Psychology Final prep

The term "unconscious" was first coined by the

Friedrich Schelling

Types of Psychotherapy:

Individual therapy, Couples therapy, Family therapy, Group therapy

Basic biological needs, like food and water, are (what type of motivation)

Intrinsic motivation

The pre-operational stage include

Learning language

Tips for Improving EI

Listen, Empathize, Reflect

Five-factor model of Personality: or What are the big five dimensions of personality?

Openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Sigmund Freud developed a method of psychotherapy known as

Psychoanalysis

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when all of the physiological needs are met, people tend to become concerned with which of the following?

Safety needs

Health Psychology is

Specialty area that focuses on how biology, psychology, behavior and social factors influence health and illness

Emotion is a complex psychological state that involves three distinct components:

Subjective experience, Physiological response, Behavioral or expressive response.

Humanism embraces

The concepts of self, self-esteem, self-actualization, and free will

Intrapersonal conflicts:

The mental conflict below the level of conscious awareness.

What is Rage?

Uncontrolled aggression

When did the psychology of health arise?

1970

How many stages of development are there in Jean Piaget's theory?

4

A psychosomatic disorder is

a disease which involves both mind and body.

Emotional conflict

a state of disharmony between incompatible intense emotions

Visualisation

graphs and charts, maps, logos and other communicate messages

Freud concluded that the successful completion of each stage leads to

healthy adult development

The Emotional psychology studies

how emotions manifest in humans.

There are three types of listening:

informational, critical, and empathic

The sensorimotor stage include

simple motor responses

Motivational style

the characteristic manner in which an individual seeks or finds the motivation to perform a task.

Feelings are

the result of emotions.

Psychology as an independent experimental field of study began in

1879

Panic attack is

A sudden onset of intense apprehension and fearfulness in the absence of actual danger

Behaviorists focus on

Behavior-environment relations

Who explained motivation through the satisfaction of needs arranged in a hierarchical order? or The most famous scientist who developed a hierarchical motivation model was:

Abraham Maslow

What are the functions of the Ego?

Acts as both a conduit for and a check on the id, working to meet the id's needs in a socially appropriate way.

The system of psychoanalysis proposed by Carl Jung, in which the psyche is interpreted primarily in terms of philosophical values, primordial images and symbols, and a drive for self-fulfillment.

Analytic psychology

How called are people with slender or slim body?

Asthenic type people

An approach to psychology, formulated in 1913 by John B. Watson

Behaviorism

Biological psychology is the scientific study of the

Biological substrates of behavior and mental states.

Determinants of personality: or Five personality factors that contribute to the formation and development of a human personality is

Biological, Social, Cultural, Physical, Situational

What is personality?

Characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique

In Freudian theory, the human mind is structured into two main parts:

Conscious and unconscious mind

The characteristic attitudes and behaviors of a particular group within society, such as a profession, social class, or age group.

Culture

Areas of conflicts:

Economic, Ideological, Social, Family

Extraversion is

Excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of emotional expressiveness

What is a group

Existing in a single space and at a single time association of people interacting in joint activities and entering into certain business and interpersonal relationships

Types of motivation is

External, internal, steadily, unsteadily

We will also be motivated by

Goals, values, and desires.

The word "psychology" comes from the

Greek word

What emotions suggested Paul Eckman in 1972?

Happiness, Sadness, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Contempt and Surprise (Anger, Fear, Disgust, Surprise, Happiness Sadness, Contemp, Interest)

What kind of process is motivation? or Motivation is ...

Internal process

Types of conflicts:

Intrapersonal, Interpersonal, Unconscious Conflicts

What are myths?

Myths are sacred tales that explain the world and man's experience.

What is a social influence?

Norms and rules imposed by society stereotypes

Unconscious Conflict:

Operates at an unconscious level and focuses solely on instinctual drives and desires.

What are the functions of the Id?

Operates at an unconscious level and focuses solely on instinctual drives and desires.

Beginning of psychology is

Philosophy

Self-regulation involves the whole person including 4 aspects:

Physical, Emotional, Mental, Social

Self-regulation methods:

Planning, Monitoring, Reflection

What are the functions of the Superego?

Portion of the mind in which morality and higher principles reside, encouraging us to act in socially and morally acceptable ways.

An approach to the mind, personality, psychological disorders, and psychological treatment originally developed by Sigmund Freud at the beginning of the 20th century.

Psychoanaysis

What is psychology?

Psychology is the study of mind and behavior.

How called are people who are short and having round body?

Pyknic type people

What Is the Unconscious?

Reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that outside of conscious awareness.

What is a Psychologist?

Scientists, researchers, therapists and clinicians whose study of human behavior helps to addresses many contemporary issues related to interpersonal relationships, public health, crime and terrorism, education, the economy, and healthcare.

According to Maslow's theory ______ is the highest in the hierarchy.

Self-actualization needs

Five components of Emotional Intelligence:

Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Motivation, Empathy, Social Skills.

Temperament is

Set of genetically determined psychic qualities a person possesses.

The physiological or psychological response to internal or external stressors.

Stress

Self-regulation is

The ability to monitor and manage your energy states, emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in ways that are acceptable and produce positive results such as well-being, loving relationships, and learning.

