Psychology final
Which of the following statements is true according to activation-synthesis theory? Select one: a.Dreams result from the brain's attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep. b.Dreaming occurs when the thalamus synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain. c.It proposes that one can understand dreaming by applying the same cognitive concepts used in studying the waking mind. d.It rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious cognitive processing.
a.Dreams result from the brain's attempts to find logic in random brain activity that occurs during sleep.
_______ refers to memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience. Select one: a.Implicit memory b.Explicit memory c.Sensory memory d.Short-term memory
a.Implicit memory
In the context of the structure of the ear, which of the following statements is true of the outer ear? Select one: a.It consists of the pinna and the external auditory canal. b.It is primarily responsible for channelizing and amplifying sound to the inner ear. c.It includes the oval window, cochlea, and basilar membrane. d.It converts sound waves into neural impulses and sends them to the brain.
a.It consists of the pinna and the external auditory canal.
Identify a true statement about the cognitive theory of dreaming. Select one: a.It rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious cognitive processing. b.It refers to dreams as cognitive trash. c.It is based on the search for the hidden, symbolic content of dreams that Sigmund Freud sought. d.It states that dreaming occurs when the cerebral cortex synthesizes neural signals generated from activity in the lower part of the brain.
a.It rests on the idea that dreams are essentially subconscious cognitive processing.
________ is a relatively permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time. Select one: a.Long-term memory b.Short-term memory c.Iconic memory d.Echoic memory
a.Long-term memory
Which of the following statements is true of the central nervous system (CNS)? Select one: a.More than 99 percent of all nerve cells are located in the CNS. b.The neocortex makes up 40 percent of the cortex in the CNS of human beings. c.The function of the CNS is to bring information to and from the brain and spinal cord. d.The CNS has two major divisions: the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system.
a.More than 99% of all nerve cells are located in the CNS
In the context of loss aversion, which of the following statements is true of the endowment effect? Select one: a.People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. b.People tend to make more losses than gains when making investments based on the suggestions of their peers. c.People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d.People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.
a.People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else.
_______ is a language's sound system. Select one: a.Phonology b.Semantics c.Morphology d.Syntax
a.Phonology
How long does information last in sensory memory? Select one: a.a fraction of a second to several seconds b.30-60 seconds c.2-3 minutes d.5 minutes
a.a fraction of a second to several seconds
According to Erikson's theory of socioemotional development, establishing ________ is the key challenge of adolescence. Select one: a.an identity b.intimacy with a partner c.generativity d.integrity
a.an identity
The ________ is part of the forebrain, the outer layer of the brain, and is responsible for the most complex mental functions, such as thinking and planning. Select one: a.cerebral cortex b.hypothalamus c.amygdala d.hippocampus
a.cerebral cortex
The biological cycle that regulates people's pattern of sleep is called a Select one: a.circadian rhythm. b.myoclonic event. c.non-REM sequence. d.dormant rhythm.
a.circadian rhythm.
When the axons of healthy neurons adjacent to damaged cells grow new branches, ________ has occurred. Select one: a.collateral sprouting b.substitution of function c.neurogenesis d.synaptic pruning
a.collateral sprouting
Which of the following statements is true of the cones of the eye's retina? Select one: a.Cones require a larger amount of light to respond than the rods do. b.Cones are not light-sensitive. c.Cones are not found in the fovea. d.Cones operate best in the dark.
a.cones require a larger amount of light to respond than rods do.
