Psychology Test 3

A person experiencing Erikson's generativity versus stagnation stage would most likely ____. a.feel a need to contribute something worthwhile to society b.feel a need to commit to a permanent partner c.be motivated to develop one's talents d.desire to put closure on one's life

A

According to Erik Erikson, an adolescent who does not successfully handle the tasks of the identity versus role of confusion stage may fail to form a ______ identity A. stable b. stagnant c. industrious d. autonomous

A

According to the research described in the textbook, Bonobos, parrots, and dolphins have been studied to determine if they have the ability to _____. A. use language b. communicate c. think d. experience emotion

A

Based on your experience with your own college professors, you determine that all college professors tend to be reflective thinkers. This is an example of ____. a.inductive reasoning b.the availability heuristic c.deductive reasoning d.the representativeness heuristic

A

Believing that something like capital punishment may be both a good practice and a bad practice, and therefore not being completely for or against capital punishment, would be more typical of an ____ than an ____. a.adult: adolescent b.American; Asian c.adolescent; adult d.Asian; American

A

Current research on private speech suggests that ____. a.it should be encouraged when children are problem solving b.its occurrence after age five suggests a developmental delay c.it must be explicitly taught to children to be effective d.it tends to interfere with learning new skills

A

In a recent large, diverse survey of college and noncollege young adults between the ages of 18 and 35, reported feeling "somewhat like an adult" a. 56% b. 66% c. 76% d. 86%

A

In what way does language appear to influence thinking? a. language can influence our memory and perceptions b. the words of a particular language can create new ways of thinking that would not be possible if one spoke a different language. C. different nouns can alter the depth of thinking in a particular area, but verbs cannot. D. different verbs can alter the depth of thinking in a particular area, but nouns cannot.

A

Marissa and Javon are unmarried but intimate partners who have decided to live together. If their experience is typical, they'll cohabitate for about _____ years. a.2 b.4 c.6 d.8

A

Natural concepts ____. a.have fuzzy boundaries b.are usually learned formally c.usually use rigid rules to define their elements d.are typically university held by all people

A

Viewing a pencil as only a writing instrument is an example of ____. a.functional fixedness b.a mental set c.an algorithm d. a phoneme

A

What is one of Howard Gardner's nine multiple intelligences? a.Bodily-kinesthetic b.Analytical c.Aesthetic d.Creativity

A

Which object would a typical infant be able to see most clearly? a.A face at a close distance b.A mobile at a moderate distance c.A face at a moderate distance d.A mobile at a long distance

A

With regard to how we acquire the concepts that help to organize our thinking, formal concepts are more likely ____, whereas natural concepts are more likely____. a.taught; experienced b.experienced; taught c.subordinate; superordinate d.superordinate; subordinate

A

Your three-month-old infant seems to smile whenever anyone catches her attention. She is exhibiting a ____. a.social smile b.conditioned stimulus c.learned emotion d.motor expression

A

A 30-year-old who makes an emotional commitment to a partner by confidently sharing her identity with her partner is experiencing Erikson's stage of ____. a.ego integrity versus despair b.intimacy versus isolation c.generativity versus stagnation d.initiative versus guilt

B

According to Lev Vygotsky and his sociocultural theory,______. a.all languages share the same basic structure b.language is a primary means of transmitting cultural elements from generation to generation. c. people who speak different languages will think about and perceive the world differently because of the effect of language. d. individuals who have not been exposed to language at a young age will not be able to learn a language with any degree of competency.

B

Anne and Bruce place a baby gate at the top of their stairs to make sure their infant son does not fall down them. This parental behavior recognizes the immature______ of the infant. A. eye convergence b. depth perception c. hearing d. sound discrimination

B

Compared to a 10-year old, a three-year old would be expected to have_______. a. a larger vocabulary b. a larger number of neural connections c. faster reflexes d. better fine motor skills

B

Divorce rates for African Americans and European Americans are about _____ a.5% b.10% c.15% d.20%

B

Exemplars are to ____ as prototypes are to ____. a.elements that stand out; subtle elements b.actual examples; typical members c.similarities; differences d.natural concepts; formal concepts

B

If a mid-life crisis were to be experienced, it would most likely occur during Erikson's stage of ____. a.ego integrity versus despair b.generativity versus stagnation c.identity versus role confusion d.intimacy versus isolation

B

Jorge and Crystal's adult daughter, Florence, has recently moved back in with them when she lost her job due to downsizing. Jorge and Crystal are experiencing the ____. a.parent trap b.full nest c.empty nest d.departure phase

B

Joshua is very clingy with his parents he generally refuses to move more than short distances from them and shows extreme discomfort when they leave. His behavior most likely reflects an _______ attachment. A. Secure B. Resistant C.permissive D. Avoidant

B

The concepts of imaginary audience and personal fable provide examples of adolescent ____. a.conservationism b.egocentrism c.animism d.constructionism

B

The physical activities involved in playing soccer would mostly include which kind of motor skills? a.Primary b.Gross c.Fine d.Major

B

Through the scientific method, psychologists attempt to determine general principles of behavior and mental processes. In this process, psychologists use ____. a.the availability heuristic b.inductive reasoning c.deductive reasoning d.mental sets

