Psychology Exam Part III
cognitive dissidence
13. Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he continues to drink large amounts of liquor. He also thinks he is a smart person that makes good choices. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________.
being in a crowd of bystanders when you witness someone fainting
14. Behavior is a product of both the situation and the person. Which of the following is an example of a situation that might influence behavior?
normative
15. Suppose you hate reality shows, but you pretend to like them in order to fit in, feel good, and be accepted by your friends, who all love reality television. This is an example of ________ social influence.
B. Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person.
6. What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?
suggestibility
Dozens of people witness a purse snatching. One of the eyewitnesses loudly yells "the man with the blue shirt did it." Later, when questioned by police, several other eyewitnesses remember the purse snatcher wearing a blue shirt, even though the purse snatcher was a woman in flowered dress. This is an example of ________: the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories.
your first day of school
Remembering ________ is a good example of episodic memory.
storage
The act of getting information out of memory storage and back into conscious awareness is known as ________.
sensory
What kind of memory involves storage of brief events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes?
change the word "transitional" to the word "sensory"
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through three distinct stages: transitional memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
recognition
When you take a multiple-choice test, you are relying on ________, a means of retrieving information out of your long-term memory storage system that helps you choose the correct answer.
using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes
Which of the following is an example of a mnemonic device?
. Eyewitness testimony is vulnerable to the power of suggestion.
Which of the following statements about eyewitness testimony is correct?
fundamental attribution error
1. Kara gets an F on her social psychology exam. Then she goes home and gets into an argument with her roommate, Lee. Lee assumes Kara is yelling at him because she likes to bully him, not because she had a bad day. Lee is making a ________.
in-group
10. Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to associate with other members of the chess club while avoiding people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias.
memory
What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?
Encoding involves the input of information into the memory system.
Which of the following statements about encoding is incorrect?
asch
11. Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one that thinks this way. Henry votes not guilty along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect.
confederate
12. The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked.
informational
2. Which type of social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information?
social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior
3. What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment?
People's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations
4. Which statement about social psychology is most accurate?
. The word "Asch" should be replaced by "Zimbardo."
5. What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Asch conducted his prison experiment to demonstrate that social roles have a great deal of influence on individual behavior.
seeking outside opinions on group decisions
7. Which of the following strategies would effectively prevent groupthink from occurring?
social loafing
8. Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________.
rehearsal
In order to remember his lines for the play, Guy repeats his lines over and over again. This process is called ________.
diffusion of responsibility
9. Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.
chunking
Elena finds it very difficult to remember a long string of numbers, so she tries to memorize three numbers at a time. Later, she is able to repeat the numbers correctly because she grouped the numbers into more manageable groups of three. This is an example of ________.
flashbulb memory
For many in the baby-boom generation, the Kennedy assassination represents a ________, an exceptionally clear recollection of an important event.
Explicit memories are memories we consciously try to remember and recall, while implicit memories are those that are not part of our consciousness.
How is an explicit memory different from an implicit memory?
encoding failure
Lisa puts five quarters into the parking meter every time she goes downtown. However, when asked, Lisa cannot say if the head on a quarter is facing left or right. This may be an example of ________, because Lisa never paid attention to the picture in the first place.
type of implicit memory that stores information about how to do things
What is procedural memory?