Psychology test 3
Dissociative Fugue state
"Running away"; wandering away from one's life, memory, and identity, with no memory of them
psychological disorder
(DSM 5)a disturbance in the psychological, biological, or developmental processes underlying mental functioning."
ego
, our rational self
Depressed mood most of the day, and/orMarkedly diminished interest or pleasure in activities
2 criteria for major depressive disorder
the unconscious in freuds view
A reservoir of thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories, that are hidden from awareness because they feel unacceptable.
this is a social cognitive perspective
Albert Bandura believes that Personality is:The result of an interaction that takes place between a person and their social context, involving how we thinkabout ourselves and our situations.
social-cognitive perspective.
Amanda's therapist suggests that her depression results from mistakenly blaming herself rather than a slumping economy for her recent job loss. Her therapist's suggestion best illustrates a
trait
An enduring quality that makes a person tend to act a certain way
a biopsychosocial approach.
An integrated understanding of psychological disorders in terms of stressful memories, evolutionary processes, and gender roles is most clearly provided by
manic episode
An overabundance of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine is most likely to be associated with
conditioning
Andrea experiences extreme anxiety when approaching any lake. Her therapist suggests that her fear results from a traumatic boat accident she experienced as a child. The therapist's suggestion highlights the impact of
The Medical Model
At one time, disordered people were simply warehoused in asylums. These were replaced with psychiatric hospitals in which attempts were made to diagnose and cure those with psychological disorders. This best illustrates one of the beneficial consequences of
anxious personality disorder
Avoidant P.D., ruled by fear of social rejection
periods of immobility or excessive, purposeless movement
Catatonia is characterized by
Bulimia Nervosa
Compulsion to binge, eating large amounts fast, then purge by losingthe food through vomiting, laxatives, and extreme exercise
Binge-Eating Disorder
Compulsion to binge, followed by guilt and depression
anorexia nervosa
Compulsion to lose weight, coupled with certainty about being fat despite being 15 percent or more underweight
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Development of separate personalities
low self esteem
Discounting positive information and assuming the worst about self, situation, and the future
dramatic personality disorder
Histrionic, attention-seeking; narcissistic, self-centered; antisocial, amoral
depressive explanatory style
How we analyze bad news predicts mood.
ADHD
Impulsivity mixed with Inattention and/or hyperactivity. Can include distractibility, disorganization, fidgeting, difficulty suppressing impulses, and impaired working memory.
antisocial personality disorder
Kyle is extremely manipulative and can look anyone in the eye and lie convincingly. His deceit often endangers the safety and well-being of those around him, but he is indifferent to any suffering they might experience as a result of his actions. His behavior best illustrates
antisocial personality disorder
Low levels of anxiety are most characteristic of
delusions
Mr. James believes that people are constantly laughing at him and that FBI agents are trying to steal his life savings. Mr. James is most clearly suffering from
schizophrenia
Oxygen deprivation at the time of birth is a known risk factor for
antisocial personality disorder
Persistently acting without conscience, without a sense of guilt for harm done to others (strangers and family alike).
frontal lobes
Poor coordination of neural firing in the ? impairs judgment and self-control.
eccentric personality disorder
Schizoid P.D., with flat affect, no social attachments
learned helplessness
Self-defeating beliefs such as assuming that one (self) is unable to cope, improve, achieve, or be happy
20
Symptoms of schizophrenia begin to appear at a median age of about
Thalamus
The ? fires during hallucinations as if real sensations were being received.
medical model
The discovery that the disease of syphilis causes mental symptoms (by infecting the brain) suggested a ? for mental illness.
Carl Jung
The psychodynamic theorist who Highlighted universal themes in the unconscious as a source of creativity and insight. Found opportunities for personal growth by finding meaning in moments of coincidence.
viral infections
The relationship between the season of the year in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of ________ in this disorder.
psychodynamic perspective.
The suggestion that dissociative identity disorder symptoms are created as defenses against the anxiety caused by one's own unacceptable impulses best illustrates the
hallucinations
Therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
Using factor analysis, who found that many personality traits actually are a function of two basic dimensions along which we all vary.
Male
What Gender is likely to develop Schrizophenia
a motionless body
Which of the following best illustrates a negative symptom of schizophrenia?
Maslow
Who came up with the hierarchy of needs
obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Without success, Maxine spends hours each day trying to suppress intrusive thoughts that she might have forgotten to lock her house when she left for work. Her experience is most symptomatic of
Dissociation
a separation of conscious awareness from thoughts, memory, bodily sensations, feelings, or even from identity.
Genuiness Acceptance Empathy
according to Rogers what are the three conditions that facilitate growth
psychopathology
an illnessof the mind.
