Psychology chapter 9 concept clips

You have observed that you support political candidate A. All of your friends support political candidate A. If you use inductive reasoning, which of these conclusions are you likely to reach? 1. No other individuals support political candidate A. 2. All individuals support political candidate A. 3. Most people don't pay attention to politics. 4. People will have varying levels of support for political candidate A.

All individuals support political candidate A

Inductive reasoning is? 1. Starts with theories and then conducts research to test whether the theories can be proven to be true with specific cases. 2. Begins with specific observations and progresses analytically to broader generalizations and theories based on those observed cases. 3. Is rarely used in psychology because conclusions cannot be drawn from its results. 4. Should only be used when you have a known principle and want to apply it to other information.

Begins with specific observations and progresses analytically to broader generalizations and theories based on those observed cases.

Bertram has decided to spend some of his free time over the holiday completing a woodworking project in his garage. Which of the following answers about Bertram's choice is correct? 1. Bertram used divergent thinking because there was not one correct solution to what he should do during his holiday free time. 2. Bertram used convergent thinking because he reached a single conclusion. 3. Bertram used convergent thinking because he chose to do something fun during his holiday. 4. Bertram used divergent thinking because he worked through multiple problems in his life to create free time over his holiday.

Bertram used divergent thinking because there was not one correct solution to what he should do during his holiday free time

Serita is 14 and her parents keep asking her what she wants to do with her life. As Serita thinks about her future, what type of future is she using? 1. Convergent thinking, because for Serita there is only one right answer for what she should do with the rest of her life 2. Divergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult 3. Convergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult 4. Divergent thinking, because for Serita there is only one right answer for what she should do with the rest of her life

Divergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult.

Sarah claims that most people are happy; she knows this because she read it on Wikipedia. Jake concludes that Sarah does not have enough evidence to make the claim that most people are happy. What two elements of critical thinking is Jake demonstrating?

Evaluating the argument and forming a conclusion based on the evidence

Which of the following is an example of deductive reasoning? 1. The unemployment rate is at 5%, so 5% of my neighbors must be unemployed. 2. My college bans handguns on campus, so all colleges and universities in the United States must ban handguns on campus. 3. A researcher finds in his study that alcohol use improves his subjects' coping with anxiety disorders. He wonders whether other individuals with anxiety disorders would have similar results. 4. The couple in the apartment next door are always arguing. I can hear arguing outside so it must be the couple from next door.

The unemployment rate is at 5%, so 5% of my neighbors must be unemployed.

Melissa and Kristin are arguing about the right answer to a question on their practice quiz. Melissa says that the right answer requires them to consider all of the facts before making a conclusion. Kristin says the correct answer is on page 74 and they should just copy it. Is Melissa using critical thinking to support her position?

Yes, because she is considering the facts before drawing a conclusion.

Analyzing the facts is

a first step in critical thinking.

Componential intelligence is also known as ______ intelligence

analytical

an important step in critical thinking is evaluating the ______

argument

Corbin recently received his annual evaluation at work. His boss described him as "very insightful, always full of new ideas during our meetings, and his work is full of inventive and imaginative touches..." What type of intelligence does Corbin most likely possess?

creative

Brainstorming, when one comes up with as many solutions as possible, occurs as a part of

divergent thinking

American psychologist Robert Sternberg proposed that intelligence is a measure of?

how you perform in the world every day

Muhammad is 4. His family has a cat who is orange. Muhammad's best friend, Aamir, also has a cat. Aamir's cat is also orange. Muhammad, therefore, believes that all cats are orange. Muhammad has made an error in 1. Inductive reasoning. 2. Deductive reasoning .3. Both inductive and deductive reasoning. 4. Neither inductive nor deductive reasoning.

inductive reasoning

Which of the following is NOT a component described in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? 1. analytical 2.creative 3.practical 4 interpersonal

interpersonal

Robyn is writing a research paper and she is frustrated because she can't find some of the information she needs to finish writing it. Her awareness that she is missing some information is an example of

metacognition

_______is the ability to recognize when you do or don't know something.

metacognition

Martin is thought of as being "street smart" rather than "book smart." Martin could be described as having a higher ______ intelligence and a lower ______ intelligence.

practical; analytical

Divergent thinking is used when: 1. You need to follow logical steps to reach one correct solution. 2. There are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions. 3. There are no correct solutions available. 4. You generate a single solution to multiple problems.

there are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions.

Which of the following statements about reasoning is not true? 1. Reasoning is the mental process of turning information we receive into a conclusion. 2. Reasoning can assist an individual in not jumping to conclusions by using what they already know to figure things out. 3. There are three types of reasoning that we typically use. 4. Inductive and deductive reasoning are both common ways of turning information we receive into a conclusion.

there are three types of reasoning that we typically use

Convergent thinking is required to solve all of the following except? 1. Solving a multiple-choice test question for your biology class. 2. Writing an essay to accompany your graduate school application. 3. Determining whether your electric bill has been paid this month. 4. Finding out whether your family will be coming to visit for the Christmas holidays.

writing an essay to accompany your graduate school application