Psychology of Addictions - Exam I

How many nerve cell connections are in the nervous system? 100 billion 10 billion 100 trillion 100 million

100 trillion

When drugs are taken orally, the effects are delayed for approximately how long? 20 to 30 minutes 50 to 60 minutes 1 to 2 minutes 5 to 10 minutes

20 to 30 minutes

Among those who try a cigarette, what percentage will become daily habitual smokers? 2% 25% 50% 80%

25%

What is the half-life of caffeine? 40 minutes 1-2 hours 3-7 hours 24-48 hours

3-7 hours

For how long does the high from amphetamine generally last? 15 minutes 90 minutes 4-6 hours 12-24 hours

4-6 hours

Which of the following is NOT true concerning nicotine? Nicotine produces a rapid tolerance response. Nicotine increases metabolism. A chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette. Nicotine suppresses appetite.

A chew of tobacco puts less nicotine into the bloodstream than one smoked cigarette.

Which of the following statements is true regarding addiction, including compulsive behaviors such as gambling? Once the stimulus is removed, the individual is easily cured Overcoming addiction is primarily matter of willpower. Addiction is a disease analogous to an diabetes Learning to make the right choices is what recovery is all about

Addiction is a disease analogous to an diabetes

One of the earliest Americans to write about the health dangers of drinking and to recommend temperance was Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson George Washington Dr. Benjamin Rush

Dr. Benjamin Rush

True or False: Amphetamines are dangerous but fortunately over-the-counter diet pills are completely safe.

False

True or False: Chewing khat produces an immediate and intense high.

False

True or False: Inhalants are categorized as stimulants or uppers.

False

True or False: Inhalants most often cause central nervous system stimulation leading to excitement.

False

True or False: Originally called "freebase," "crack cocaine" first appeared at the beginning of this century.

False

True or False: The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act of 1990 was implemented in response to crack epidemic of the 1990s

False

True or False: The chewing of coca leaves in South America was mostly among the common people since the nobility thought it was a dirty habit.

False

True or False: The high from cocaine normally lasts four to six hours.

False

Which congressional act (that became the Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution) prohibited the manufacture and sale of any alcoholic beverage with above 0.5% alcohol? The Harrison Narcotic Act (1914) The Opium Exclusion Act (1909) The Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) The Volstead Act (1920)

The Volstead Act (1920)

Which is NOT true regarding the cardiovascular effects of cocaine use? It constricts the blood vessels. It can weaken the walls of the blood vessels and cause a stroke. It raises the heart rate. There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itself.

There are no cocaine receptors on the heart itself.

True or False: Acute tolerance (tachyphylaxis) and adaptation to tobacco begins almost instantly with the first puff of a cigarette.

True

True or False: Addictive substances affect how neurons can down-regulate their brain receptors.

True

True or False: Heavy prolonged use of stimulants can induce a schizophrenic-like psychosis.

True

True or False: Internet addiction & compulsive shopping affect many of the same brain areas as are influenced by psychoactive drugs

True

The most popular psychoactive substance over the millennia has been opium cocaine alcohol tobacco

alcohol

The discovery of brain chemicals that acted like psychoactive drugs led to: more understanding of the process of addiction more understanding of the process of mental illness new uses of therapeutic drugs to treat addiction and withdrawal states all of the above

all of the above

When the body is continually challenged by drugs that alter the body's natural balance, a "new normal" is homeostasis allostasis drug automatism kindling

allostasis

The difference between the neurochemistry of amphetamines and cocaine is that there is no difference in their effect on neurochemistry, only the amount of time the high lasts. amphetamines block catecholamine reuptake but cocaine does not. amphetamines stimulate more release of catecholamines than cocaine. amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not.

amphetamines block the metabolism of catecholamines whereas cocaine does not.