A(n) ________ is a person who is given a role to play in a study so that the social context can be manipulated. Select one: a.confederate b.henchman c.accessory d.control group member
a.confederate
Which of the following attitudes are central to the scientific approach to psychology? Select one: a.critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity b.critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and subjectivity c.critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and objectivity d.critical thinking, curiosity, political correctness, and subjectivity
a.critical thinking, curiosity, skepticism, and objectivity
Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with extraversion? Select one: a.dopamine b.serotonin c.acetylcholine d.GABA
a.dopamine
In the context of memory retrieval, the ________ states that information present at the time of encrypting or learning tends to be effective as a retrieval cue. Select one: a.encoding specificity principle b.Atkinson-Shiffrin theory c.interference theory d.serial position effect
a.encoding specificity principle
In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following refers to a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable? a.experiments b.correlational studies c.case studies d.surveys
a.experiments
An experimenter studies the relationship between caffeine and reaction time. She designs her experiment with four groups. Group one receives 100 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; group two receives 200 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; group three receives 300 mg of caffeine each in their cups of coffee; and group four receives no coffee. Twenty minutes later, participants from all the groups are given a reaction-time test. In this experiment, which group is the control group? a.group four b.group three c.group two d.group one
a.group four
The major purpose of the sclera is to Select one: a.help maintain the shape of the eye and protect it from injury. b.control the size of the pupil. c.focus light on the retina. d.record what we see and convert it to neural impulses for processing in the brain.
a.help maintain the shape of the eye and protect it from injury
The tendency of animals to revert to intuitive behavior that interferes with learning is called Select one: a.instinctive drift. b.instinctive learning. c.preparedness. d.conceptualization.
a.instinctive drift.
Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning? Select one: a.judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior b.encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later c.imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed d.attending to what the model is saying or doing
a.judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior
________ is defined as a special kind of systematic observation, used by correlational researchers, that involves obtaining measures of the variables of interest in multiple waves over time. a.A longitudinal design b.A double-blind experiment c.Naturalistic observation d.Structuralism
a.longitudinal design
Sara, a researcher, and her team conduct a study to examine the effect of WakeMe, an energy drink, on the intelligence quotient (IQ) levels of people in a small district of Casadia. The people of Casadia are randomly divided into two equal groups. Members of one group, Group WM, are made to drink WakeMe and then take the IQ test. Members of the other group, Group NoWM, are made to drink plain water packaged in WakeMe bottles and then take the IQ test. In this scenario, who among the following exemplifies the control group? a.members of Group NoWM b.members of Group WM c.Sara and her team d.the team that designs the IQ test
a.members of Group NoWM
________ are the thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly. Select one: a.Mental processes b.Behaviors c.Fetal processes d.Mannerisms
a.mental processes
________ involves the manipulation of genes using technology to determine their effect on behavior. Select one: a.Molecular genetics b.Selective breeding c.Genome-wide association method d.Behavior genetics
a.molecular genetics
The removal of a stimulus following a given behavior in order to increase the frequency of that behavior is called Select one: a.negative reinforcement. b.positive reinforcement. c.positive punishment. d.negative punishment.
a.negative reinforcement.
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of Freud's psychosexual stages of development? Select one: a.oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital b.anal, oral, phallic, latency, genital c.phallic, oral, anal, genital, latency d.genital, oral, phallic, anal, latency
a.oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital
Molly's natural hair color is brown, but she has had it dyed blonde. Molly changed her Select one: a.phenotype. b.genotype. c.chromosomes. d.genetic heritage.
a.phenotype
Mateo, a waiter at a restaurant, usually takes food orders from customers. On his way back to the kitchen, he consciously repeats the orders in his mind so that he does not forget them. In the context of short-term memory, Mateo applies the technique of ________ to remember the orders. Select one: a.rehearsal b.chunking c.grouping d.packing
a.rehearsal
Matthew, a behavioral psychologist, studies the hunting ability of dogs. He controls the mating of dogs so they exhibit a particular characteristic of hunting. In this scenario, which of the following genetic methods is Matthew most likely using for his study? Select one: a.selective breeding b.natural selection c.the genome-wide association method d.polymorphism
a.selective breeding
Jacob asks his little brother Boris to play a game of chess with him. As Boris has never played chess before, Jacob explains the rules of the game to him. What type of long-term memory has primarily helped Jacob to recount his knowledge of chess to Boris? Select one: a.semantic memory b.flashbulb memory c.episodic memory d.sensory memory
a.semantic memory
Mr. Owens always sleeps restlessly, snoring and gasping during the night. It is most likely that Mr. Owens suffers from Select one: a.sleep apnea. b.narcolepsy. c.night terror. d.insomnia.
a.sleep apnea
Corticosteroids are Select one: a.stress hormones. b.sex hormones. c.neurotransmitters that regulate mood. d.neurotransmitters that regulate memory.
a.stress hormones.