Culture-bound syndromes
are disorders which only seem to exist within certain cultures; they demonstrate how culture can play a role in both causing and defininga disorder
obsessions
are intense, unwanted worries, ideas, and images that repeatedly pop up in the mind.
spotlight effect
assuming that people have focusedattention on you when they actually may not be noticing you.
id
biological drives
social-cognitive theory
conditioning and observational learning interact with cognition to create behavior patterns
individualist
cultures value independence. They promote personal ideals, strengths, and goals, pursued in competition with others, leading to individual achievement and finding a unique identity
collectiveness
cultures value interdependence. They promote group and societal goals and duties, and blending in with group identity, with achievement attributed to mutual support
projection
disguising one's own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
dissociative disorder
dysfunction and distress caused by chronic and severe dissociation.
Free Association
encourage the patient to speak whatever comes to mind, then the therapist verbally traces a flow of thoughts into the past and into the unconscious.
personality disorder
enduring patterns of social and other behavior that impair social functioning.
humanistic theory
if our basic human needs are met people will strive toward self-actualization. in a climate of unconditional positive regard, we can develop self awareness and a more realistic and positive self-concept
seasonal affective disorder
involves a recurring seasonal pattern of depression, usually during winter's short, dark, cold days.
compulsion
is a repeatedly strong feeling of "needing" to carry out an action, even though it doesn't feel like it makes sense.
abolition
less motivation, initiative
catonia
moving less
anhedonia
no feeling of enjoyment
rationalization
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one's actions
classical conditioning
overgeneralizing a conditioned response
psychoanalytic theory
personality consist of pleasure-seeking impulses the id, a reality-oriented executive the ego and an internalized set of ideals the superego
psychosis
refers to a mental split from reality and rationality.
mania
refers to a period of hyper-elevated mood that is euphoric, giddy, easily irritated, hyperactive, impulsive, overly optimistic, and even grandiose.
denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
regression
retreating to a more infantile psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
operant conditionig
rewarding avoidance
trait theory
scientific study of trait has isolated important dimensions of personality, such as big five
erogenous zones
sensitive areas of the body.
displacement
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threading object or person
superego
society's rules and constraints.
alogia
speaking less
rumination
stuck focusing on whats bad
Paranoid
subtype of SchizophreniaPlagued by hallucinations, often with negative messages, and delusions, both grandiose and persecutory
disorganized
subtype of schizophrenia Primary symptoms are flat affect, incoherent speech, and random behavior
catatonic
subtype of schizophrenia Rarely initiating or controlling movement; copies others' speech and actions
residual
subtype of schizophrenia Withdrawal continues after positive symptoms have disappeared
undifferentiated
subtype of schizophrenia with many varied symptoms
reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
projective test
test that are a structured, systematic exposure to a standardized set of ambiguous prompts, designed to reveal inner dynamics.
psychodynamic theory
the dynamic interplay of conscious and unconscious motive and conflicts shape our personality
Schizophrenia
the mind is split from reality, e.g. a split from one's own thoughts so that they appear as hallucinations.
Karen Horney
the psychodynamic theorist who Criticized the Freudian portrayal of women as weak and subordinate to men.She highlighted the need to feel secure in relationships.
Alfred Adler
the psychodynamic theorist who Focused on the fight against feelings of inferiority as a theme at the core of personality, although he may have been projecting from his own experience
True
there is more norepinephrine in mania and less in depression (T or F)
False, it is reduced
there is more serotonin in depression (T or F)
trait theory of personality
this says That we are made up of a collection of traits, behavioral predispositions that can be identified and measured, traits that differ from person to person
dopamine in the Brain
to much what explains paranoia and hallucinations; it's like taking amphetamine overdoses all the time.
acute/reactive
type of Schizophrenia In reaction to stress, some people develop positive symptoms such as hallucinations.
chronic/process
type of Schizophrenia develops slowly, with more negative symptoms .
Conscientiousness:self-discipline, careful pursuit of delayed goals Agreeableness: helpful, trusting, friendliness Neuroticism: anxiety, insecurity, emotional instability Openness: flexibility, nonconformity, variety Extraversion: Drawing energy from others, sociability
what are the big five personality factors? Hint: remember the acronym CANOE
Gordon Allport
who decided that Freud overvalued unconscious motives and undervalued our real, observable personality styles/traits.
Philippe Pinel
who proposed that mental disorders were not caused by demonic possession, but by stress and inhumane conditions.
Myers and Briggs
who wanted to to study individual behaviors and statements to find how people differed in personality: having different traits.
Rogers Maslow
who was the 2 main people for the humanistic theory
Adler Horney Jung
who was the main people (3) for psychodynamic theory
freud
who was the main person for psychoanalytic theory
Bandura
who was the main person for social-cognitive theory
Allport Eysenck McCrae
who were the 3 main people for trait theory