Psychology Quiz 6

obedience.

A classic series of experiments by Stanley Milgram demonstrated the profound effect of

mood

A depressive disorder is classified as a(n) _____ disorder.

observer.

In attribution theory, the person who offers a casual explanation of the actor's behavior is called the

risky shift.

the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members is known as

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The _____ was published in 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association for the major classification of psychological disorders in the United States.

35

The volunteer participants in Solomon Asch's experiment o conformity conformed to group pressure to select the incorrect answer approximately _____ percent of the time.

Bullimia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder in which an individual, typically female, consistently follows a binge-and-purge eating pattern.

Anorexia nervosa

_____ is an eating disorder that involves the relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Stereotype threat

_____ is an individual's fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative idea about his or her group.

Prejudice

_____ is an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a group.

Depression

_____ is an unrelenting lack of pleasure in life.

frontal lobes

Deficits in the functioning of the _____ are associated with aggression.

social identity theory

Which of the following theories best explains why individuals like to think of their group as an in-group?

dissociative identity disorder

Which of the following was formerly called multiple personality disorder?

high levels/low levels

Individuals with bulimia nervosa tend to have _____ of perfectionism and _____ of self-efficacy.

Romantic love

_____ involves strong components of sexuality and infatuation, and is often predominant in the early part of a love relationship.

Flat affect

_____ is a common negative symptom of schizophrenia, which means the display of little or no emotion.

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

_____ is a depressive disorder in children who show persistent irritability and recurrent episodes of out-of-control behavior.

Bipolar disorder

_____ is a mood disorder that is characterized by extreme mood swings that include one or more episodes of mania, an overexcited, unrealistically optimistic state.

Body dysmorphic disorder

_____ is an OCD-related disorder that involves a distressing preoccupation with imagined or slight flaws in one's physical appearance.

Social phobia

_____ is an anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense fear of being humiliated or embarrassed in public.

Normative social influence

_____ is based on a person's desire to be liked by a group.

Dissociative identity disorder

_____ is the most dramatic, least common, and most controversial dissociative disorder.

Cognitive dissonance

_____ is the psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Social psychology

_____ is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

Egoism

_____ means helping another person for personal gain, such as to feel good, or avoid guilt.

social comparison.

the process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others is known as

two weeks.

For a person to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD), he or she must have experienced a significant depressive episode and depressed characteristics, such as lethargy and hopelessness, for at least

conformity.

In the context of social influence, Solomon Asch's experiment demonstrates

biological

The _____ approach to psychological disorders primary focuses on the brain, genetic factors, and neurotransmitter functioning as the sources of abnormality.

diathesis-stress model

The _____ is a theory suggesting that preexisting conditions, such as genetic characteristics, personality dispositions, or experiences, put a person at risk of developing a psychological disorder.

false consensus effect

The _____ is the overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way we do.

positive symptoms/negative symptoms

The _____ of schizophrenia are marked by a distortion or an excess of normal function, whereas the _____ reflect social withdrawal, behavioral deficits, and the loss or decrease of normal functions.

obsessive-compulsive disorder.

The anxiety disorder in which the individual has anxiety-provoking thoughts that will not go away and/or urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors to prevent or produce some future situation is called

proximity

The mere exposure effect provides one possible explanation for why _____ increases attraction.

cleansing.

The most common compulsion exhibited by individuals who have obsessive-compulsive disorder is excessive

Dissociative disorders

_____ involve a sudden loss of memory or change in identity.

equity.

According to social exchange theory, the most important predictor of relationship success is

major depressive disorder.

According to the National Institute of Mental Health, the leading cause of disability in the United States is

feeling emotionally charged.

All of the following are symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder EXCEPT

post-traumatic stress disorder.

Dissociative disorders often occur in individuals who also show signs of

deindividuation.

The Stanford prison experiment provides a dramatic example of how social situations and the roles we take on in life can influence

social contagion

The effects of others on our behavior can take the form of _____, imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

testosterone.

The hormone that is typically implicated in aggressive behavior is

attribution.

The process by which we come to understand the causes of others' behavior is known as

ethnocentrism.