The ________ is the part of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body to mobilize it for action and thus is involved in the experience of stress. Select one: a.sympathetic nervous system b.parasympathetic nervous system c.somatic nervous system d.central nervous system
a.sympathetic nervous system
If a child's mental age is higher than his or her chronological age, this means that Select one: a.the child's IQ is above average. b.the child has an average IQ. c.the child's IQ is lower than average. d.the child's IQ is deteriorating.
a.the child's IQ is above average.
In operant conditioning, Select one: a.the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the behavior's occurrence. b.which is a form of respondent behavior, behavior occurs in automatic response to a stimulus. c.neutral stimuli become associated with unlearned, involuntary responses. d.behavior is a consequence of the conditioned stimulus (CS).
a.the consequences of behavior produce change in the probability of the behavior's occurrence.
Which part of an eye usually acts like the aperture of a camera, opening and closing depending on the amount of light required to enter the eye? Select one: a.the pupil b.the sclera c.the retina d.the iris
a.the pupil
According to Sigmund Freud, ________ is a reservoir of unacceptable wishes, feelings, and thoughts that are beyond awareness. Select one: a.unconscious thought b.conscious thought c.controlled thought d.subconscious thought
a.unconscious thought
In the context of Albert Bandura's observational learning model, seeing a model attain a reward for an activity increases the chances that an observer will repeat the behavior. This process is called Select one: a.vicarious reinforcement. b.latent learning. c.avoidance learning. d.negative reinforcement.
a.vicarious reinforcement.
Alyssa wins a lottery. According to the concept of the hedonic treadmill Select one: a.Alyssa will feel maximum happiness and fulfillment for the rest of her life. b.Alyssa will experience a short-term high from her win, but her happiness will eventually return back to its set point. c.Alyssa will selfishly spend her money in large quantities. d.Alyssa's happiness will be unaffected by her lottery win.
b.Alyssa will experience a short-term high from her win, but her happiness will eventually return back to its set point.
The ________ has developed ethics guidelines for its members, and the ________ evaluates the ethical nature of research conducted at their colleges and universities. Select one: a.Institutional Review Board (IRB); American Psychological Association (APA) b.American Psychological Association (APA); Institutional Review Board (IRB) c.county government; state government d.state government; county government
b.American Psychological Association (APA); Institutional Review Board (IRB)
_______ produces the single best solution to a problem. Select one: a.Deductive reasoning b.Convergent thinking c.Divergent thinking d.Inductive reasoning
b.Convergent thinking
________ is a complex molecule in the cell's chromosomes that carries genetic information. Select one: a.RNA b.DNA c.Ribosome d.Polysome
b.DNA
________ refers to ways in which people present themselves through their appearance, including hairstyle, clothing choices, voice, and behavior. Select one: a.Gender identity b.Gender expression c.Sexual orientation d.Gendered sexuality
b.Gender expression
________ provide support, nutritional benefits, and other functions in the nervous system. Select one: a.Neurons b.Glial cells c.Sclerenchyma cells d.Dendrites
b.Glial cells
Identify a true statement about intermediate processing. Select one: a.The physical and perceptual features are analyzed predominantly in intermediate processing. b.In intermediate processing, a stimulus is typically identified and labeled. c.The semantic, meaningful, symbolic characteristics are used in intermediate processing. d.In intermediate processing, meaning is assigned to a stimulus.
b.In intermediate processing, a stimulus is typically identified and labeled.
________ is a form of problem solving in which the organism develops a sudden understanding of a problem's solution. Select one: a.Classical conditioning b.Insight learning c.Latent learning d.Instinctive drift
b.Insight learning
Which of the following statements best defines critical thinking in psychology? Select one: a.It is the process of accepting observed events as true. b.It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence. c.It is a form of thinking intended to create something new and different. d.It is a form of thinking that has been rejected by contemporary psychologists.
b.It is the process of reflecting deeply, asking questions, and evaluating evidence.
