Psychology Chapter 3 reading quiz
A(n) ________ is the electrical signal that typically moves from the neurons cell body down the axon to the axon terminals. -hyperpolarization -depolarization -action potential -threshold of excitation
action potential
Which is the main type of chemical messengers secreted by the male gonads? -dopamine -androgens -endorphins -estrogens
androgens
The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ________ and ________. -central; peripheral nervous systems -parasympathetic; sympathetic nervous systems -autonomic; sympathetic nervous systems -autonomic; somatic nervous systems
central; peripheral nervous systems
Human eggs and sperm each contain 23 ________, which are composed of long strands of ________. -DNA; genes -chromosomes; DNA -chromosomes; genes -genes; DNA
chromosomes; DNA
Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by ________. -behavioral psychologists -evolutionary psychologists -historical psychologists -behavioral geneticists
Evolutionary Psychologists
Henry Gustav Molaison (H. M.) had brain surgery for which of the following reasons? -He had severe seizures. -He was born with an extra area of the cortex. -He suffered serious symptoms as a result of having polio. -He had encephalitis as a child.
He had severe seizures
In a resting state, sodium (Na+) is at a higher concentration outside the cell and potassium (K+) is more concentrated inside the cell. During an action potential, the sodium levels ________ inside the cell. -increase -decrease -stay the same -increase only if potassium levels remain the same
Increase
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the case study of Phineas Gages accident, which led to brain injury? -Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors. -Temporal lobe injury causes people to be incapable of controlling their emotional impulses. -Injury to the frontal lobe does not affect behavior. -Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, but specific brain areas are not linked to specific behaviors.
Injury to the brain causes changes in behavior, and specific brain areas are linked to particular behaviors.
The ________ nervous system is responsible for responses such as pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and increased respiration. -parasympathetic -sympathetic -autonomic -somatic
Sympathetic
________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation -beta-endorphin -norepinephrine -GABA -acetylcholine
beta-endorphin
Which of the following brain processes is not a function of the cerebral cortex? -reasoning -breathing -emotion -memory
breathing
Which of the following areas is located in the frontal lobe of the brain? -hippocampus -thalamus -Wernicke's area -Broca's area
brocas area
Which one of the following processes does not occur to excess neurotransmitters in the synapse? -drifting away from the synapse -break down into inactive fragments -reuptake -collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
collection by scavenger vesicles left over from the neurotransmitter release
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for ________. -obsessive-compulsive disorder -depression -schizophrenia -Parkinson's disease
depression
Which of the following is not a part sympathetic activation during the fight or flight response? -digestion functions become more active -heart rate and blood pressure increases -adrenaline surges into the bloodstream -pupils dilate
digestion functions become more active
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? -serotonin; GABA -serotonin; glutamate -dopamine; norepinephrine -dopamine; acetylcholine
dopamine; norepinephrine
Which two neurotransmitters have roles in appetite suppression? -serotonin; glutamate -dopamine; norepinephrine -serotonin; GABA -dopamine; acetylcholine
dopamine; norepinephrine
The theory of ________ states that organisms that are better suited for their environment will survive and reproduce, while those that are poorly suited for their environment will die off. -evolution by natural selection -genetic mutation -survivalism -behavioral genetics
evolution by natural selection
Gyri and sulci are the ________ and ________, respectively, which characterize the surface of the human brain. -fissures; folds -folds; grooves -cortex; forebrain -grooves; folds
folds; grooves
One example of ________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function. -brain organization -Wernicke's area -synaptogenesis -lateralization
lateralization
Randolf is walking down the street of his hometown, after being away for several years, when he smells the scent of freshly baked pie coming from a local baker. He suddenly has vivid memories of walking down this street as a child, holding both of his parentsâ hands, and swinging between them, feeling relaxed and happy. This is because the sense of smell projects directly to the ________, which is responsible for emotional memories. -medulla -frontal ganglia -limbic system -reward pathway
limbic system
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -membrane potential -intracellular fluid -extracellular fluid -resting potential
membrane potential
The ________ is the difference in charge between the intracellular and extracellular space of a neuron. -resting potential -extracellular fluid -membrane potential -intracellular fluid
membrane potential
Hyperpolarization means that the ________. -membrane potential becomes more positive than the resting potential -membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential -sodium gates open -potassium gates open
membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential
Hyperpolarization means that the ________. -potential becomes more positive than the resting potential -sodium gates open -membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential -potassium gates open
membrane potential becomes more negative than the resting potential
Kelsey had a CT scan that showed a tumor in the right frontal cortex. Which of the following behavioral symptoms most likely prompted the scan to take place? -difficulty producing language -motor skill deficits in the left side of her body -difficulty comprehending language -sensory deficits in the right side of her body
motor skill deficits in the left side of her body
Dmitris is in a car accident and his parietal lobe is injured. Which of the following is the most likely behavioral effect of his accident? -no sensation in his legs and feet -a loss of both his sense of taste and his sense of smell -blindness -Wernickeâ s aphasia
no sensation in his legs and feet
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. -both visual fields -neither visual field -only the right visual field -only the left visual field
only the right visual field
People who have their corpus callosum severed for medical reasons would be able to tell you about which images shown to ________. -only the right visual field -only the left visual field -neither visual field -both visual fields
only the right visual field
Jeremy has Parkinsons disease, a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor skills. In addition to motor symptoms, Jeremy has noticed changes in his mood. It is likely that Jeremy's ________ is producing less ________ than it needs to. -substantia nigra; dopamine -motor cortex; acetylcholine -motor cortex; dopamine -substantia nigra; acetylcholine
substantia nigra; dopamine
The space between two neurons is called the ________. -terminal button -soma -synapse -vesicle
synapse
The somatosensory cortex is responsible for processing ________. -cognition and emotion -temperature, touch, and pain -language, such as speech -motor information to body areas, such as arms, legs, and face
temperature, touch, and pain
The ________ of a neuron contain ________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. -terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles -terminal buttons; transport proteins -dendrites; synaptic vesicles -axons; terminal buttons
terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles
The ________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. -somatic -autonomic -sympathetic -parasympathetic
parasympathetic
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? -computerized tomography (CT) scan -functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) -positron emission tomography (PET) -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Parsons and her colleagues are doing a study comparing differences in brain activity levels between patients with schizophrenia and controls with no psychological disorders. Their hypothesis requires a high level of detail and good detection of differences over time. Which of the following is the best brain imaging technique to use? -positron emission tomography (PET) -computerized tomography (CT) scan -magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) -functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
Wendy's mother has blue eyes and her father has brown eyes. The allele for brown eye color is dominant (B) to the allele for blue eye color (b), but Wendy has blue eyes. Therefore, Wendys ________ must be ________ and her fathers must be Bb. -phenotype; Bb -genotype; bb -phenotype; bb -genotype; Bb
genotype; bb
The myelin sheath is made from ________. -axons -terminal buttons -somas -glial cells
glial cells
Terri Schiavo went into cardiac arrest and her brain was deprived of oxygen, leaving only her brainstem functioning. Which of the following functions could Schiavo still accomplish? -feel someone touching her hand -hear someone talking to her -groan and move her eyes -speak in simple words
groan and move her eyes
________ is a state of equilibrium, in which biological conditions (such as body temperature) are maintained at optimal levels. -reuptake -synergy -resting potential -homeostasis
homeostasis
Ainsley is participating in a study that aims to determine whether the occipital cortex becomes more active in response to moving versus stationary stimuli. When she arrives at the lab, she ingests a â tracerâ and then enters the scanning machine. What type of brain imaging is most likely being conducted in this study? -positron emission tomography (PET) -electroencephalograph (EEG) -magnet resonance imaging (MRI) -computerized tomography (CT) scan
positron emission tomography (PET)
________ asserts that our genes set the boundaries within which we can operate, and our environment interacts with our genes to determine where within those boundaries we will fall. -range of reaction -behavioral genetics -evolutionary psychology -environmental psychology
range of reaction
A particular electrical signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is doubled, the action potential will ________. -travel twice as fast down the axon -last twice as long -undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration -be twice as strong
undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration