psychology test

Operant response rates remain highest when individuals anticipate that their behavior will actually lead to further reinforcement. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in operant conditioning.

cognitive processes

Four year old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. At first her mother granted every request, but now she does so less consistently. Research suggests Della will

continue to ask for a treat nearly every time she goes to the store

A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

discrimination

According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled by primarily by

external influences

Coffee shops that reward costumers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

fixed ratio

Caroline was halfway through writing an essay for her English class, when she couldn't think of what to say next. She decided to stop working on the essay for a while. When she returned to her desk, she suddenly realized what she should write. Caroline's experience best illustrates

insight

Using rewards to bribe people to engage in an activity they already enjoy is most likely to inhibit

intrinsic reinforcement

The best evidence that animals develop cognitive maps comes from studies of

latent learning

It is easier to train a dog to bark for food than to train it to stand on it's hind legs for food. This best illustrates the importance of _______ in learning.

biological predispositions

Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a

negative punishment

When 4-year-old Michael hit his sister, his mom placed him in time out by having him stand in a corner for 4 minutes. A time out is considered to be

negative punishment

Which of the following is true of negative reinforcement and punishment?

negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

partial reinforcement

B. F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

personal freedom

Myron quit gambling after he lost more than a thousand dollars betting on horse races. This best illustrates the effects of

punishment

On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

variable-interval