________ is the specialization of function in one hemisphere of the brain or the other. Select one: a.Habituation b.Lateralization c.Assimilation d.Accommodation
b.Lateralization
Which of the following statements is true of the practitioners of the psychodynamic approach? Select one: a.They believe that personality is shaped entirely by genetic factors. b.They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think. c.They emphasize that psychology should be about what people do and should not concern itself with things that cannot be seen, such as thoughts, feelings, and goals. d.They use evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining specific human behaviors.
b.They believe that sexual and aggressive impulses buried deep within the unconscious mind influence the way people think.
In the context of shaping, operant conditioning relies on the notion that Select one: a.repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus result in aversive conditioning. b.a behavior is likely to be repeated if it is followed by a reward. c.a behavior is likely to be avoided if it is associated with a positive stimulus. d.an organism learns that it has no control over negative outcomes.
b.a behavior is likely to be repeated if it is followed by a reward.
Drugs used to treat schizophrenia interfere with the activity of dopamine. Such a drug is an example of a(n) Select one: a.agonist. b.antagonist. c.synapse. d.stressor.
b.antagonist
In observational learning, the first process that must occur is Select one: a.motor reproduction. b.attention. c.reinforcement. d.retention.
b.attention.
The function of the ________ is to take messages to and from the body's internal organs, monitoring such processes as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. Select one: a.central nervous system b.autonomic nervous system c.somatic nervous system d.voluntary nervous system
b.autonomic nervous system
Annette is an adolescent with extreme social anxiety. Dr. Benson's treatment plan for Annette focuses on rewarding her whenever she takes a step toward conquering her fears. In this scenario, Dr. Benson adheres most closely to the ________ approach to psychology. Select one: a.cognitive b.behavioral c.psychodynamic d.sociocultural
b.behavioral
In the context of visual perception, ________ is the bringing together and integration of what is processed by different neural pathways or cells. Select one: a.parallel processing b.binding c.depth perception d.perceptual integration
b.binding
The brain and spinal cord make up the Select one: a.peripheral nervous system. b.central nervous system. c.autonomic nervous system. d.somatic nervous system.
b.central nervous system
ccording to ________ psychologists, your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember, make decisions, plan, set goals, and be creative. Select one: a.psychodynamic b.cognitive c.evolutionary d.humanistic
b.cognitive
The ________ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system. This view contrasts with the ________ outlook, which portrays actions as controlled by external environmental forces. a.behavioral; cognitive b.cognitive; behavioral c.psychodynamic; humanistic d.humanistic; psychodynamic
b.cognitive; behavioral
In correlations research, third variables are also known as Select one: a.confederates. b.confounds. c.allies. d.boosters.
b.confounds
Annie's mother pays her $5 for every book she reads. Annie does not love reading books, but she reads crazily because she enjoys spending the earned money on candies and toys. In this scenario, Annie is driven by ________ motivation. Select one: a.intrinsic b.extrinsic c.organismic d.drive-reduction
b.extrinsic
Over time, a person is likely to develop a tolerance for a psychoactive drug and need a higher dose of the substance to get the same effect. This scenario exemplifies Select one: a.learned helplessness. b.habituation. c.gratification. d.negative reinforcement.
b.habituation
According to the principle of ________, all participants must know what their participation will involve and what risks might develop. Select one: a.deception b.informed consent c.confidentiality d.freedom from harm
b.informed consent
Thorndike's law of effect is important because Select one: a.it focuses on the fact that continuous reinforcement characterizes most life experiences. b.it presents the basic idea that the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence. c.it believes that operant conditioning is much better than classical conditioning in explaining unlearned, involuntary responses. d.it assumes that contingency plays an insignificant role in operant conditioning.
b.it presents the basic idea that the consequences of a behavior influence the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence
Cognitive psychology is the study of Select one: a.emotions and sensations. b.mental processes. c.the abnormal functioning of one's physiology. d.social relationships.
b.mental processes.