B

When your teacher announces that you are going to be discussing the theories and research of Lawrence Kohlberg, you can expect that you will be talking about ____ development. A. emotional B. moral c. social d. cognitive

B

Your friend is contemplating a divorce but is concerned about the negative effects of the divorce on the children. Your friend should be aware of the research showing that ____. a.the divorce itself is the most important factor in the later difficulties among children from homes where divorce occurred b.two parents who fight with each other create as much distress in children as the experience of divorcing parents c.the negative effects of divorce are greater for the parents than they are for the children d.the negative effects of divorce are largely a thing of the past

B

After struggling with and thinking for several days about the approach you should take in your research paper, you suddenly determine a successful approach this is most correctly called ______. A. a heuristic b. an algorithm c. insight d. creativity

C

As a baby, Inna was generally in a good mood, approached new people, and had a regular pattern of eating and sleeping. Inna most likely has a(n) ____ temperament. a.slow-to-warm up b.difficult c.easy d.secure

C

By the age of six, the average child ____. a.has a vocabulary of around 1,000 words, but not a good sense of grammar rules b.is in the midst of using holophrases and telegraphic speech as his or her primary form of language c.has a vocabulary of around 10,000 words and a fairly competent mastery of grammar d.has just recently stopped using underextensions and overextensions in his or her language

C

Current research on Piaget's stages suggests that ____. a.the ages he assigned for different abilities were completely accurate b.he correctly identified the role of culture in cognitive development c.he underestimated children's abilities and the timing of their development d.the sequence of the skills he described in children was completely inaccurate

C

Image-scanning studies suggest that visual images in our minds are ____. a.primarily language-based b.without definite shape or size c.mental copies of the real stimulus d.digital, rather than analog

C

Insight usually ____. a.occurs without any effort b.leads to incorrect solutions c.takes much thought and knowledge d.requires the use of algorithms

C

Joanne always attempts to discipline her child through grounding because it has worked in the past. Lately, it has not been working, but she keeps trying because it always worked before. Joanne has encountered which obstacle to problem solving? a.Functional fixedness b.An algorithm c.A mental set d.Underextension

C

Marta has heard that making a shopping list will help her save money when shopping, so she decides to try it. Her shopping list includes fruits, veggies and meat. Marta's list uses ______ categories. A. basic level B.subordinate c. superordinate d. midordinate

C

Research on postformal thinking suggests that ____. a.adolescence may not really be a separate stage of development b.postformal thought is the most advanced form of thought c.Piaget's four stages may not describe all levels of cognitive development d.adolescents and adults have more in common with each other than commonly believed

C

Research with Bonobo chimpanzees, dolphins, and birds has shown that some animals____. a.clearly have the ability to learn human language b.simply do not have the ability to learn any language c.are capable of learning communication elements that at least have the appearance of language d.have greater intellectual and language abilities than humans

C

What is the commonly accepted view of current psychologists regarding the nature-nurture controversy? A. nature is the stronger factor of the two. B. nurture is the stronger factor of the two. C. the interaction of nature and nurture determines what we become D. Nature, nurture, and the third factor of the environment determine what we become

C

Whereas men's self-ratings of ____ are higher than women's self-ratings, men's self-ratings of ____ are lower than women's self-ratings. a.verbal intelligence; spatial intelligence b.fluid intelligence; crystallized intelligence c.intelligence; emotional intelligence d.skills; knowledge

C

David Wechsler's Intellegence tests_____. A. do not include a performance scale b. do not include a verbal scale c. yield two separate index scores d. yield four separate index scores

D

Determining that your psychology teacher is very intelligent because she has a doctoral degree from a university would be an example of ____. a.the availability heuristic b.inductive reasoning c.anchoring and adjustment d.deductive reasoning

D

How does the brain develop after adolescence? a.The brain will no longer develop. b.The only part of the brain left to develop is the gray matter of the frontal cortex. c.The only part of the brain left to develop is the connection between the two hemispheres. d.The brain will continue to develop throughout life.

D

If you are doing a research paper on Erik erikson's theory, your topic will most likely focus on _____ development. A. physical b.cognitive c. moral d. psychosocial

D

Kathy remains close to her father at all times, rarely exploring new environments or objects. She shows extreme distress if her father leaves and appears to be angry at him when he returns. Ainsworth would characterize Kathy's attachment as _____. a. avoidant b.secure c. oppositional d. resistant

D

Those who believe that intelligence is primarily due to genetics would have the most difficulty explaining why____? A. identical twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins B. european americans have higher average IQs than most African americans C. individuals in the same family tend to have similar IQs D. African american children placed in affluent European amercan families have above average IQs

D

Which activity is most likely to exercise your fluid intelligence abilities? a.Watching a movie on TV b.Going for a walk c.Listening to a lecture on birds d.Playing a fast-paced video game on your computer

D

Which of the following represents the sequence of reactions to death developed by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross? A. depression, denial, bargaining, anger,acceptance b. acceptance, denial, bargaining, anger, depression c. denial, bargaining, anger, acceptance, depression d. denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

D

______ genes become more widespread through natural selection. a.Emotive b.Passive c.Aggressive d.Adaptive

D