What is False positive?

The mistake of doctors or psychologists, in which the patient is not sick, but the doctor diagnosed the disease.

Abnormal psychology is

The study of abnormal behavior and psychopathology

What is Developmental psychology?

The study of physical, mental, and behavioral changes, from conception through old age.

Interpersonal conflicts:

This conflicts is caused between individuals.

What is the psyche?

Totality of the human mind, conscious and unconsciouns

Neuroticism is

Trait characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability.

A norms often derive from

Values

Categories of communication include:

Verbal, Non-Verbal, Written, Visualizations.

Who opened the first psychological laboratory?

Wilhelm Wundt

Conflict genes:

Words, Deeds, Actions

What is Consciousness?

Your awareness of yourself and the world around you.

Emotional reasoning is

a cognitive process by which an individual concludes that their emotional reaction proves something is true, despite contrary empirical evidence.

What is a communication

a complex act of mental activity common to most sentient beings.

Need

a condition of tension in an organism resulting from deprivation of something required for survival, well-being, or personal fulfillment

A national identity is

a consistent set of attitudes that define who the person is as a citizen of his or her country

Emotional insulation

a defense mechanism characterized by seeming indifference and detachment in response to frustrating situations or disappointing events.

Emotional development

a gradual increase in the capacity to experience, express, and interpret the full range of emotions.

Motive (or motivation) is

a need, want, interest, or desire that propels someone (or an organism) in a certain direction

Social attitude

a person's general outlook on social issues and approach to his or her social responsibilities

Feeling can be defined as

a person's response to the emotion that comes from the perception of a situation

What is a self-perception?

a person's view of his or her self or of any of the mental or physical attributes that constitute the self.

Communication is

a process that allows organisms to exchange information by several methods.

What is a stereotype?

a set of cognitive generalizations (e.g., beliefs, expectations) about the qualities and characteristics of the members of a group or social category

Neurolinguistic programming (NLP)

a set of techniques and strategies designed to improve interpersonal communications and relationships by modifying the "mental programs," or mental models of the world, that individuals develop and use to respond to and interact with the environment and other people.

Ernest Kretschmer's Classification of personality characteristics includes:

a) asthenic (thin, small, weak) b) athletic (muscular, large-boned) c) pyknic (stocky, fat)[4] d) dysplastic (unproportionate body)

The formal operational stage include

abstract thought and skills arise

The activity of using or treating oneself with something that is harmful is known as

abuse

Listening is the

active process of making meaning out of another person's spoken message.

The unconscious mind includes

all of the things outside of our awareness - all of the wishes, desires, hopes, urges, and memories that lie outside of awareness yet continue to influence behavior

The social environment is

all the pieces of our community

The conscious mind includes

all the things we are aware of or can easily bring into awareness.

Melancholia

an archaic name for depression.

Extrinsic motivation

an award or a good grade

Identity is

an describe an individual's comprehension of him or herself as a discrete, separate entity.

Anger

an emotion characterized by tension and hostility arising from frustration.

Happiness

an emotion of joy, gladness, satisfaction, and well-being

Surprise

an emotion typically resulting from the violation of an expectation or the detection of novelty in the environment

Sadness

an emotional state of unhappiness

A norm is

an evaluative belief

Psychologist is

an individual who is professionally trained in one or more branches or subfields of psychology.

Choose appropriate definition of Motivation

an individual's intensity, direction and persistence

What is a reflex?

any of a number of automatic, unlearned, relatively fixed responses to stimuli.

Social behavior

any one of a set of behaviors exhibited by gregarious, communal social species, including cooperation, affiliation, altruism and so on

Motivational factor

any physiological or psychological factor that stimulates, maintains, and directs behavior

Habits

are automatic routines of behavior that are repeated regularly, without thinking

What is are feelings?

are subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them.

General psychology is the study of the

basic theories, principles and methods of psychology

Aggression

behavior aimed at harming others physically or psychologically

.A norm indicates the degree to which

behavior is regarded as right versus wrong, allowable versus unallowable

The emotions are

behavioral, cognitive and physiological patterns that occur in response to a given stimulus.

Developmental psychology investigates

biological, genetic, neurological, psychosocial, cultural, and environmental factors of human growth.

Non-verbal communication

body language, gestures, how we dress or act - even our scent

What is a mind?

broadly, all intellectual and psychological phenomena of an organism, encompassing motivational, affective, behavioral, perceptual, and cognitive systems

Psychosomatic

characterizing an approach based on the belief that a psychological component operates in the cause of somatic disturbances.

Freud considered personality to be formed in

childhood

Values and norms involve

cognitive beliefs of approval or disapproval

Needs are

conditions within the individual that are essential and necessary for the maintenance of life and the nurturance of growth and well-being.

EQ

determines how you interact and treat people in your life, it shows how you are going to cope with pressures or face the crises.