The tendency to favor one's own cultural group over other groups is called

American men are twice as likely as American women to be diagnosed with panic disorder.

Which of the following statements about panic disorder is FALSE?

the psychological approach

Which theoretical approach emphasizes the contributions of experiences, thoughts, emotions, and personality characteristics in explaining psychological disorders?

maladaptive.

With respect to the three characteristics of abnormal behavior, when a behavior interferes with a person's ability to function effectively in the world, it is considered

Positive illusions

_____ are favorable views of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality.

Antisocial personality disorder

_____ is a psychological disorder characterized by guiltlessness, law-breaking, exploitation of others, irresponsibility, and deceit.

Schizophrenia

_____ is a severe psychological disorder that is characterized by highly disordered, psychotic thought processes.

Psychosis

_____ refers to a psychological state in which a person's perceptions and thoughts are fundamentally removed from reality.

the fundamental attribution error.

the tendency for observers to underestimate the impact of the external situation and overestimate the impact of inner traits when they seek explanations of another person's behavior is called

task-oriented cooperation.

An important feature of optimal intergroup contact that involves working together on a shared goal is known as

stereotype

A _____ is a generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.

an individual will go to any length to avoid the object of the fear.

A fear becomes a phobia when

social exchange theory

According to _____, social relationships involve an exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits.

social exchange theory

According to _____, the most important predictor of relationship success is having both partners feel that each is doing his or her "fair share."

internal/external causes

According to attribution theory, attributions vary along which of the following dimensions?

disease

Drug companies commonly fund research that focuses on a(n) _____ model of psychological disorders.

Explicit racism/implicit racism

____ is reflected in a person's conscious and openly shared attitude, which might be measured using a questionnaire. ____ refers to attitudes that exist on a deeper, hidden level, thus they must be measured with a method that does not require awareness.

Attitudes

_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas, and how they feel about the world.

Obsessions/compulsions

_____ are recurrent thoughts, and _____ are recurrent behaviors.

Hallucinations/Delusions

_____ are sensory experiences in the absence of real stimuli. _____ are false, unusual, and sometimes magical beliefs that are not part of an individual's culture.

Anorexia nervosa

_____ has the highest mortality rate of any psychological disorder.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

_____ is a psychological disorder, commonly diagnosed in childhood, in which an individual exhibits one or more of the following symptoms: a lack of concentration, excitability, and impulsivity.

Borderline personality disorder

_____ is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and of marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in various contexts.

a history of manic episodes.

All of the following are symptoms of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

bipolar disorder/depressive disorders

Genetic factors are stronger predictors of _____ than _____.

panic disorder

In a(n) _____, a person experiences recurrent,sudden onsets of intense terror, often without warning and with no specific cause.

social cognition.

the area of social psychology that explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information is called

internal attributions.

Attributions that include causes inside and specific to a person, such as his or her traits and abilities, are called

serotonin and norepinephrine.

Depressed people tend to have fewer receptors of the neurotransmitters

more common among women/equally common in men and women

Depressive disorders are _____, whereas bipolar disorder is _____.

made it illegal to discriminate against a person with a psychological disorder in the workplace when the person's condition does not prevent performance of the job's essential functions.

The Americans with Disabilities Act

biological

The _____ approach is evident in the medical model.

deindividuation.

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group is known as

affectionate love.

When individuals desire to have another person near and have a deep, caring affection for the person, they are displaying

informational social influence.

When members of a group know something that a person doesn't, the person will follow the group to be right. This explains the concept of

a change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard

Which of the following statements best defines conformity?

Mania

_____ refers to a psychological state in which an individual feels overexcited and unrealistically optimistic.

Effort justification

_____ refers to rationalizing the amount of work we put into getting something by increasing its value.

Groupthink.

_____ refers to the impaired decision making that occurs in a team when making the right decision is less important than maintaining harmony.

Person perception

_____ refers to the processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others.

Self-serving bias

_____ refers to the tendency to take credit for one's own successes and to deny responsibility for one's own failures.

Social identity

_____ refers tot he way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

Self-perception

_____ theory is Daryl Bem's take on how behaviors influence attitudes.

relational aggression.

behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as