According to Hermann Ebbinghaus, Select one: a.most forgetting occurs long after we originally learned something. b.most forgetting occurs soon after we originally learned something. c.motivated forgetting is a good treatment for overcoming traumatic events. d.motivated forgetting is a poor treatment for overcoming traumatic events.
b.most forgetting occurs soon after we originally learned something.
Tolman emphasized the Select one: a.discreetness of behavior. b.purposiveness of behavior. c.concept of associative learning. d.concept of operant learning.
b.purposiveness of behavior
A ________ is a sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected.a.stratified sample b.random sample c.convenience sample d.cluster sample
b.random sample
Baby Janice knows that when she is put in the highchair, it is time to eat. So, when her father puts her in the highchair and hands her a book, she puts the corner of the book in her mouth. According to Piaget, Janice's behavior can be best explained by Select one: a.schematic thinking. b.the assimilation process. c.the accommodation process. d.deferred imitation.
b.the assimilation process.
Leno follows a reality show on television. When the final episode is aired, he is able to remember the remaining contestants on the show rather than the first ones who were voted out. In the context of the serial position effect, which of the following best illustrates Leno's tendency to remember the remaining contestants on the show? Select one: a.the primacy effect b.the recency effect c.sensory memory d.connectionism
b.the recency effect
The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (2010) has developed an assessment that examines a person's level of adaptive behavior in the life domains of conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills. Which of the following is an example of conceptual skills? Select one: a.interpersonal skills b.understanding of time c.use of the telephone d.ability to follow rules and obey
b.understanding of time
Lily has been battling insomnia for a very long time. She recently began taking medication to help her sleep. After several weeks of taking the drug, she noticed that she no longer fits into most of her clothes. She realizes that she has put on 10 pounds. Which of the following medications is she most likely taking? Select one: a.Valium b.Tylenol c.Ambien d.Prosom
c.Ambien
Which of the following statements is true of the development of the adolescent brain? Select one: a.Adolescents display strong cognitive skills to control their impulses effectively because of the quick development of the prefrontal cortex. b.In comparison with adults, adolescents display fewer emotions because of the slow growth of the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. c.In adolescents, brain changes first occur at the subcortical level in the limbic system. d.The developmental disjunction in the brain accounts for reduced risk-taking behaviors in adolescents.
c.In adolescents, brain changes first occur at the subcortical level in the limbic system.
Which of the following is true of the recovery pattern of grief explained by George Bonanno? Select one: a.Individuals who grieve in this pattern are more likely to be at risk for disorders such as depression than individuals who grieve in other patterns. b.Individuals who grieve in this pattern seldom experience a profound disruption of life, despite having gone through a staggering loss. c.In this pattern, intense feelings of sadness and distress typically come over the grieving person weeks or even months after a loss. d.In this pattern, individuals experience profound sadness and grief that dissipates more slowly than resilient individuals do.
c.In this pattern, intense feelings of sadness and distress typically come over the grieving person weeks or even months after a loss.
In the visual system, which of the following statements is true of parallel processing? Select one: a.It is the transfer of information across a single neural pathway. b.It is a system that processes information about sensory qualities serially. c.It is the simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways. d.It first processes the shapes of different stimuli and then their color and movement.
c.It is the simultaneous distribution of information across different neural pathways.
Which of the following is true of a variable-interval schedule in operant conditioning? Select one: a.It reinforces the first behavior after a fixed amount of time has passed. b.It rewards behaviors an average number of times but on an unpredictable basis. c.It reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed. d.It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.
c.It reinforces a behavior after an inconsistent and unpredictable amount of time has elapsed.
In the context of loss aversion, identify a true statement about sunk-cost fallacy. Select one: a.People ascribe greater value to things they already own, compared to objects owned by someone else. b.People disregard prior experiences or failures when making predictions about the possibility of an outcome. c.People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment. d.People tend to report falsely, after the fact, that they accurately predicted an outcome.
c.People are reluctant to give up on a venture because of past investment.
