Psychology Quiz 2 Review

What is the process whereby the structure and function of brain cells change in response to trauma, damage, or even learning? (will be on quiz)

neuroplasticity

Which part of the neuron carries messages to other cells?

axon

Felicia is recovering from a brain injury. She is able to speak fluently but often uses incorrect words in a sentence. In one instance, she said, "I would like something to drink. Can I have some battery?" This problem is known as....

Wernicke's aphasia

Which neurotransmitter stimulates skeletal muscle cells to contract but slows contractions in the heart?

acetylcholine (ACh)

The neurons of the sensory pathway contain

afferent neurons

Heroin mimics the actions of endorphins, inhibiting pain signals and creating a "high" feeling. Heroin is an example of a(n):

agonist

The venom of a black widow spider acts as a(n) ______ by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine

agonist

If you were to develop a rare condition in which you were not able to remember to be afraid of certain situations, animals, or events, which part of the brain would most likely be damaged?

amygdala

Involuntary muscles are created by the ___ nervous system.

autonomic

Nicole and Camille are synchronized swimmers for their college swim team. They often work long hours to ensure the movements in their routine are perfectly timed. What part of their brains must Camille and Nicole rely most upon?

cerebellum

Of the following which is NOT one of the stages of the general adaptation syndrome?

compensation

What part of the brain can sometimes be referred to as the rind or outer covering

cortex

In the structure of the neuron, the ____ receives messages from other cells

dendrite

Which of the following is associated with pain relief?

endorphines

In which of Selye's stages is death a possible outcome?

exhaustion

Which one of the following is not a function of glial cells?

generating action potentials

Which part of the brain is involved in the creation of long-term declarative memories and is often linked to Alzheimer's?

hippocampus

When a neuron is in the resting potential state, the neuron is negatively charged on the ______ and positively charged on the ______.

inside; outside

Jaime's grandfather recently suffered a stroke and has had difficulty with language production ever since. Most likely, he has experienced damaged to the ____ area of his brain.

left frontal

Yvonne;s ability to reach for an pick up her book is largely die to the functions of the ____ pathway of the ____ nervous sytem

motor pathway of the somatic nervous system

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells generate a fatty substance known as

myelin

Which of the following insulates and protects a neuron's axon and helps speed along electrical impulses?

myelin sheath

Part of the human immune system is the presence of ____ cells, whose primary function is to suppress viruses and destroy tumor cells

natural killer (NK)

When a neuron's resting potential is occurring, the neuron is ____ charged on the inside.

negatively

Bailey is a subject in a study on memory and problem solving. The researcher is applying magnetic pulses to her brain through copper wire coils positioned directly above her scalp. Bailey's study would best be described as a

noninvasive stimulation technique

In which of the following lobes of the brain would you find the primary visual cortex?

occipital

Your friend Melissa has suffered from diabetes for her entire life. She regularly tests her blood to make sure her sugar levels are not too high or low. Which gland in her endocrine system is responsible for regulating her blood sugar?

pancreas

As you take notes, your heart beats at a normal rate. Your breathing is normal and your stomach slowly digests your earlier meal. What division of the peripheral nervous is currently in action?

parasympathetic

Roberto has had difficulty sleeping for the past 6 months and his body seemingly no longer differentiate between night and day. His doctor believes the problem lies within Roberto's endocrine system. What gland will his physician likely focus on?

pineal

Which gland(s0 influence all other glands within the endocrine system?

pituitary gland

Maria often sleeps soundly and rarely awakens to any outside noise. However, the cries of Maria's baby can awaken her immediately. What part of the brain is responsible for this reaction?

reticular formation

Although the brain works largely as a whole, which of the following is not a correct pairing of hemisphere and function?

right; control of right-handed motor functions

Which of the following would be active if you have just had an automobile accident?

sympathetic divison

Neurotransmitters must pass from an axon terminal to the next dendrite by crossing a fluid-filled space called the

synapse

Which brain structure relays incoming sensory information?

thalamus

Your psych prof refers to this as the great sensory relay station of the brain. What part is he or she referring to?

thalamus

Although oxytocin has been tied to a variety of prosocial behaviors such as "love" and "trust," some researchers believe that in humans, it may actually work to increase

the importance of some social stimuli

If you touch a hot stove your spinal cord can prompt you to withdraw your hand w/o having to send the message all the way to the brain. This is due to

the reflex arc

Jessica has suffered a severe blow to the back of her head when she was thrown from her horse. Subsequently, her occipital love has been injured. Which of her senses has the highest chance of being affected?

vision

You have a dream in which you wake up to find that ppl around you are using words that make no sense. What's more, your friends dont seem to understand when you speak. At one point in your dream, your mom tells you that you almost forgot your tree limb today. When you give her a puzzled look, she holds up your lunchbox and repeats, "you know ,your tree limb." You predicament in your dream is most like which of the following disorders?

wernicke's aphasia