IQ

determines your competencies and individual capacities

Darwin conducted one of the first studies on how people recognize _________ in faces.

emotion

Levels of emotional intelligence including

emotional perception, using emotions, understand emotions, manage emotions

What are the norms and values?

evaluative beliefs that synthesize affective and cognitive elements to orient people to the world in which they live

The ability

existing competence or skill to perform a specific physical or mental act

Spoken or verbal communication

face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media

6 types of basic emotions:

fear, disgust, anger, surprise, happiness, and sadness

Health psychologists are

focused on educating people about their own health and well-being, so they are perfectly suited to fill this rising demand.

Self-motivation is

generally driven by intrinsic motivation that comes from a sincere wish to achieve and the desire for the inherent rewards associated with it or the force that drives you to do things

Social psychology focuses on

group behavior, social influences on individual behavior, attitudes, prejudice, conformity, aggression, and related topics

Many health psychologists work specifically focusing on

helping people stop health problems before they start.

Motivational psychology is a study of

how biological, psychological, and environmental variables contribute to motivation

What is the psyche?

in psychology, the mind in its totality, as distinguished from the physical organism

Self-motivation

it's a drive that makes you work toward your goals, to put effort into self-development, and to achieve personal fulfillment.

Apathy

lack of motivation or goal directed behavior

Bandura suggested that observation is critical in

learning

Written communication

letters, e-mails, books, magazines, the Internet or via other media

The first and primary mechanism of interpersonal perception is the identification of

man by man

Emotional memory

memory for events that evoke an emotional response

The concrete operational stage include

more logically thoughts about factual events

Group communication is

more than one person communicating to a group or many people interacting together

Herzberg's two-factor theory is

motivation-hygiene theory

Motivation comes from the word

motive

Values are

not goals of behavior

Emotion is

often defined as a complex state of feeling that results in physical and psychological changes which in their turn influence thoughts and behavior

What is a self-concept?

one's description and evaluation of oneself, including psychological and physical characteristics, qualities, skills, roles and so forth

What stages of development did Freud single out?

oral, anal, phallic, latent, and genital

Worldview is

person's perception of his or her relationship with the world

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is arranged in which order?

physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization

Extrinsic motivation

refers to behavior that is driven by external rewards.

Health psychologists work with

risk factors, improve overall health, and reduce illness

The basic types of temperament are:

sanguine, choleric, melancholic, phlegmatic

The best kind of motivation is

self-motivation

What are the main elements of communication?

sender, a message and a recipient.

Conflict is

situation in which interdependent people express (manifest or latent) differences in satisfying their individual needs and interests, and they experience interference from each other in accomplishing these goals.

Sports psychology is the

study of how psychological factors influence sports, athletic performance, exercise, and physical activity

Emotion regulation

the ability of an individual to modulate an emotion or set of emotions

What is a intelligence?

the ability to derive information, learn from experience, adapt to the environment, understand, and correctly utilize thought and reason

What is Emotional Intelligence

the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions

Emotional cognition

the ability to recognize and interpret the emotions of others

Empathy is

the ability to recognize and interpret the emotions of others

Memory

the ability to retain information or a representation of past experience, based on the mental processe

Nonverbal communication is

the act of conveying information without the use of words

Abnormal psychology

the branch of psychology devoted to the study, assessment, treatment, and prevention of maladaptive behavior

What is an aptitude?

the capacity to acquire competence or skill through training

What is conflict?

the competition between interdependent parties who perceive that they have incompatible needs, goals, desires, or ideas.

What is a focus?

the concentration or centering of attention on a stimulus.

What is a gender?

the condition of being male, female, or neuter

Aspects of the social environment include

the economy, safety and security, arts and culture

Personality is

the enduring configuration of characteristics and behavior that comprises an individual's unique adjustment to life

Personality development

the gradual development of personality in terms of characteristic emotional responses or temperament

What is the greatest motivator?

the most powerful motivator of all is fear

Intrinsic motivation is

the motivation to engage in a behavior arises from within the individual.

Conflict

the occurrence of mutually antagonistic or opposing forces, including events, behaviors, desires, attitudes, and emotions.

The personal idiosyncrasies that separate one person from the next, known as

the personal identity

A conflict situation always includes

the presence of subjects of a probable collision and its object.

What is a socialization?

the process by which individuals acquire social skills, beliefs, values, and behaviors necessary to function effectively in society or in a particular group

Interpersonal communication is

the process of exchanging messages between people whose lives mutually influence one another in unique ways in relation to social and cultural norms.

Interpersonal perception

the process of making meaning from things we experience in people and our relationships

Perception

the process or result of becoming aware of objects, relationships, and events

What is a social role?

the set of attitudes and characteristic behaviors expected of an individual

Social context

the specific circumstance or general environment that serves as a social framework for individual or interpersonal behavior.

Egocentrism

the tendency to emphasize one's own needs, concerns, and outcomes rather than those of others.

Communication

the transmission of information, which may be by verbal (oral or written) or nonverbal means

What is the purpose of the communication process?

to relate and exchange ideas, knowledge, feelings, and experiences and for many other interpersonal and social purposes.

Goals of Health Psychology:

understanding behavioral and contextual factors for health and illness, preventing illness, finding treatments to manage pain.

Personality psychology focuses on

understanding how personality develops as well as the patterns of thoughts, behaviors, and characteristics that make each individual unique.