_______ is often termed "maturation" because it involves an unfolding of biological processes. Select one: a.Cognitive development b.Social development c.Physical development d.Emotional development
c.Physical development
REM sleep is initiated by a rise in ________, which activates the cerebral cortex while the rest of the brain remains relatively inactive. Select one: a.serotonin b.norepinephrine c.acetylcholine d.cortisol
c.acetylcholine
Creative people engage in Select one: a.divergent thinking but not in convergent thinking. b.deductive thinking. c.both convergent thinking and divergent thinking. d.functional fixedness.
c.both convergent thinking and divergent thinking.
Andrea, a psychologist, conducts a study to determine the effect of students' ages on their college grades. She divides a class into two groups: Below Age and Above Age. Members of the Below Age group are less than 18 years of age, whereas members of the Above Age group are 18 years of age or above. In this scenario, which of the following illustrates the dependent variable? Select one: a.members of the Below Age group b.members of the Above Age group c.college grades d.ages of the students
c.college grades
Developing a criterion for judging the effectiveness of a solution occurs during which step of the problem-solving process? Select one: a.finding and framing the problem b.developing problem-solving strategies c.evaluation of solutions d.redefining problems over time
c.evaluation of solutions
Which of the following research methods allow(s) researchers to determine causality? Select one: a.survey method b.observations c.experimental studies d.case study
c.experimental studies
Bob has a beaker filled with an unknown liquid and must determine what it is. He decides to systematically use a number of tests to determine the correct answer. According to Piaget, Bob has most likely reached the ________ stage of cognitive development. Select one: a.sensorimotor b.preoperational c.formal operational d.object permanence
c.formal operational
William James, a prominent American psychologist and philosopher, focused on human interactions with the outside world to understand the purpose of thoughts. His view is known as Select one: a.psychoanalysis. b.behaviorism. c.functionalism. d.structuralism.
c.functionalism
According to Abraham Maslow, which of the following traits is least likely to be associated with self-actualizers? Select one: a.spontaneity b.creativity c.intolerance d.sense of humor
c.intolerance
Matteo specializes in the study of religious faith, practice, and experience. He is especially interested in the study of God and of God's relation to the world. According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, Matteo is most likely to score high on Select one: a.spatial intelligence. b.musical intelligence. c.intrapersonal intelligence. d.naturalist intelligence.
c.intrapersonal intelligence.
Researchers usually should submit their findings to a journal for review by their colleagues, who make a decision about whether to publish the paper, depending on its scientific merit. This process is known as Select one: a.publishing review. b.literature review. c.peer review. d.subject review.
c.peer review
The connectionist view of memory Select one: a.suggests that memories are large knowledge structures. b.advocates that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember. c.proposes that memories are organized sets of neurons that are routinely activated together. d.states that memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
c.proposes that memories are organized sets of neurons that are routinely activated together.
Proactive and retroactive interference are examples of Select one: a.encoding failures. b.storage failures. c.retrieval failures. d.brain damage.
c.retrieval failures.
A researcher conducts an experiment to test the effects of playing violent video games on aggression. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this example? Select one: a.frequency of violent video game play b.video game preferences c.scores on an aggressive behavior survey d.the number of hours spent playing video games
c.scores on an aggressive behavior survey
The ________, located at the front of the parietal lobes, is defined as a region in the cerebral cortex that processes information about body sensations. Select one: a.motor cortex b.prefrontal cortex c.somatosensory cortex d.neocortex
c.somatosensory cortex
According to Peterson and others (2011), participants in research studies tend to answer questions in a way that will make them look good rather than in a way that communicates what they truly think or feel. This is a potential problem with a.experiments. b.double-blind experiments. c.surveys. d.case studies.
c.surveys
Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for producing physiological symptoms (such as increased heart rate and butterflies in the stomach) under conditions of stress? Select one: a.somatic b.parasympathetic c.sympathetic d.central
c.sympathetic
According to the serial position effect, if you are a waiter trying to remember all the orders for a table of seven, you should pay particular attention to the ________ orders, because these are the ones you are most likely to forget. Select one: a.first and second b.sixth and seventh c.third, fourth, and fifth d.first, third, and seventh
c.third, fourth, and fifth
According to Arnett, all of the following EXCEPT ________ are features of emerging adulthood. Select one: a.feeling "in between" b.self-focus c.wisdom d.identity exploration in love and work
c.wisdom
People who are gifted have an IQ of Select one: a.110-120. b.90. c.70 or lower. d.130 or higher.
