetic

________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation -beta-endorphin -norepinephrine -GABA -acetylcholine

beta-endorphin

Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex? -reasoning -breathing -emotion -memory

breathing

Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? -hippocampus -thalamus -Wernicke's area -Broca's area

brocas area

Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse? -drifting away from the synapse -break down into inactive fragments -reuptake -collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. -obsessive-compulsive disorder -depression -schizophrenia -Parkinson's disease

depression

Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response? -digestion functions become more active -heart rate and blood pressure increases -adrenaline surges into the bloodstream -pupils dilate

digestion functions become more active

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? -serotonin; GABA -serotonin; glutamate -dopamine; norepinephrine -dopamine; acetylcholine

dopamine; norepinephrine

Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? -serotonin; glutamate -dopamine; norepinephrine -serotonin; GABA -dopamine; acetylcholine

dopamine; norepinephrine

The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. -evolution by natural selection -genetic mutation -survivalism -behavioral genetics

evolution by natural selection

Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. -fissures; folds -folds; grooves -cortex; forebrain -grooves; folds

folds; grooves

One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. -brain organization -Wernicke's area -synaptogenesis -lateralization

lateralization

Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parentsâ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories. -medulla -frontal ganglia -limbic system -reward pathway

limbic system

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -membrane potential -intracellular fluid -extracellular fluid -resting potential

membrane potential

The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -resting potential -extracellular fluid -membrane potential -intracellular fluid

membrane potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________. -membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential -membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential -sodium gates open -potassium gates open

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

Hyperpolarization means that the ________. -potential becomes more positive than the resting potential -sodium gates open -membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential -potassium gates open

membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential

Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place? -difficulty producing language -motor skill deficits in the left side of her body -difficulty comprehending language -sensory deficits in the right side of her body

motor skill deficits in the left side of her body

Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident? -no sensation in his legs and feet -a loss of both his sense of taste and his sense of smell -blindness -Wernickeâ s aphasia

no sensation in his legs and feet

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. -both visual fields -neither visual field -only the right visual field -only the left visual field

only the right visual field

People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. -only the right visual field -only the left visual field -neither visual field -both visual fields

only the right visual field

Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. -substantia nigra; dopamine -motor cortex; acetylcholine -motor cortex; dopamine -substantia nigra; acetylcholine

substantia nigra; dopamine

The space between two neurons is called the ________. -terminal button -soma -synapse -vesicle

synapse

The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. -cognition and emotion -temperature, touch, and pain -language, such as speech -motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face

temperature, touch, and pain

The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. -terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles -terminal buttons; transport proteins -dendrites; synaptic vesicles -axons; terminal buttons

terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles

The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. -somatic -autonomic -sympathetic -parasympathetic

parasympathetic

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? -computerized tomography (CT) scan -functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) -positron emission tomography (PET) -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? -positron emission tomography (PET) -computerized tomography (CT) scan -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb. -phenotype; Bb -genotype; bb -phenotype; bb -genotype; Bb

genotype; bb

The myelin sheath is made from ________. -axons -terminal buttons -somas -glial cells

glial cells

Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish? -feel someone touching her hand -hear someone talking to her -groan and move her eyes -speak in simple words

groan and move her eyes

________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. -reuptake -synergy -resting potential -homeostasis

homeostasis

Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study? -positron emission tomography (PET) -electroencephalograph (EEG) -magnet resonance imaging (MRI) -computerized tomography (CT) scan

positron emission tomography (PET)

________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. -range of reaction -behavioral genetics -evolutionary psychology -environmental psychology

range of reaction

A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________. -travel twice as fast down the axon -last twice as long -undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration -be twice as strong

undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration