Psychology Final
Self-actualizing
in humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential
psychosexual development
in psychodynamic theory, the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development
the big five factor model
includes the two found by eysenck - extraversion and neuroticism along with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience
observational learning
occurs even when the learner does not perform the observed behavior
modeling
one of the foundations of of social cognitive theory; it refers to acquiring knowledge by observing others
Erik Erikson
-believed freud placed too much emphasis on sex -spoke of psychosocial development, -labeled stages of development according to traits -argued that ego identity, not genital sexuality, was key goal of adolescence
psychosocial development
Erikson's theory of personality and development, which emphasizes social relationships and eight stages of growth
phallic stage
The third stage of psychosexual development, characterized by a shift of libido to phallic region
objective tests
tests whose items must be answered in specified, limited manner; tests whose items have concrete answers that are considered correct
oral stage
the first stage of psychosexual development, during which gratification is hypothesized to be attained primarily through oral activites
genital stage
the mature stage of psychosexual development, characterized by preferred expression of libido through intercourse with an adult of the other gender
Id
the psychic structure, present at birth, that represents psychological drives and is fully unconscious
personality
the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another
Ego
the second psychic structure to develop, characterized by self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification
anal stage
the second stage of psychosexual development, when gratification is attained through anal activities
superego
the third psychic structure, which functions as a moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior
humanism
the view that people are capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, and ethical behavior
hippocrate
a greek physician devised a way of looking at personality that in effect remains in use today, his theory has inspired contemporary trait theories of personality
latency
a phase of psychosexual development characterized by repression of sexual impulses
trait
a relatively stable aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistent behavior
Carl Jung
a swiss psychiatrist who has been a member of freud inner circle. He fell into disfavor with Freud when he developed his own psychodynamic theory the ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY
extraversion
a trait characterized by tendencies to be socially outgoing and to express feelings and impulses freely
Psychoanalysis
Freud used this form of mental detective work; people are encouraged to talk about anything that pops into their mind while they remain relaxed and comfortable
psychodynamic theory
Sigmund Freud's perspective, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as forces that determine behavior
openness to experience
contrasts imagination, curiosity, and creativity with shallowness and lack of perceptiveness
agreeableness
contrasts kindness, trust, and warmth with hostility, selfishness, and distrust
neuroticism
contrasts nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli with coping ability
conscientiousness
contrasts organization, thoroughness, and reliability with carelessness, negligence, and unreliability
Karen Horney
criticized by the New York Psychoanalytic Institute because she took issue with the way in which psychoanalytic theory portrayed women
Hans eysencks trait theory
focused much of his research on the relationships between two personal traits: introversion extraversion and emotional stability instability
Alfred Adler
follower of Freud; believed that people are basically motivated by an INFERIORITY COMPLEX; believed that all of us encounter some feelings of inferiority because of our small size as children which give a rise to A DRIVE FOR SUPERIORITY; also spoke of CREATIVE SELF; his views have been termed INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY
Abraham Maslow
humanistic psychologist who argued that people also have a conscious need for self-actaulization