When a substance originates outside the body, it is endogenous exogenous synthetic all of the above

exogenous

Which will NOT cause a sober mouse to become an alcoholic mouse? excess alcohol stress nutrition genes

genes

Evidence of social concern regarding who can handle alcohol and when it is appropriate to drink alcohol first appeared with the invention of the automobile goes back thousands of years exists only in Near Eastern and Middle Eastern cultures began to first appear around the 1920s

goes back thousands of years

Which of the following best describes how the first cigarette of the day affects a smoker? increases blood pressure and heart rate stimulates appetite satisfies the nicotine craving for the rest of the day all of the above

increased blood pressure and heart rate

Which is NOT a genetic research technique? liver biopsies twin studies retrospective studies biologic family records

liver biopsies

Which of the following is not a plant-based stimulant? khat bush betel nut ephedra bush mephedrone

mephedrone

Continued smoking to avoid the negative effects of nicotine withdrawal is known as positive drug reinforcement inverse tolerance negative drug reinforcement reverse tolerance

negative drug reinforcements

Which is NOT a type of withdrawal? purposive withdrawal nonpurposive withdrawal delayed withdrawal pharmacodynamic withdrawal

pharmacodynamic withdrawal

Using rugs to replace, supplement, or counterbalance the effects of a person's drug of choice is known as: switchback behavior polydrug use all arounder use upper and downer use

polydrug use

Consuming alcohol when using cocaine results in which of the following? a reduction in cardiovascular risks the day after cocaine use the zero sum effect because they cancel each other out a reduction in the time the effects of cocaine last prolonging the effects of cocaine

prolonging the effects of cocaine

Psychiatric medications, including antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anti-anxiety drugs, are prescribed to rebalance irregular brain chemistry slow the central nervous system create hallucinations speed up the central nervous system

rebalance irregular brain chemistry

A practical way to classify psychoactive substances is the following: stimulants, deliriants, and depressants multi-acting all arounders and psychedelics stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics uppers, downers, and depressants

stimulants, depressants, and psychedelics

Another word for putting powdered cocaine under the tongue is contact absorption sublingual buccal insufflation

sublingual

Which of the following is a part of a neuron? terminals capillaries blood-brain barrier synaptic gap

terminals

Name the primary evaluation document used in the U.S. to assess whether a person has a substance-related disorder is Diagnostic Statistical Manual Manual of Drug Diagnosis Disease Classification Manual International Classification of Diseases

Diagnostic Statistical Manual

True or False: Many of the abnormalities in the newborns of drug users have more to do with the mother's lifestyle than the drug itself.

True

True or False: Mexican cartels have replaced Colombian cartels in controlling smuggling cocaine into the United States.

True

True or False: Organic solvents can be toxic to cells and organs.

True

True or False: Psychoactive drugs cannot create sensations or feelings that don't have a natural counterpart in the body.

True

Ice is to methamphetamine as _______ is to cocaine. alcohol marijuana heroin crack

crack

Which of the following is not a stimulant (an "upper")? amphetamines opium cocaine caffeine

opium

True or False: There is no such thing as psychological dependence.

False

True or False: The physical and mental effects of cocaine and amphetamines are very similar.

True

Which of the following is not a street name for methcathinone? belet nut plant food M-KATH meow

belet nut

The main barrier that drugs have to cross to affect the body is the lymphatic barrier drug-brain barrier aorta barrier blood-brain barrier

blood-brain barrier

True or False: It is estimated that one person dies from secondhand smoke (mostly from cardiovascular disease) for every eight smoker deaths.

True

True or False: The use of needles to inject street drugs has been one major cause of the spread of the HIV virus that leads to AIDS.

True

True or False: When the body speeds up the metabolism and the breakdown of a drug, it is known as dispositional tolerance.

True

Which of the following is true of crack cocaine? It has a higher melting point than powdered cocaine. It is more water-soluble than powdered cocaine. Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine. None of the above are true.

Users are able to get a much higher dose into their brain over a shorter period of time than with powdered cocaine.

The natural form of the hallucinogen LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) is found in the root of the mandrake plant a moss covering corn plants the seeds of the ephedra shrub a fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

a fungus which grows on rye/wheat plants

The Gin Epidemic: brought under control through high taxes & strict regulation of gin sales devastated the Middle East is a current problem is a myth

brought under control through high taxes & strict regulation of gin sales

Which of the following is NOT part of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome? decreased appetite anergia emotional depression anhedonia

decreased appetite

Which is NOT a type of tolerance? pharmacodynamic tolerance dispositional tolerance delayed tolerance select tolerance

delayed tolerance

The most crucial neurotransmitter involved in behavioral addictions, drug use, and drug abuse is: norepinephrine histamine epinephrine dopamine

dopamine