d.130 or higher
Dan is at an international food fest with his brother Jude. When Dan is served a dish of Mopane worm stew, Jude tells him reassuringly, "That's food!" and Dan comprehends his statement regarding the concept of food. Which of the following characteristics of concepts has been illustrated in this scenario? Select one: a.Concepts facilitate generalization. b.Concepts facilitate association between experiences and objects. c.Concepts aid memory. d.Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object.
d.Concepts provide clues about how to react to a particular object.
________ is a defense mechanism that involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target. Select one: a.Regression b.Sublimation c.Repression d.Displacement
d.Displacement
In the context of psychological research methods, which of the following scenarios is an example of the survey method? Select one: a.Dr. Adele observes children as they learn to read. b.Dr. Gomes studies his patients while they undergo psychological counseling. c.Dr. Trooper collects children's school grades and test scores. d.Dr. Frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week.
d.Dr. Frank asks people how many hours of television they watch per week
Which of the following is the main reason that hampers the use of rehearsal as a tool for retaining information over a long period of time? Select one: a.It involves the unconscious repetition of information. b.It can only be used to store verbal information for half a minute or less. c.It always results in distortion of memories. d.It involves mechanically repeating information, without imparting meaning to it.
d.It involves mechanically repeating information, without imparting meaning to it.
Which of the following is true of gender identity? Select one: a.It always remains the same as the one assigned at birth. b.It refers to the ways people present themselves through their appearance, including clothing choices and behavior. c.It is inseparable from gender expression. d.It is a person's inner concept of themselves in relation to the ideas of being male, female, both, or neither.
d.It is a person's inner concept of themselves in relation to the ideas of being male, female, both, or neither.
According to Howard Gardner's multiple intelligences, who among the following is most likely to score high on naturalist intelligence? Select one: a.Filip, a sailor b.Carolina, a musician c.Santiago, a dancer d.Julia, an ecologist
d.Julia, an ecologist
According to the five-factor model of personality, which statement best describes the relationship between neuroticism and personality? Select one: a.Neuroticism is low in anxious and insecure individuals. b.Neuroticism is high when a person is positive. c.Neuroticism is high when a person is emotionally stable. d.Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals.
d.Neuroticism is low in self-satisfied individuals.
Which of the following is the smallest unit of language that carries meaning? Select one: a.a consonant b.a vowel c.a phoneme d.a morpheme
d.a morpheme
Juliet, a 14-year-old, refuses to go to the annual spring dance held in her school because she has just developed a pimple on her chin, and she is sure everyone will talk about it behind her back. Her behavior illustrates Select one: a.preoperational thought. b.the adolescent identity crisis. c.peer influence. d.adolescent egocentrism.
d.adolescent egocentrism.
The sympathetic nervous system and parasympathetic nervous system are components of the Select one: a.central nervous system. b.endocrine system. c.somatic nervous system. d.autonomic nervous system.
d.autonomic nervous system.
Inmates at a correctional facility take part in an experiment on social development. Once the experiment is over, the correctional officer goes home and tells his roommates about the results of the study and about the inmates who did not perform well. In this scenario, which ethical guideline of psychological research has been violated by the correctional officer? Select one: a.limited deception b.informed consent c.freedom from coercion d.confidentiality
d.confidentiality
Reza is an active 1-year-old child. He has a regular routine for playing, eating, and sleeping, and he is mostly in a positive mood. He is observant and readily approaches and adapts to new situations. According to psychiatrists Stella Chess and Alexander Thomas's classification of basic types of temperament in children, Reza can be considered a(n) Select one: a.difficult child. b.child who is slow to warm up. c.child who has high negative affectivity. d.easy child.
d.easy child.
