Psychology Final

Self-actualizing

in humanistic theory, the innate tendency to strive to realize one's potential

psychosexual development

in psychodynamic theory, the process by which libidinal energy is expressed through different erogenous zones during different stages of development

the big five factor model

includes the two found by eysenck - extraversion and neuroticism along with conscientiousness, agreeableness, and openness to experience

observational learning

occurs even when the learner does not perform the observed behavior

modeling

one of the foundations of of social cognitive theory; it refers to acquiring knowledge by observing others

Erik Erikson

-believed freud placed too much emphasis on sex -spoke of psychosocial development, -labeled stages of development according to traits -argued that ego identity, not genital sexuality, was key goal of adolescence

psychosocial development

Erikson's theory of personality and development, which emphasizes social relationships and eight stages of growth

phallic stage

The third stage of psychosexual development, characterized by a shift of libido to phallic region

objective tests

tests whose items must be answered in specified, limited manner; tests whose items have concrete answers that are considered correct

oral stage

the first stage of psychosexual development, during which gratification is hypothesized to be attained primarily through oral activites

genital stage

the mature stage of psychosexual development, characterized by preferred expression of libido through intercourse with an adult of the other gender

Id

the psychic structure, present at birth, that represents psychological drives and is fully unconscious

personality

the reasonably stable patterns of emotions, motives, and behavior that distinguish one person from another

Ego

the second psychic structure to develop, characterized by self-awareness, planning, and delay of gratification

anal stage

the second stage of psychosexual development, when gratification is attained through anal activities

superego

the third psychic structure, which functions as a moral guardian and sets forth high standards for behavior

humanism

the view that people are capable of free choice, self-fulfillment, and ethical behavior

hippocrate

a greek physician devised a way of looking at personality that in effect remains in use today, his theory has inspired contemporary trait theories of personality

latency

a phase of psychosexual development characterized by repression of sexual impulses

trait

a relatively stable aspect of personality that is inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistent behavior

Carl Jung

a swiss psychiatrist who has been a member of freud inner circle. He fell into disfavor with Freud when he developed his own psychodynamic theory the ANALYTICAL PSYCHOLOGY

extraversion

a trait characterized by tendencies to be socially outgoing and to express feelings and impulses freely

Psychoanalysis

Freud used this form of mental detective work; people are encouraged to talk about anything that pops into their mind while they remain relaxed and comfortable

psychodynamic theory

Sigmund Freud's perspective, which emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as forces that determine behavior

openness to experience

contrasts imagination, curiosity, and creativity with shallowness and lack of perceptiveness

agreeableness

contrasts kindness, trust, and warmth with hostility, selfishness, and distrust

neuroticism

contrasts nervousness, moodiness, and sensitivity to negative stimuli with coping ability

conscientiousness

contrasts organization, thoroughness, and reliability with carelessness, negligence, and unreliability

Karen Horney

criticized by the New York Psychoanalytic Institute because she took issue with the way in which psychoanalytic theory portrayed women

Hans eysencks trait theory

focused much of his research on the relationships between two personal traits: introversion extraversion and emotional stability instability

Alfred Adler

follower of Freud; believed that people are basically motivated by an INFERIORITY COMPLEX; believed that all of us encounter some feelings of inferiority because of our small size as children which give a rise to A DRIVE FOR SUPERIORITY; also spoke of CREATIVE SELF; his views have been termed INDIVIDUAL PSYCHOLOGY

Abraham Maslow

humanistic psychologist who argued that people also have a conscious need for self-actaulization