Which of the following is the second step in the scientific method? a.testing through empirical research b.evaluating conclusions c.drawing conclusions d.formulating hypotheses and predictions
d.formulating hypotheses and predictions
Allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. She believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' frequency of study and their grades in school. In the context of psychology's scientific method, to test her theory, Allie would first have to state a Select one: a.conclusion. b.bias. c.fact. d.hypothesis.
d.hypothesis
Allie has developed a theory concerning test grades of high school students. She believes that there is a strong causal relationship between students' frequency of study and their grades in school. In the context of psychology's scientific method, to test her theory, Allie would first have to state a Select one: a.conclusion. b.bias. c.fact. d.hypothesis.
d.hypothesis.
Tamika hypothesizes that women are more helpful than men, and she decides to conduct an experiment to test her hypothesis. During lunchtime, she goes to the crowded food court and deliberately drops her folder containing papers. She then notes whether the person standing closest to her helps her pick up her papers and whether the person is male or female. What is the operational definition of "helpful" in Tamika's study? a.the gender of the person b.the person asking Tamika if she dropped her notebook c.establishing eye contact d.making an effort to gather the papers
d.making an effort to gather the papers
Which of the following terms is used by Carol Dweck (2012, 2017) to describe the way people's beliefs about ability dictate what goals they set for themselves, what they think they can learn, and ultimately what they do learn? Select one: a.attitude b.personality c.body language d.mindset
d.mindset
________ is a hormone and neurotransmitter that plays an important role in the experience of love and social bonding. Select one: a.Acetylcholine b.Dopamine c.Serotonin d.Oxytocin
d.oxytocin
The ________ gland is defined as a pea-sized gland just beneath the hypothalamus that controls growth and regulates other glands. Select one: a.sebaceous b.adrenal c.thyroid d.pituitary
d.pituitary
Which of the following techniques involves an analyst unlocking a person's unconscious conflicts by talking with the individual about his or her childhood memories, dreams, thoughts, and feelings? a.structuralism b.neuroscience c.introspection d.psychoanalysis
d.psychoanalysis
According to Bandura's model of observational learning, which final component determines whether or not an imitated or modeled act will be repeated? Select one: a.attention b.motor reproduction c.replication d.reinforcement
d.reinforcement
Males enter a refractory period during the ________ phase of the human sexual response pattern. Select one: a.excitement b.plateau c.orgasm d.resolution
d.resolution
Kenny has been diagnosed with Parkinson disease and has been prescribed medication to manage some of his symptoms. The medication elevates the levels of dopamine in his system. If the levels of dopamine in his system become excessive, Kenny is most likely to exhibit symptoms associated with Select one: a.depression. b.multiple sclerosis. c.Alzheimer disease. d.schizophrenia.
d.schizophrenia
Infant attachment is Select one: a.the way in which infants change their schemas in response to new experience. b.the process through which infants incorporate new information into existing schemas. c.the way in which infants use their caregivers as a base from which to explore the environment. d.the close emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver.
d.the close emotional bond between an infant and his or her caregiver.
Andrea is the mother of Leo, a six-month-old child. She wants to introduce vegetables in Leo's diet. As Leo is used to having lentil soup as his evening snack, Andrea prepares lentil soup with vegetables in it and makes Leo taste it. He does not like the taste of the soup and refuses to have it. After that day, he refuses to have even plain lentil soup. In this scenario, which of the following acts as the conditioned stimulus? Select one: a.Andrea b.Leo c.the vegetables d.the soup
d.the soup
A good strategy in subgoaling is to Select one: a.work forward in your planning by first creating a subgoal that is closest to the beginning of the problem-solving effort and finally creating a subgoal that is closest to the final goal. b.not create more than two subgoals. c.not create fewer than ten subgoals. d.work backward in your planning by first creating a subgoal that is closest to the final goal, and then work backward to the subgoal that is closest to the beginning of the problem-solving effort.
d.work backward in your planning by first creating a subgoal that is closest to the final goal, and then work backward to the subgoal that is closest to the beginning of the problem-solving effort.
